Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Navigator |
NavigatorNoun1. The ship's officer in charge of navigation. 2. The member of an aircrew who is responsible for the aircraft's course. 3. In earlier times, a person who explored by ship. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "navigator" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1813. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Navigator Netscape Navigator. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Occupations | Locates position and directs course of airplane on international flights, using navigational aids, such as charts, maps, sextant, and slide rule: Establishes position of airplane by use of navigation instruments and charts, celestial observation, or dead reckoning. Directs deviations from course required by weather conditions, such as wind drifts and forecasted atmospheric changes. Utilizes navigation aids, such as radio beams and beacons, when available. Keeps log of flight. Must be licensed by Federal Aviation Administration. (references) |
Transportation | The crew member responsible for navigation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- This article concerns navigation in the sense of determination of position and direction on the surface of the Earth.
- For fundamentals of navigation (not only the engineering aspects) see navigation research.
- For navigation in the sense of all aspects of travel in ships and boats, especially by sea, see seamanship.
The word is from the Latin navis, ship, and agere, to drive. The Sanskrit word navgatih probably shares roots with the Latin equivalents.
There are two great traditions of navigation, Western and Polynesian.
Polynesian Navigation
The Polynesian navigators routinely crossed thousands of miles of open ocean, to tiny inhabited islands, using only their own senses and knowledge.
In Eastern Polynesia, navigators, in order to locate directions at various times of day and year, memorized extensive facts concerning:
These, and canoe construction methods, were kept as guild secrets. Generally each island maintained a guild of navigators who had very high status, since in times of famine or difficulty, only they could trade for aid or evacuate people.
- stars
- weather
- times of travel
- wildlife species (which congregate at particular positions)
- directions of swells
- colors of the sea
- angles for approaching harbors
The guild secrets might have been lost, had not one of the last living navigators trained a professional small boat captain so that he could write a book.
Western Navigation
Modern Methods
There are several different methods of navigation, including but not limited to:Traditional maritime navigation uses multiple redundant sources of position information to locate the ship's position. A navigator starts with dead reckoning based on the ship's logged course and speed. Using this estimated position, the navigator will select several other objects at known locations and measure their bearing. The lines of position can be plotted on a map, with the point where they cross being the ship's current location. Addition lines of position can be measured in order to validate the results taken against other objects. This is known as a fix.
- pilotage
- dead reckoning
- celestial navigation
- radio navigation
- satellite navigation system
Early navigation required visual fixes with land, forcing all ships to stay close to shore. The development of accurate systems for taking lines of position based on the measurement of stars and planets with the sextant allowed ships to navigate the open ocean. Later developments included the addition of lighthouses and buoys close to shore to add more accurate information when approaching land after a long sea voyage. Eventually the addition of radio beacons and radio direction finders allowed for accurate land-based fixes even hundreds of miles from shore.
Traditional navigation systems were based on observation of the relative position of the Sun, Moon and stars. Navigators could determine their latitude by measuring the sun's angle over the southern horizon (if the ship was north of the sun's declination) at noon, and comparing that to the known angle at the same date at their home port. Conceptually they could determine their longitude by measuring the angle over the eastern or western horizon at noon, but to do so would require a much more accurate determination of "noon" – the sun moves north and south only a degree or so per hour near noon, but contines to move to the west at 15 degrees per hour, making it considerably more difficult to determine when it reaches "the top". The determination of longitude thus became a technological issue, requiring the development of an accurate shipborne chronometer that could tell them exactly when noon was. The need for accurate navigation led to the development of progressively more accurate clocks.
In modern celestial navigation, a navigational almanac and trigonometric sight-reduction tables permit navigators to measure the Sun, Moon, visible planets or any of 57 navigational stars at any time of day or night. From a single sight, a time within a second and an estimated position, a position can be determined within a third of a mile. The math required for navigation is simple addition and subtraction, if sight-reduction tables are available. The numerous celestial objects permit navigators to shoot through holes in clouds. Most navigation is performed with the sun and moon.
Time is measured with a chronometer, a quartz watch or a short wave radio broadcast from an atomic clock.
A quartz wristwatch normally keeps time within a half-second per day. If it is worn constantly, keeping it near body heat, its rate of drift can be measured with the radio, and by compensating for this drift, a navigator can keep time to better than a second per month.
Traditionally, three chronometers are kept in gimbals in a dry room near the center of the ship, and used to set a watch for the actual sight, so that no chronometers are ever risked to the elements. Winding the chronometers was a crucial duty of the navigator.
The angle is measured with a special optical instrument called a "sextant." Sextants use two mirrors to cancel the relative motion of the sextant. During a sight, the user's view of the star and horizon remains steady as the boat rocks. An arm moves a split image of the star relative to the split image of the horizon, When the image of the star touches the horizon, the angle can be read from the sextant's scale. Some sextants create an artificial horizon by reflecting a bubble. Inexpensive plastic sextants are available, though they have less accuracy than the more expensive metal models.
Automated navigation systems are almost all based on measuring the time-of-flight of radio waves using the well-known speed of light to measure distance from a number of points. This is possible because of the widespread availability of clocks with high precision and stability.
History
In the West, navigation was at first performed exclusively by dead-reckoning, the process of estimating one's present position based on the navigators' experience with wind, tide and currents.
Most sailors have always been able find absolute north from the stars, which rotate around Polaris, or by using a dual sundial called a diptych.
When combined with a plumb bob, some diptychs could also determine latitude. Basically, when the diptych's two sundials indicated the same time, the diptych was aligned to the current latitude and true north.
Another early invention was the compass rose, a cross or painted panel of wood oriented with the pole star or diptych. This was placed in front of the helmsman.
Latitude was determined with a "cross staff" an instrument vaguely similar to a carpenter's angle with graduated marks on it. Most sailors could use this instrument to take sun sights, but master navigators knew that sightings of Polaris were far more accurate, because they were not subject to time-keeping errors involved in finding noon.
Time-keeping was by precision hourglasses, filled and tested to 1/4 of an hour, turned by the helmsman, or a young boy brought for that purpose.
The most important instrument was a navigators' diary, later called a rutter. These were often crucial trade secrets, because they enabled travel to lucrative ports.
The above instruments were a powerful technology, and appear to have been the technique used by ancient Cretan bronze-age trading empire. Using these techniques, masters successfully sailed from the eastern Mediterranean to the south coast of the British Isles.
Some time later, around 300, the magnetic compass was invented in China. This let masters continue sailing a course when the weather limited visibility of the sky.
Around 400, metallurgy allowed construction of astrolabes graduated in degrees, which replaced the wooden latitude instruments for night use. Diptychs remained in use during the day, until shadowing astrolabes were constructed.
After Newton published the Principia, navigation was transformed. Starting in 1670, the entire world was measured using essentially modern latitude instruments and the best available clocks.
In 1730 the sextant was invented and navigators rapidly replaced their astrolabes. A sextant uses mirrors to measure the altitude of celestial objects with regard to the horizon. Thus, its "pointer" is as long as the horizon is far away. This eliminates the "cosine" error of an astrolabe's short pointer. Modern sextants measure to 0.2 minutes of arc, an error that translates to a distance of about 0.2 nautical miles.
At first, the best available "clocks" were the moons of Jupiter, and the calculated transits of selected stars by the moon. These methods were too complex to be used by any but skilled astronomers, but they sufficed to map most of the world. A number of scientific journals during this period were started especially to chronicle geography.
Later, mechanical chronometers enabled navigation at sea and in the air using relatively unskilled procedures.
In the late 19th Century Nikolai Tesla invented radio and direction-finding was quickly adapted to navigation. Up until 1960 it was commonplace for ships and aircraft to use radio direction-finding on commercial stations in order to locate islands and cities within the last several miles of error.
Around 1960, Loran was developed. This used time-of-flight of radio waves from antennas at known locations. It revolutionized navigation by permitting semiautomated equipment to locate geographic positions to less than a half mile. An analogous system for aircraft, VOR and DME, was developed around the same time.
At about the same, TRANSIT, the first satellite-based navigation system was developed. It was the first electronic navigation system to provide global coverage.
Other radionavigation systems include:
In 1974, the first GPS satellite was launched. The GPS system now permits accurate geographic location with an error of only a few metres, and precision timing to less than a microsecond. GLONASS is a positioning system launched by the Soviet Union. It relies on a slightly different geodesic model of the Earth. Galileo is a competing system, that will be placed into service by the European Union.
- Decca
- Omega, a longwave system developed by the United States Navy
- Alpha, a longwave system developed by the Soviet Union
Further Wikipedia References
See also:
- Satellite navigation system
- Global Positioning System
- GLONASS Positioning System
- Galileo positioning system
- Decca Navigation System
- Loran
- chronometer
- sextant
- Nautical chart
- Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, a scientifc editor and astronomer, first located many places geographically.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Navigation."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Netscape Navigator is a web browser that once dominated the market but is now hardly more than a niche product.Netscape began as the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corporation and was loosely based on Mosaic. When the consumer Internet revolution arrived in the mid to late 1990s, Netscape was well positioned to take advantage of it. With a good mix of features and an attractive licensing scheme that allowed free use for non-commercial purposes, the Netscape browser soon became the de facto-standard, particularly on the Windows platform. Internet service providers and computer magazine publishers helped make Navigator readily available.
Through the late 1990s, Netscape made sure that Navigator remained the technical leader amongst web browsers. Important new features included frames (version 2.0), cookies, and JavaScript (version 3.0). Although those and other innovations eventually became W3C standards and were copied by other browsers, they were often controversial. Netscape, according to critics, was more interested in bending the web to its own de facto standards (and thus marginalising the commercial competition) than it was in improving user experience of the Navigator product. Consumer rights advocates were particularly critical of the ability to invade individual privacy that cookies gave to commercial websites.
The Browser Wars
In the marketplace, however, these concerns had little effect; Netscape Navigator remained the unchallenged leader with approximately 90% market share. Eventually, however, Microsoft entered the browser business. With the stated intention to "cut off Netscape's air supply", Microsoft released their own Internet Explorer, and soon made it a free (and in fact compulsory) part of Windows 95. Starved of revenue, the Netscape company was eventually sold to giant media conglomerate AOL.
Netscape Navigator 1.22 screenshot (magnify)Internet Explorer, initially clearly inferior to Navigator, improved rapidly. Version 3.0 (1996) was a usable substitute, and version 5.0 (1998) was very large and bloated by the standards of the day but superior in almost all respects. Meanwhile, Netscape's own browser development stagnated. Distracted by commercial considerations, Netscape's coders made only minor changes to Navigator, and worked away on the Netscape Communicator project - a major re-write of Navigator that added email and HTML composition modules.
When Communicator was eventually released, the new features were largely ignored by users, but the size increase and speed reduction were noted. More and more people switched to Internet Explorer - which was no smaller but was at least more stable in 5.0 form, and faster in two different senses: much of the program load time was disguised by having Windows pre-load Explorer code at system boot time; and the Internet Explorer page rendering engine was better at drawing complex pages (especially ones composed of nested HTML tables).
By the end of the decade, Navigator had unquestionably lost its former dominance on the Windows platform. Even on other platforms it was threatened, both by the gradual rise of open source browsers and by the August 1997 agrement that resulted in an investment of $150,000,000 by Microsoft in Apple, which included a requirement that Apple switch their default browser from Netscape to Explorer. (An earlier, and perhaps more severe blow had been AOL's switch into the Microsoft camp - this was before AOL bought Netscape.) Underlying all of this, though, was the massive and ultimately successful campaign to get ISPs to distribute Explorer instead of Netscape, and web developers to incorporate proprietary, Microsoft-only code in web pages.
The elderly Navigator 4.x code just couldn't keep up. Typical web pages had become graphics-heavy, often Java-intensive, and were constructed with masses of extraordinarily complex HTML code that used constructs designed for specific narrow purposes and redeployed them as global layout tools - in particular this applied to HTML tables, which Navigator struggled to render. Netscape, once regarded as a reasonably solid product, came to be seen as crash-prone and buggy.
The open source revolution
In 1998, Netscape bowed to the inevitable and abandoned the effort to make the browser a paying commercial product. Instead, Netscape split off most of the Navigator code and put it under an open source license as Mozilla. In the short-term, this achieved nothing. After the code was branched, it was decided to abandon the attempt to drag the elderly Netscape core into the 21st century, and the Mozilla team took on the massive task of completely rewriting the browser code from scratch. The decision was criticized by some observers on the grounds that it allowed Microsoft to win the browser war on the Windows platform. Others believed that the war was already lost in any case, and that it was better to create a new and more capable product before returning to the fray.
Netscape Navigator 7.0.2 screenshot (magnify)With much fanfare, Netscape's new owners AOL released Netscape 6 on November 14, 2000, based on early Mozilla code. The product was a massive disappointment: it was huge, slow, unstable, and (in the eyes of most) visually unappealing. This was not surprising as the Mozilla core itself was nowhere near release-ready and itself unstable.
Netscape 6.1, released in 2001, addressed the stability problems, but was otherwise unimproved and could not overcome Netscape 6's bad reputation. It was generally ignored by the market.
In 2002, AOL released Netscape 7. It was based on a very stable Mozilla core and bundled with extras like integrated AOL Instant Messenger, integrated ICQ and Radio@Netscape. It remains to be seen how the market will respond to a product that is essentially an older, slower, and much bigger version of Mozilla with integrated tools to access proprietary services owned by AOL, particularly now that there are competent non-Microsoft alternatives in Opera and Mozilla.
On the Windows platform, Netscape Navigator is a minor player. There is some use of recent versions, but most remaining Netscape use under Windows is by people who steadfastly refuse to switch from the elderly 4.x (the newer browsers generally require more powerful machines for a decent performance). On other platforms, particularly ones like Linux which do not have Internet Explorer bundled, Netscape remained the dominant browser for much longer. Only in the last year or two has the rise of alternatives like Mozilla, Konqueror and Amaya given it strong competition.
AOL announced on July 15th, 2003 that they had or intended to cut all remaining "Mozilla hackers" responsible for the Netscape browser releases. Combined with AOL's agreement with Microsoft to use its Internet Explorer in future versions of its AOL Software, the Netscape name and continue to face challenges, although its spirit is still going strong in Mozilla.
The development of the Netscape browser and the company was described in the book Netscape Time by Jim Clark and Owen Edwards (Hardcover ISBN 0312199341; Paperback ISBN 0312263619).
The current version (since June 2003) is 7.1 which is based on the Mozilla 1.4 code.
Version history
- Mosaic Netscape 0.9 - October 13, 1994
- Netscape Navigator 1.0 - December 15, 1994
- Netscape Navigator 2.0 - September 18, 1995
- Netscape Navigator 3.0 - August 19, 1996
- Netscape Navigator 3.04 - October 4, 1997
- Netscape Navigator 4.0 - June 1997
- Netscape Navigator 4.06 - August 17, 1998
- Netscape Navigator 4.08 - November 9, 1998 (Last stand-alone Navigator; Last Netscape release for 16-bit Windows and 68k Macs)
- Netscape Communicator 4.5 - October 19, 1998
- Netscape Communicator 4.61 - June 14, 1999
- Netscape Communicator 4.7 - September 30, 1999
- Netscape Communicator 4.79 - 2001
- Netscape Communicator 4.8 - August 22, 2002
- Netscape 6.0, 6.01 - November 14, 2000 (Based on Mozilla M18; First to use Mozilla code)
- Netscape 6.1 - August 8, 2001 (Based on Mozilla 0.9.2.1)
- Netscape 6.2, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3 (Based on Mozilla 0.9.4.1)
- Netscape 7.0 - August 29, 2002 (Based on Mozilla 1.0.1)
- Netscape 7.01 - December 10, 2002 (Based on Mozilla 1.0.2)
- Netscape 7.02 - February 18, 2003 (Based on Mozilla 1.0.2)
- Netscape 7.1 - June 30, 2003 (Based on Mozilla 1.4)
External links
- Netscape Browser Central
- Netscape Archived Browser Products - Versions 2.0x to 7.02
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Netscape Navigator."
Synonym: NavigatorSynonym: sailing master (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Mariner | Noun: sailor, mariner, navigator; seaman, seafarer, seafaring man; dock walloper; tar, jack tar, salt, able seaman, A. B.; man-of-war's man, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, marine, jolly, midshipman, middy; skipper; shipman, boatman, ferryman, waterman, lighterman, bargeman, longshoreman; bargee, gondolier; oar, oarsman; rower; boatswain, coxswain; steersman, pilot; crew. |
Aerial navigator, aeronaut, balloonist, Icarus; aeroplanist, airman, aviator, birdman, man-bird, wizard of the air, aviatrix, flier, pilot, test pilot, glider pilot, bush pilot, navigator, flight attendant, steward, stewardess, crew; astronaut, cosmonaut; parachutist, paratrooper. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You have a young navigator here (Airport; writing credit: Arthur Hailey; George Seaton) You leave your navigator lying around, naturally somebody is going to run over him. (Death Race 2000; writing credit: Ib Melchior; Robert Thom) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Navigator (1924) Flight of the Navigator (1986) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Francis X. Popper in the Philippines Regimental navigator for Army amphibious engineers. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | B-17 used for aerial photography following WWII This was the last operational B-17- dubbed "Old Rotten Wings" by aircraft crew Flown by Coast Guard crew with C&GS navigator and cameraman. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Ardo X. Meyer, traverse navigator and geomagnetic observer, celebrating at South Pole Station after completing traverse and two months on the ice cap. McMurdo Station to South Pole traverse. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | McMurdo Station to South Pole Station traverse crew. Ardo Meyer, magnetic observer and navigator was second from left in back row. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Navigator Fitch at the navigator station. Credit: Flying With NOAA. |  | Illustration 2. Recovery of the triangular fish trap. Drawn by Louis Tinayre and engraved by Duplessis; taken from "The Career of a Navigator", the work of Prince Albert I of Monaco, third edition published in 1914. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle, USAAF, (center) with members of his flight crew and Chinese officials in China after the 18 April 1942 attack on Japan. Those present are (from left to right): Staff Sergeant Fred A. Braemer, Bombardier; Staff Sergeant Paul J. Leonard, Flight Engineer/Gunner; General Ho, director of the Branch Government of Western Chekiang Province; Lieutenant Richard E. Cole, Copilot; Lt.Col. Doolittle, Pilot and mission commander; Henry H. Shen, bank manager; Lieutenant Henry A. Potter, Navigator; Chao Foo Ki, secretary of the Western Chekiang Province Branch Government. Credit: NAVY. |  | Navigator of airplane in compartment of a modern aircraft, Bright Field, Ohio] / U.S.A.A.F. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | U.S.S. Solace, navigator. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Conversion. Metal screens to bomber windows. Experience in gas-welding light metal frames for an Eastern window screen manufacturer was an valuable asset to many employees when the company began producing navigator windows for American bombers. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Navigator ipod 1" by Balázs Kovács Commentary: "Small nav. pda via GPS." | "Navigator" by Jana Werner Commentary: "Enjoy!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Cockpit; pilot; copilot; navigator; air travel; airplane; jet; airlines; airline. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Other factors include availability of on-line services through the Internet; user-friendly access to data imported through electronic mail; unique user interface (Web Navigator) for all professionals; and utilization of a standard IP protocol that ensures the continuity of the system. (references) | |
Economic History | Tanzania | The Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama explored the East African coast in 1498 on his voyage to India. (references) |
Argentina | Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solias visited what is now Argentina in 1516. Spain established a permanent colony on the site of Buenos Aires in 1580, although initial settlement was primarily overland from Peru. (references) | |
Democratic Republic of Congo | Discovered in 1482 by Portuguese navigator Diego Cao and later explored by English journalist Henry Morton Stanley, the area was officially colonized in 1885 as a personal possession of Belgian King Leopold II as the Congo Free State. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bill Maher | Well the pretense they're all named Explorer and Navigator and Aviator and Tracker like you're Daniel Boone. Please, you're going to McDonald's to get a McRib in the thing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Navigator" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.86% of the time. "Navigator" is used about 214 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 94.86% | 203 | 21,393 |
| Noun (proper) | 5.14% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Total | 100.00% | 214 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "navigator": air navigator ♦ Decca navigator system ♦ flight navigator ♦ global Network Navigator ♦ Netscape Navigator. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "navigator": ap-navigator. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "navigator"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | timonier (Cox, coxswain, helmsman, pilot, steersman, wheelsman), shturman (navigating officer, sailing master), lundërtar (bargee, boatman, punter, sailor, seafarer, seaman, voyager). (various references) | |
Arabic | ملاح (boatman, mariner, sailor, salt, seafarer, seaman, tar), الملاح المستكشف, ربان (boatswain, captain, master, pilot, rabbi, skipper), بحار (gob, man of arms, mariner, rating, sailor, sea man, seafarer, seaman, seasickness). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | щурман (navigating officer, sailing master, steersman, wheelman, wheelsman), кормчия (coxswain, helmsman, man at the helm, navigating officer, pilot, steersman), навигатор (navigating officer), моряк (flatfoot, hearty, jolly, mariner, sailor, seafarer, seafaring man, seaman, shipman, swab, tar, tarpaulin), мореплавател (sailor, seafarer, seaman). (various references) | |
Chinese | 航海者 , 導航員 , 导航员. (various references) | |
Czech | navigátor, mořeplavec (seafarer). (various references) | |
Danish | flyvenavigatør (flight navigator). (various references) | |
Dutch | navigator, luchtvaartnavigator (flight navigator). (various references) | |
Farsi | هدایت گر, کشتیران , دریانورد (Seafarer, Seagoing, Shipman, Shipper). (various references) | |
Finnish | suunnistaja (flight navigator), merenkulkija (seafarer). (various references) | |
French | navigateur. (various references) | |
German | Seemann (mariner, sailor, seaman), Seefahrer (mariner, sailor, seafarer), navigator (navigation officer). (various references) | |
Greek | αεροναυτίλος (flight navigator). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מנוט, הגאי (steersman), נתב (pilot, tracker), נוט (pilot, steersman). (various references) | |
Hungarian | navigátor (navigating officer), tengerész (gob, marine, mariner, matelot, ordinary seaman, sailor, seafarer, seafaring man, seaman, swiss admiral, tar). (various references) | |
Indonesian | navigator. (various references) | |
Italian | navigatore (sailer, sailor, seafarer). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ナパーム弾 (big-headed, caller ID, closest to pin, egotist, knee, knee-high socks, knee-length, knowledge, knowledge engineering, licence plate, NAFTA, Namibia, Nanking, Napa Valley, napalm bomb, naphtha, Naphthalin, napkin, Naples, napoleon, napolitain, narcism, Narcisse, narcissism, narcissist, narcist, narodniki, narration, narrator, narrow silhouette, narrow-band, narrowcasting, National Leaque, Navstar, near pin, near-miss, neat, need, needle, needs, Nicaragua, nice, Nichrome, Nielsen, niobium, nonsense, nonsense comedy, nourish, nourishing cream, nourishment, number, number display, number eight, number one, number plate, numbering, numbering machine, nymphe, stuck-up person). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ナビゲーター . (various references) | |
Korean | 항해자 (seafarer). (various references) | |
Manx | stiureyder (conductor, controller, coxswain, director, helmsman, manipulator, pilot, regulator, steersman, superintendent, supervisor), maraidagh, lhuingysser. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | avigatornay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | navegador (navigating, navigating officer, pilot, seafaring, seaman, voyager). (various references) | |
Romanian | navigator (seafarer), pilot (airman, man at the wheel, pile, pilot, steerer), marinar (blue, Jack, mariner, sailor, seafaring man, seaman), explorator (explorer, pathfinder). (various references) | |
Russian | навигатор. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | navigator, moreplovac (circumnavigator, sailor, seafarer). (various references) | |
Spanish | navegante (journeyman, navigating officer, sailor, seafarer). (various references) | |
Swedish | navigatör. (various references) | |
Thai | นักเดินทางสำรวจทะเล, ต้นหน. (various references) | |
Turkish | gemici (bluejacket, gob, jack tar, mariner, sailor, seafarer, seaman, tar), denizci (gob, krooboy, mariner, sailor, seaman, tar). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | система наведення ракети, штурман, навігаційна система, навігатор, мореплавець (voyager). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | nhà hàng gải, người đi biển. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "navigator": navigators. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "navigator": circumnavigator. (additional references) | |
Words containing "navigator": circumnavigators. (additional references) | |
| |
"Navigator" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: avigator, naviagtor, navigatorium, navigtor. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "navigator" (pronounced na"vugā'ter) |
| 5 | -u g ā' t er | alligator, instigator, interrogator, investigator, irrigator, litigator. |
| 3 | -ā' t er | educator, elevator, accelerator, accumulator, activator, actuator, administrator, agitator, allocator, alternator, animator, applicator, appropriator, arbitrator, aviator, calculator, carburetor, cogenerator, collaborator, commentator, communicator, conciliator, consolidator, coordinator, decorator, defibrillator, demonstrator, denominator, detonator, escalator, evaporator, excavator, exterminator, fabricator, facilitator, generator, gladiator, illuminator, illustrator, imitator, incinerator, incubator, indicator, infiltrator, innovator, insulator, integrator, legislator, liquidator, locator, manipulator, mediator, Moderator, modulator, negotiator, operator, originator, oscillator, percolator, perpetrator, radiator, refrigerator, regulator, renovator, respirator, simulator, speculator, stimulator, syndicator, Terminator, ventilator, violator. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-g-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
-1 letter: avigator, graviton. | |
-2 letters: aviator, granita, orating, ovarian, vagrant, variant. | |
-3 letters: angora, antiar, aroint, gitano, gratin, oaring, onagri, organa, origan, rating, ration, raving, roving, taring, trigon, vagina, viator, virago, voting. | |
-4 letters: again, agora, agria, antra, aorta, argon, argot, atria, avant, avian, avion, garni, gator, gavot, giant, giron, gonia, grain, grana, grant, griot, groan, groat, groin. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-g-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
+1 letter: navigators. | |
+2 letters: aggravation, evaporating, gravitation, variegation. | |
+3 letters: aggravations, gravitations, variegations. | |
+4 letters: galvanometric, gravitational, nonvegetarian, vulgarization. | |
+5 letters: nonvegetarians, oversaturating, vulgarizations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
