Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Universe |
UniverseNoun1. Everything that exists anywhere; "they study the evolution of the universe"; "the biggest tree in existence". 2. The whole collection of existing things. 3. (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; "it is an estimate of the mean of the population". 4. Everything stated or assumed in a given discussion. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "universe" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1120. (references) |
Etymology: Universe \U"ni*verse\, noun. [Latin expression universum, from universus universal; unus one vertere, versum, to turn, that is, turned into one, combined into one whole; compare to French univers. See One, and Verse.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | In statistical terminology, = population. (references) |
Census | The total number of units, e.g., individuals, households, businesses, in the population of interest. (references) |
Math | A Turing machine that is capable of simulating any other Turing machine by encoding the latter. (references) |
Statistics | The aggregate of all units, finite or infinite, forming the subject of study. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Marvel Universe is the fictional shared setting where most of the comic stories published by Marvel Comics takes place.Though the concept of a shared universe was not new or unique to comics in 1961, writer/editor Stan Lee, together with several artists including Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko created a series of titles where events in one book would have reprecussions in another title and serialized stories would show characters grow and change. Headline characters in one title would make cameo or guest appearances in other books. Eventually many of the leading heroes assembled into a team known as The Avengers.
Over time, a few of Marvel Comics writers lobbied Marvel editors to incorporate the idea of a multiverse; this plot device allows one to create several fictional universe which normally do not overlap. What happens on Earth in the main Marvel Universe would normally have no effect on what happens on a parallel earth in another Marvel-created universe. However, storywriters would have the creative ability to write stories in which people from one such universe would visit this alternate universe. When characters from one universe meet characters from another universe that they normally do not interact with, this is termed a crossover.
Several Marvel Comics writers wanted to do a crossover with DC Comics's Justice League of America (JLA), the superhero team fearuring Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Green Lantern and others. However, at this time inter-company crossovers were not being done. As such, writer Mark Gruenwald wrote a series of stories about the Squadron Supreme, a group of superheros on an alternate Earth (not in the main Marvel Universe) that effectively were the Justice League. There were very close analogues to all the main DC Comics superheros, but since they were given different names and costimes (yet astonishingly similar back-stories) Marvel Comics could maintain plausible deniability. This was one of the industry's biggest in-jokes. However, the writers of the storylines containing the Squadron Supreme did not take the characters as a joke, and treated them with great respect; they effectively allowed Marvel writers to write JLA stories. In 1986 Marvel published a Squadron Supreme 12 issue maxi-series that was groundbreaking for its time, and is considered a predecessor to similar comics such as Watchmen and Kingdom Come.
In 1982 Marvel published the mini-series Contest of Champions where all of the major heroes in existence at the time were gathered together to deal with one threat. The Marvel Universe was also notable for setting its central titles in New York City. Care was taken to portray the city and the world as realistically as possible with the presence of superhumans affecting the common citizens in various ways.
Over the years as the number of titles published increased and the volume of past stories accumulated it became increasingly difficult to maintain internal consistency. In order to continue publishing stories of its most popular characters, maintaining the status quo became necessary. Change and growth for characters was replaced with the illusion of change. Unlike its main rival DC Comics Marvel has never engaged in a drastic reboot of their continuity. Minor attempts have been made in recent years to produce stories more accessible for neophyte readers such as the Heroes Reborn titles (occurring in a pocket universe where many of the major Marvel heroes were exiled).
A greater attempt has been made with the Ultimate titles; this series of titles is in a universe unrelated to the main Marvel continuity, and essentially is starting the entire Marvel Universe over again, from scratch. Ultimate comics now exist for the X-Men, the Avengers, Spider-Man, and the Fantastic Four. Sales of these titles are strong, and indications are that Marvel will continue to expand the line, effectively creating two Marvel Universes existing concurrently. (Some rumors exist that if sales continue to increase and more titles are added, Marvel may consider making the Ultimate universe its main universe.)
In 2002 a study was done of the interactions between characters in the Marvel Universe (Alberich, R., Miro-Julia, J. & Rosselló, F. Marvel Universe looks almost like a real social network) which revealed that the Marvel Universe shares some non-random features with the social networks of collaborating scientists or co-starring movie actors. This pattern developed without deliberate coordination among the various writers over the years. The most socially networked character in the universe is Captain America.
Events, crossovers, and alternate worlds
- Age of Apocalypse
- Atlantis Attacks
- Atlantis Rising
- Heroes Reborn
- Infinity Crusade
- Infinity Gauntlet
- Infinity War
- Kree-Skrull War
- Marvel 2099
- Maximum Security
- Onslaught Saga
- Secret Wars
Related links
- List of Marvel Comics characters
- Marvel Comics
External links
- Marvel Comics official site
- Article by Nature on Marvel Universe study
- Arxiv.org pre-print: "Marvel Universe looks almost like a real social network"
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marvel Universe."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Orphans of the Sky is a science fiction novella by Robert A. Heinlein, consisting of two parts: Universe and Common Sense.A gigantic, tube-shaped starship is cruising pilotless toward a distant solar system, inhabited by a crew that has forgotten their origins over time and lapsed into superstition. Most crew members lead a simple bucolic life of farming, never venturing to the upper decks where the muties dwell. One day, Hugh Hoyland starts exploring and finds the astonishing secret of the ship's purpose.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Orphans of the Sky."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:UniverseFor information about the mathematical concept, see Universe (mathematics). For information on the software, see Universe (software)
In the first half of the 20th century, the word Universe was used to mean the whole spacetime continuum in which we exist, together with all the energy and matter within it. Attempts to understand the Universe in this sense, on the largest possible scales, are made in cosmology, a science that has grown from physics and astronomy. During the second half of the 20th century, the development of observational cosmology, also called physical cosmology, led to a split in the meaning of the word Universe between observational cosmologists and theoretical cosmologists, where the former (usually) abandon the hope of observing the whole spacetime continuum, while the latter retain this hope, attempting to find the most reasonable speculations for modelling the whole of spacetime, despite the extreme difficulty in imagining any empirical constraints on these speculations and the risk of declining into metaphysics.
The terms known universe, observable universe, or visible universe are often used to describe the part of the Universe that we can see or otherwise observe. Those who believe it is impossible to observe the whole continuum may use our universe, referring only to that knowable by human beings in particular.
Expansion, Age, Big Bang
The most important result of cosmology, that the Universe is expanding, is derived from redshift observations and quantified by Hubble's Law. Extrapolating this expansion back in time, one approaches a gravitational singularity, a rather abstract mathematical concept, which may or may not correspond to reality. This gives rise to the Big Bang theory, the dominant model in cosmology today. The time=zero of the Big Bang is estimated to have happened about 13.7 billion (13.7 × 109) years ago, with an uncertainty of only 200 million years, according to NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).
A fundamental aspect of the Big Bang can be seen today in the observation that the farther away from us galaxies are, the faster they move away from us. It can also be seen in the microwave background radiation which is the much-attenuated radiation that originated soon after the Big Bang. This background radiation is remarkably uniform in all directions, which cosmologists have attempted to explain by an initial period of rapid inflation following the Big Bang.
Size of Universe and observable universe
It is not known whether the Universe is finite or infinite in spatial extent and volume, although the majority of theorists currently favor an finite Universe.
However, the observable universe, consisting of all locations that could have affected us since the Big Bang given the finite speed of light, is certainly finite. The edge of the cosmic light horizon is 14-15B light years distant. The present distance (comoving distance) to the edge of the observable universe is larger, since the universe has been expanding; it is estimated to be about 50 billion light years (4.7E23km). This would make the comoving volume, of the known universe, equal to 5E32 cubic lightyears (assuming this region is perfectly spherical). The observable universe contains about 7 × 1022 stars, organized in about 1010 galaxies, which themselves form clusters and superclusters. The number of galaxies may be even larger, based on the Hubble Deep Field observed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
The reader should be warned that both popular and professional research articles in cosmology often use the term "Universe" when they really mean "observable universe". This is because unobservable physical phenomena are philosophically irrelevant to human existence. Thus the term our...
We live in the centre of the observable universe, in apparent contradiction to the Copernican principle which says that the Universe is more or less uniform and it has no distinguished centre. This is simply because light does not travel infinitely fast, and we make observations of the past. As we look further and further away, we see things from epochs (times) closer and closer to the limit of time=zero of the Big bang model. And since light travels at the same speed in any direction towards us, we live at the centre of our observable universe.
Shape of the Universe
An important open question of cosmology is the shape of the universe.
Firstly, whether or not the Universe is flat, i.e. whether the Pythagorean theorem for right triangles is valid on the largest scales. Currently, most cosmologists believe that the observable universe is (nearly) flat, just as the Earth is (nearly) flat.
Secondly, whether or not the Universe is multiply connected. The Universe has no spatial boundary (according to the standard Big bang model), but nevertheless may be spatially finite. This can be understood by a two-dimensional analogy: the Earth's surface has no edge, but nonetheless has a finite area. You can also think of a cylinder, and then let your imagination go free of ordinary space and imagine sticking the two ends of the cylinder together, but without bending the cylinder. This too is a two-dimensional space with a finite area, but, differently to the Earth's surface, it is flat, so it may serve as a better model.
Therefore, strictly speaking, we should call the above mentioned stars and galaxies "images" of stars and galaxies, since it is possible that the Universe is finite and so small that we can see once or several times around it, and the real number of physically distinct stars and galaxies could be a little smaller. There are observations underway to determine whether this is true.
Fate of the Universe
Depending on the average density of matter and energy in the Universe, it will either keep on expanding forever or it will be gravitionally slowed and will eventually collapse back on itself in a "big crunch". Currently the evidence suggests not only that there is insufficient mass/energy to cause a recollapse, but that the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating and will accelarate for the whole of eternity, see accelerating universe. For a more detailed discussion of other theories, see the ultimate fate of the Universe.
Multiverse
There is some speculation that multiple universes exist in a higher-level multiverse. For example matter that falls into a black hole in this universe could emerge as a big bang starting another universe. However all such ideas are currently not testable and so cannot be regarded as anything more than speculation.
Other terms
Different words have been used throughout history to denote "all of space", including the equivalents in various languages of "heavens", "cosmos" and "world".
Although words like world and its equivalents in other language now almost always refer to the planet Earth, they used to refer to everything that exists - see for example Copernicus - and still sometimes do (as in "the whole wide world").
When speculating about a multiverse, one often thinks of it as consisting of many "universes" (lower case), our Universe being one of them.
External links
- Richard Powell: An Atlas of the Universe, http://www.anzwers.org/free/universe/index.html. A series of images at various scales, with explanations.
- Age of the Universe at Space.Com
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Universe."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, and particularly in applications to set theory and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is, roughly speaking, a class that is large enough to contain (in some sense) all of the sets that one may wish to use.
In a specific context
There are several precise versions of this general idea. Perhaps the simplest is that any set can be a universe, so long as you are studying that particular set. So if you're studying the real numbers, then the real line R, which is the set of all real numbers, could be your universe. Implicitly, this is the universe that Georg Cantor was using when he first developed modern naive set theory and cardinality in the 1870s and 1880s in applications to real analysis. The only sets that Cantor was originally interested in were subsets of R.
This concept of a universe is reflected in the use of Venn diagrams. In a Venn diagram, the action traditionally takes place inside a large rectangle that represents the universe U. One generally says that sets are represented by circles; but these sets can only be subsets of U. The complement of a set A is then given by that portion of the rectangle outside of A's circle. Strictly speaking, this is the relative complement U \\ A of A relative to U; but in a context where U is the universe, we can regard this as this as the absolute complement AC of A. Similarly, we have a notion of the nullary intersection, that is the intersection of zero sets. Without a universe, the nullary intersection would be the set of absolutely everything, which is generally regarded as impossible; but with the universe in mind, we can treat the nullary intersection as the set of everything under consideration, which is simply U.
These conventions are quite useful in the algebraic approach to basic set theory, based on Boolean lattices. Except in some non-standard forms of axiomatic set theory (such as New Foundations, the class of all sets is not a Boolean lattice (it is only a relatively complemented lattice). In contrast, the class of all subsets of U, called the power set of U, is a Boolean lattice. The absolute complement described above the is complement operation in the Boolean lattice; and U, as the nullary intersection, serves as the top element (or nullary meet) in the Boolean lattice. Then De Morgan's laws, which deal with complements of meets and joins (which are unionss in set theory) apply, and apply even to the nullary meet and the nullary join (which is the empty set).
In ordinary mathematics
However, once you consider subsets of a given set X (in Cantor's case, X = R), you may become interested in sets of subsets of X. (For example, a topology on X is a set of subsets of X.) The various sets of subsets of X will not themselves be subsets of X but will instead be subsets of PX, the power set of X. Of course, it doesn't stop there; you might next be interested in sets of sets of subsets of X, and so on. In another direction, you may become interested in the Cartesian product X × X, or in functions from X to itself. Then you might want functions on the Cartesian product, or from X to X × PX, and so on.
Thus even if your primary interest is X, you may well want your universe to be quite a bit larger than X. Following the above ideas, you may want the superstructure over X. This can be defined by structural recursion as follows:
Then the superstructure S over X is the union of S0, S1, S2, and so on; or
- Let S0 be X itself.
- Let S1 be the union of X and PX.
- Let S2 be the union of S1 and PS1.
- In general, let Sn+1 be the union of Sn and PSn.
The superstructure over X may also be called SX to make the dependence on X clear.
Note that no matter what set X you start with, the empty set {} will belong to S1. Recall that the empty set is the von Neumann ordinal [0]. Then {[0]}, the set whose only element is the empty set, will belong to S2; this is the von Neumann ordinal [1]. Similarly, {[1]} will belong to S3, and thus so will {[0],[1]}, as the union of {[0]} and {[1]}; this is the von Neumann ordinal [2]. Continuing this process, every natural number is represented in the superstructure by its von Neumann ordinal. Next, if x and y belong to the superstructure, then so does , which represents the ordered pair (x,y). Thus the superstructure will contain the various desired Cartesian products. Then the superstructure also contains functions and relationss, since these may be represented as subsets of Cartesian products. We also get ordered n-tuples, represented as functions whose domain is the von Neumann ordinal [n]. And so on.
So if you start with just X = {}, then you can build up a great deal of the sets needed for mathematics as the elements of the superstructure over {}. But all of the elements of S{} will be finite sets! All of the natural numbers belong to it, but the set N of all natural numbers does not (although it is a subset of S{}). In fact, the superstructure over X consists of all of the hereditarily finite sets. As such, it can be considered the universe of finitist mathematics. Speaking anachronistically, we could suggest that the 19th-century finitist Leopold Kronecker was working in this universe; he believed that each natural number existed but that the set N (a "completed infinity") did not.
However, S{} is unsatisfactory for ordinary mathematicians (who are not finitists), because even though N may be available as a subset of S{}, still the power set of N is not. In particular, arbitrary sets of real numbers are not available. So we may have to start the process all over again and form SS{}. However, to keep things simple, let's just take the set N of natural numbers as given and form SN, the superstructure over N. This is often considered the universe of ordinary mathematics. The idea is that all of the mathematics that is ordinarily studied refers to elements of this universe. For example, any of the usual constructions of the real numbers (say by Dedekind cuts) will belong to SN. Even nonstandard analysis can be done in the superstructure over a nonstandard model of the natural numbers.
One should note a slight shift in philosophy from the previous section, where the universe was any set U of interest. There, the sets being studied were subsets of the universe; now, they are members of the universe. Thus although PS is a Boolean lattice, what is relevant is that S itself is not. Consequently, it is rare to apply the notions of Boolean lattices and Venn diagrams directly to the superstructure universe as they were to the power-set universes of the previous section. Instead, one can work with the individual Boolean lattices PA, where A is any relevant set belonging to S; then PA is a subset of S (and in fact belongs to S).
In set theory
We can give a precise meaning to the claim that SN is the universe of ordinary mathematics; it is a model of Zermelo set theory, the axiomatic set theory originally developed by Ernst Zermelo in 1908. Zermelo set theory was successful precisely because it was capable of axiomatising "ordinary" mathematics, fulfilling the programme begun by Cantor over 30 years earlier. But Zermelo set theory proved insufficient for the further development of axiomatic set theory and other work in the foundations of mathematics, especially model theory. For a dramatic example, the description of the superstructure process above cannot itself be carried out in Zermelo set theory! The final step, forming S as a infinitary union, requires the axiom of replacement, which was added to Zermelo set theory in 1922 to form Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, the set of axioms most widely accepted today. So while ordinary mathematics may be done in SN, discussion of SN goes beyond the "ordinary".
- Transfinite iteration of the superstructure yields Goedel's constructible universe L
- Von Neumann universes Vα and the axiom of constructibility
- Inaccessible cardinals yield models of ZF and sometimes additional axioms
In category theory
- Set-like toposes
- Grothendieck universes
- Relation to inaccessible cardinals
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Universe (mathematics)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Universe is one of the top contenders in the 3D / computer graphics arena, published by Electric Image. This software suite is often used in the film and TV industry, though it gets far less publicity than Maya (by Alias wavefront).The current version, Universe 5 was released on September 25, 2002. It has:
3D Modeler (EIM):
Animation Package (EIA)
- ACIS modeling
- ubernurbs
- LAWS (Based on parametric formulas)
Rendering App (Camera)
- Uses FACT Model format
- Has Function Curve editor
Network Rendering (Renderama)
- Phong
- Raytracing
- Radiosity
- Cross-platform rendering (Windows/OS 9/OS X)
- Multi processor support
External links
- http://www.electricimage.com/
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Universe (software)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
UNIVERSE | English | Large scale demonstrators for global,open distributed library services | Computing, Information |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: UniverseSynonyms: cosmos (n), creation (n), existence (n), macrocosm (n), population (n), universe of discourse (n), world (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Perpetuity | Adverb: perpetually; Adjective: always, ever, evermore, aye; for ever, for aye, till the end of the universe, forevermore, forever and a day, for ever and ever; in all ages, from age to age; without end; world without end, time without end; in secula seculorum; to the end of time, to the crack of doom, to the "last syllable of recorded time"; till doomsday; constantly; (very frequently). |
World | Noun: world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe, wide world; cosmos; kosmos; terraqueous globe, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm; music of the spheres. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | That's sure going to change the Miss Universe contest (Contact; writing credit: Carl Sagan;) Others can read the ingredients on a chewing gum wrapper and unlock the secrets of the universe. (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster) The Crelons are the Backstreet Boys of the universe. What'd they do, throw snowballs at you (Men in Black II; writing credit: Lowell Cunningham; Robert Gordon) Somehow they managed to get every creep and freak in the universe on this one plane (Con Air; writing credit: Scott Rosenberg) Pepperland is a tickle of joy on the blue belly of the universe. It must be scratched (Yellow Submarine; writing credit: Al Brodax; Jack Mendelsohn) | |
Lyrics | And the planets of the universe (Planets Of The Universe; performing artist: Stevie Nicks; writing credit: Stevie Nicks) Turnaround, Every now and then I know there's no one in the universe as magical and wondrous as you (TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE HEART; performing artist: Bonnie Tyler) I would be the sunlight in your universe ("Change the World"; performing artist: Eric Clapton) Universe is full of stars (Impressive Instant; performing artist: Madonna; writing credit: Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzai) The universe was ours (Your Wildest Dreams; performing artist: The Moody Blues) | |
Clever | I'm astounded by people who want to 'know' the universe when it's hard enough to find your way around Chinatown. (references; author: Woody Allen) I feel like I'm diagonally parked in a parallel universe. (references; author: unknown) Life lesson: The most powerful force in the universe is gossip. (references; author: unknown) The Miss Universe pageant is fixed. All the winners are from Earth. (references; author: unknown) A penny will hide the biggest star in the universe if you hold it close enough to your eye. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Child of the Universe (1973) To the Edge of the Universe (1969) Zero in the Universe (1966) | |
Song Titles | Party at the End of the Universe (performing artist: Honey Would You Be Meshuga Tonite?) Planets Of The Universe (performing artist: Stevie Nicks) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Hubble Reopens Eye on the Universe. Credit: NASA. |  | In a change of venue from peering at the distant universe, the Hubble telescope has taken a ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Expanding its broadcast universe far beyond the Baltimore area and into cyberspace, the ... Credit: NASA. |  | It's a very big universe out there, and an astronomer's work is never done when it comes to ... Credit: NASA. |
 | The Hubble telescope reopened its "eye" on the universe following a successful December 1999 ... Credit: NASA. |  | In the most active starburst region in the local universe resides a cluster of brilliant, ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Peering halfway across the universe to analyze light from exploded stars that died long before ... Credit: NASA. |  | This narrow, deep view of the universe reveals a plethora of faint galaxies, as seen in ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Confirming the presence of yet another super-massive black hole in the universe, astronomers ... Credit: NASA. |  | Analyzing the pictures of some of the most distant galaxies in the universe, astronomers are ... Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Auguste Comte | The universe displays no proof of an all-directing mind. |
Charles Lamb | The beggar is the only person in the universe not obliged to study appearance. |
Cyrano de Bergerac | Perish the universe, so long I have my revenge. |
Heraclitus | Even sleepers are workers and collaborators on what goes on in the universe. |
Jean De La Fontaine | He knows the universe and does not know himself. |
John Muir | The clearest way into the universe is through a forest wilderness. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Once you make a decision, the universe conspires to make it happen. |
Thomas Carlyle | The first sin in our universe was Lucifer's self conceit. |
Walter Savage Landor | Taken as a whole, the universe is absurd. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Such god-like princes indeed had some title to arbitrary power by that argument, that would prove absolute monarchy the best government, as that which God himself governs the universe by; because such kings partake of his wisdom and goodness. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
So Long, and Thanks For All the Fish | Douglas Adams | "It's just the Universe I'm never quite sure about." |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Its outbursts, its great days, its masterpieces, its prodigies, its epics fly to the ends of the universe, and so do its cock and bull stories also |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | They were all in different countries and the countries were in continents and the continents were in the world and the world was in the universe. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | On the 26th day of October, we arrived at the metropolis, called in their language Lorbrulgrud, or Pride of the Universe. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Both place and time were changed, and I dwelt nearer to those parts of the universe and to those eras in history which had most attracted me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | These factors are representative of the universe of considerations that comprise clinical judgment. (references) | |
Business | The universe of prospective end-users for computer and related equipment products and services is large and growing larger. (references) | |
Again, with ownership of the mobile users’ SIM cards and an existing billing infrastructure the mobile operator is perfectly positioned to accept this role as the central body within the m-commerce universe. (references) | ||
The firm plans to roll out a Short Messages Service (SMS) platform in the next few months targeted at the younger market, which accounts for some 40 percent of their client base. Digitel recently signed an agreement with Universe On Line (UOL de Venezuela) to offer clients wireless Internet access through its GSM telephone network. (references) | ||
Economic History | Guatemala | Direct marketing is usually more effective in cases where the product is well known or the universe of local buyers is relatively small and easily identifiable, i.e. sugar millers. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RESPIRATOR, n. An apparatus fitted over the nose and mouth of an inhabitant of London, whereby to filter the visible universe in its passage to the lungs. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Art Linkletter | I question it, but it's a big leap of faith. However, there ought to be some reason why we're here and there ought to be some reason why the universe has been built. Things we can't answer, powers that we don't know about. |
Rush Limbaugh | This world and oil are not a cosmic accident. I'm in awe of the universe and its vastness, and for people to think it's an accident blows me away. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | That the Almighty Ruler of the Universe may so direct our deliberations and over-rule our acts as to make us instrumental in securing a result so dear to mankind is my most earnest and sincere prayer. |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | We must realize that human nature is about the most constant thing in the universe and that the essentials of human relationship do not change. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Astronomers build a space telescope that can see to the edge of the universe and possibly back to the moment of creation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Universe" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.62% of the time. "Universe" is used about 2,640 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.62% | 2,630 | 3,480 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.38% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,640 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | Universe Group PLC | USA | Collectors Universe, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "universe": clockwork universe ♦ hub of the Universe ♦ the hub of the universe ♦ the universe ♦ universe of discourse. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "universe": universe-a, universe-and. | |
Ending with "universe": anti-universe, sub-universe. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
miss universe | 27,166 | miss nude universe | 229 |
2003 miss universe | 6,992 | baby universe | 207 |
lyrics universe z | 3,951 | miss universe.com | 201 |
universe | 1,927 | rc universe | 195 |
guitar tab universe | 1,824 | 2003 ms universe | 187 |
miss universe pageant | 1,358 | contest miss universe | 182 |
cd universe | 1,348 | amelia miss universe vega | 165 |
2002 miss universe | 917 | miss universe winner | 163 |
ms universe | 787 | gadget universe | 146 |
best in page universe | 537 | mrs universe | 136 |
master of the universe | 497 | 2003 miss picture universe | 135 |
password universe | 399 | parallel universe | 134 |
tab universe | 363 | hawaii chat universe | 133 |
mr universe | 319 | he man and the master of the universe | 132 |
2003 miss pageant universe | 268 | zelda universe | 131 |
miss universe pagent | 261 | student universe | 128 |
gay universe | 255 | miss picture universe | 122 |
marvel universe | 247 | 2003 contestants miss universe | 122 |
guitar universe | 240 | lyrics universe | 121 |
2003 miss universe winner | 234 | 2001 miss universe | 114 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "universe"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | heelal. (various references) | |
Albanian | univers (macrocosm), kozmos (cosmos, space), gjithësi (cosmos, macrocosm). (various references) | |
Arabic | كون (cosmos, world), عالم دنيا (realm), عالم (expert, hemisphere, kingdom, learned, lettered, province, scholar, walk, world), الكون (being, creation, existence), الجنس البشري (humanity, mankind, the species), البشر (human being, man, mortal, world). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | свят (creation, earth, holy, ineffable, sacred, sainted, saintly, sanctimonious, spiritual, world), космос (cosmos), вселена (cosmos, macrocosm, world). (various references) | |
Chinese | 宙 , 宇宙 (Cosmic, Cosmical, Cosmically), 宇 (room). (various references) | |
Czech | vesmír (cosmos, macrocosm, outer space, space), kosmos (cosmos, outer space). (various references) | |
Danish | kommunikationsrum (universe of discourse). (various references) | |
Dutch | universum, schepping (creature), heelal (cosmos). (various references) | |
Esperanto | universo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | rúmdin, rúmd (room, space), alheimur. (various references) | |
Farsi | کیهان (Cosmos), کون ومکان , کاءنات , گیتی (World), عالم وجود, عالم (Erudite, Orb, Scientist, World), جهان (Macrocosm, World), دهر, دنیا (Macrocosm, Vale, World). (various references) | |
Finnish | populaatio (mendelian population, population), perusjoukko (population), maailmankaikkeus, kaikkeus (cosmos). (various references) | |
French | univers. (various references) | |
Frisian | hielal. (various references) | |
German | Weltall (cosmos, space), Universum, Gesamtheit (aggregate, collectivity, entirety, totality, whole). (various references) | |
Greek | σύμπαν (cosmos, macrocosm, world). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יקום (cosmos, creation, living things, macrocosm, space), תבל (macrocosm, world), עולם (eternity, existence, space, world). (various references) | |
Hungarian | világegyetem (cosmos, macrocosm). (various references) | |
Indonesian | semesta, buana (earth), alam semesta. (various references) | |
Italian | universo (creation). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ユニット分離キャラクタ (UNESCO, unification, unifier, uniform, uniformity, unify, unit separator, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNIVAC, universal, universal space, universal time, Universiade, university), 乾坤 (heaven and earth), 宇宙 (cosmos, space), 宇宙 (cosmos, space). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ユニバース , うちゅう (cosmos, game called off because of rain, in the rain, showeringupon, space), け""" (heaven and earth). (various references) | |
Korean | 우주 (Cosmic, Cosmical, Cosmos). (various references) | |
Manx | & |
