Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Politburo |
PolitburoNoun1. The chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Crosswords: Politburo |
| Non-English Usage: "Politburo" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. French (politburo). |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A Politburo is short for Political Bureau from the German Politbüro and is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably for the Communist Parties. Under Marxism-Leninism the party is seen as the "vanguard of the people" and therefore usually has the power to control the state, and the non-state party officials in the politburo generally hold extreme power.
In the Soviet Union for example, the General Secretary of the Communist Party did not necessarily hold a state office like president or prime minister to effectively control the system of government. Instead party members answerable to or controlled by the party held these posts, often as honorific posts as a reward for their long years of service to the party. On other occasions, having governed as General Secretary, the party leader might assume a state office in addition. For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to a former Soviet Foreign Minister.
See also:
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Politburo was the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, made up of the top members of the Central Committee. In theory it was the political bureau (hence Politburo) of the Central Committee, elected by them to direct the party between the sessions of the committee and with a mandate that only covered the party. The Politburo was responsible to, and its membership was subject to, the approval of the Central Committee.In reality it oversaw the operations of the Committee and made all major policy decisions, which were then passed down through the Central Committee, the Supreme Soviet and the Party Congress. Its control extended from the Party and into government because Party personnel held all key government posts and party discipline therefore insured that Politburo policy was implementated by all government organizations.
The Politburo was created by Lenin in 1917 to direct the Revolution and following the Eighth Party Congress in 1919 it became and remained the true centre of political power in the Soviet Union.
Members of the Politburo were selected informally by current members through a secret process. The selection was rubber-stamped by the Central Committee. The Politburo had both full and candidate (non-voting) members. The actual size of the Politburo varied, but it usually consisted of fourteen full and eight candidate members. Although it had no formal head, it was always led by the General Secretary of the Party, who was also often head of the Central Committee. A smaller group of Politburo members made up the Politburo Secretariat, a final group of confidants around the General Secretary. No woman ever held full membership.
From 1952 to 1966 the Politburo was called the presidium.
In 1990 the 28th Party Congress agreed to transfer the powers of the Politburo to parliament and the Politburo ceased to exist in August 1991.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Politburo."
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
President Harry S. Truman | I got very well acquainted with Joe Stalin, and I like old Joe! He is a decent fellow. But Joe is a prisoner of the Politburo. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Ultimate authority rests with members of the Politburo. (references) | |
There is currently one woman in the Politburo, and women hold 3 of 41 ministerial-level positions. (references) | ||
Subsequent to the visit, the Communist Party Politburo publicly issued an endorsement of Deng's policies of economic openness. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Cuba | In 1998 the Government announced in a Politburo declaration that henceforth citizens would be allowed to celebrate Christmas as an official holiday. (references) |
China | On December 13, all seven members of the Politburo attended a Party Work Conference on religion. (references) | |
Economic History | Mongolia | In the face of extended street protests in subzero whether and popular demands for faster reform, the politburo of the MPRP resigned in March 1990. In May, the constitution was amended, deleting reference to the MPRP's role as the guiding force in the country, legalizing opposition parties, creating a standing legislative body, and establishing the office of president. (references) |
Political Economy | Cuba | The Communist Party is the only legal political entity, and President Castro personally chooses the membership of the Politburo, the select group that heads the party. (references) |
Vietnam | The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) is a one-Party state controlled by the Vietnamese Communist Party (CPV). The CPV's constitutionally mandated leading role, the occupancy of nearly all senior government positions by party officials, and the Party's extensive network down to the village level and through mass organizations ensures the primacy of guidelines from the Party's ruling group, the Politburo. (references) | |
Political Rights | Cuba | Although blacks and persons of African descent make up more than half the population, they only hold six seats in the Politburo. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Politburo" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.02% of the time. "Politburo" is used about 407 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.02% | 403 | 13,916 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.98% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 407 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "politburo": ex-politburo. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
politburo | 9 |
politburo stalin | 3 |
bear hunting politburo | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "politburo"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | المكتب السياسي. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | "治局 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | politburo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | πολιτικό γραφείο. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 共"党"治局 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | きょうさ"とうせいじきょく. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | olitburopay политбюро. (various references) politburó. (various references) komünist parti yönetim kurulu. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "politburo": politburos. (additional references) | |
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"Politburo" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Politburu. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "b-i-l-o-o-p-r-t-u" | |
-2 letters: potboil. | |
-3 letters: brulot, probit, upboil, uproot. | |
-4 letters: bloop, blurt, broil, bruit, built, lirot, oboli, orbit, orlop, pilot, poilu, polio, poori, poult, robot, topoi, triol, troop, tulip, turbo, uplit. | |
-5 letters: birl, blip, blot, blur, boil, bolo, bolt, boor, boot, bort, bout, brio, brit, broo, brut, burl, burp, litu, lobo, loop, loot, loti, loup, lour, lout. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-i-l-o-o-p-r-t-u" | |
+1 letter: politburos. | |
+5 letters: claustrophobia, claustrophobic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 6F 6C 69 74 62 75 72 6F |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. --- .-.. .. - -... ..- .-. --- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01101111 01101100 01101001 01110100 01100010 01110101 01110010 01101111 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P o l i t b u r o |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 006F 006C 0069 0074 0062 0075 0072 006F |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)508178758668878481 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Arabic | معجم, قاموس, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان | العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, 阿拉伯 , arabe, αραβικόσ, арабский, árabe, arapça, arap, araplara özgü |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , Chinois, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , китайский, китаец, chino, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | اللغة الفرنسية, فرنسي, الشعب الفرنسي, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, français, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , французский, francés, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, الإغريقي, 希腊语, 希臘語 , grec, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", греческий, грек, griego, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , Japonais, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", японский, японец, japonés, Japonca |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , Japonais, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", японский, японец, japonés, Japonca |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | روسي, اللغة الروسية, الروسية, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, Ρώσος, ロシア語 , ロシア", русский, ruso, Rusça |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, espagnol, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , испанский, español, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turque, τούρκικοσ, турецкий, turco, türkçe, türk |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglais, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, английский, inglés, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Familiar | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
