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Definition: Executive |
ExecutiveAdjective1. Having the function of carrying out plans or orders etc.; "the executive branch". Noun1. A person responsible for the administration of a business. 2. Persons who administer the law. 3. Someone who manages a government agency or department. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "executive" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1678. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | EXECUTIVE, n. An officer of the Government, whose duty it is to enforce the wishes of the legislative power until such time as the judicial department shall be pleased to pronounce them invalid and of no effect. Following is an extract from an old book entitled, The Lunarian Astonished -- Pfeiffer & Co., Boston, 1803: LUNARIAN: Then when your Congress has passed a law it goes directly to the Supreme Court in order that it may at once be known whether it is constitutional? TERRESTRIAN: O no; it does not require the approval of the Supreme Court until having perhaps been enforced for many years somebody objects to its operation against himself -- I mean his client. The President, if he approves it, begins to execute it at once. LUNARIAN: Ah, the executive power is a part of the legislative. Do your policemen also have to approve the local ordinances that they enforce? TERRESTRIAN: Not yet -- at least not in their character of constables. Generally speaking, though, all laws require the approval of those whom they are intended to restrain. LUNARIAN: I see. The death warrant is not valid until signed by the murderer. TERRESTRIAN: My friend, you put it too strongly; we are not so consistent. LUNARIAN: But this system of maintaining an expensive judicial machinery to pass upon the validity of laws only after they have long been executed, and then only when brought before the court by some private person -- does it not cause great confusion? TERRESTRIAN: It does. LUNARIAN: Why then should not your laws, previously to being executed, be validated, not by the signature of your President, but by that of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? TERRESTRIAN: There is no precedent for any such course. LUNARIAN: Precedent. What is that? TERRESTRIAN: It has been defined by five hundred lawyers in three volumes each. So how can any one know?. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Computing | Executive |
Business | One who organises work and directs its completion through the services of others. Source: European Union. (references) |
Economics | Questions of where and when to formalize a business research activity naturally rests with --. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Executive can mean two different things:
- The executive branch of government;
- The chief executive officer otherwise known by its acronym CEO or some similarly high ranking officer in a corporation.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Executive."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Executive branch is a branch of government charged with enforcing, or executing, laws.
In the United States, the Executive branch consists of the Office of the President, including certain members of the United States Cabinet and the Presidential Staff, as well as a large number of federal agencies. The Executive branch in the United States is limited by the separation of powers with the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch.
Compare this system of checks and balances with the system in the United Kingdom. There, the executive is the British monarch, who is essentially a figurehead whose power is restricted by convention and public opinion. The Prime Minister, generally regarded as being the real authority in the UK, is himself or herself a member of Parliament, which is the legislature.
See also: Presidential system, Parliamentary system
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Executive branch."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Executive power is the power to take and enforce decisions within the boundaries defined by law, and by extension, the body or bodies that exercise such power. It is one of the three powers of the State.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Executive power."
Synonyms: ExecutiveSynonyms: administrator (n), executive director (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Conduct | Adjective: conducting; Verb: strategical, businesslike, practical, executive. |
Government | Ruling; Verb: regnant, gubernatorial; imperious; authoritative, executive, administrative, clothed with authority, official, departmental, ex officio, imperative, peremptory, overruling, absolute; hegemonic, hegemonical; authorized; (due). |
Jurisdiction | Noun: jurisdiction, judicature, administration of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace; magistracy; (authority). |
Executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical; judicatory, judiciary, judicial; juridical. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses, not from some farcical aquatic ceremony (Monty Python and the Holy Grail; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.) Your boss is the chief executive of fantasy land (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) Young man, I'm making you my executive vice president (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) I'm still the executive producer of this show (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Executive Action (1973) The Barefoot Executive (1971) Executive Suite (1954) Big Executive (1933) Executive Clemency (1911) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown are EPN and EPS, (Executive Plaza North and Executive Plaza South), two of NIH's satellite office buildings located in Rockville, Maryland. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |  | Building 22, Executive Park, CDC. March 1999. Credit: CDC. |
 | Photographs of covers of the CDC publications, Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats, and the MMWR issue containing the Executive Summary. Credit: CDC. |  | William M. Scaife As executive officer on the LYDONIA. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Captain George L. Anderson, C&GS, Executive Officer on BOWDITCH On the BOWDITCH. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | District Conservationist Carman Westerfield and Leesa Woodal, Executive Director, Lamar County Exposition Authority tour new tree planting on Barnsville Exposition Center. Assistance provided by RC&D and NRCS. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |
 | Joe Shevchik, NRCS District Conservationist, William Towns, NRCS Engineering Technician, and Executive Director, Keystone Economic Development Corporation survey plans for a new park and nature trail for the Bethel A.M.E. Park in Pittsburgh, PA. [Slide 9. Credit: Bob Nichols. |  | African American farmer Ben Burkette check sweet corn crop in Perry County, MS. Burkette is Executive Director of the Mississippi Association of Cooperatives. Credit: USDA. |
 | Ben Burkett, Executive Director of the Mississippi Ass'n of Cooperatives accepts a shipment of okra from the Beat 4 Co-op in Macon, MS. Credit: USDA. |  | Opaque watercolor of Steller's Eiders by Lee LeBlanc, formerly a Disney cartoonist and MGM Studios executive became a freelance artist in his later years. (Deceased) Return to the Federal Duck Stamp Office Home Page. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Daniel Webster | The contest for ages has been to rescue liberty from the grasp of executive power. |
Edward Gibbon | The principles of a free constitution are irrecoverably lost, when the legislative power is nominated by the executive. |
Elbert Hubbard | An executive is a man who can make quick decisions and is sometimes right. |
Peter F. Drucker | Decision making is the specific executive task. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | And thus the legislative and executive power come often to be separated. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-1996 | But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | They respect the nation, not individual rights, and being entrusted to the executive, the decision of the executive is conclusive. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | The executive of the modern State is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie. (reference) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. (Abraham Lincoln) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Chairman will act as the executive of the Commission. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | All this means that the people of any country have the right, and should have the power by constitutional action, by free unfettered elections, with secret ballot, to choose or change the character or form of government under which they dwell; that freedom of speech and thought should reign; that courts of justice, independent of the executive, unbiased by any party, should administer laws which have received the broad assent of large majorities or are consecrated by time and custom. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Consistent with normal aging, the group without the APOE e4 gene demonstrated decline only in the frontal cortex, where executive functions reside. (references) | |
Cognitive exercises, including computer-assisted strategies, have been used to improve specific neuropsychological processes, predominantly attention, memory, and executive skills. (references) | ||
Over the next 3 years, the researchers determined which of the participants later met clinical criteria for AD. The investigators looked at differences in brain tissue volume in a number of areas, focusing on the regions involved in memory and executive functions, such as organizing, planning, and switching back and forth among tasks and ideas. (references) | ||
Business | The Association has one paid employee as an executive secretariat. (references) | |
A Commercial Officer from the U.S. Embassy sits on the volunteer executive board. (references) | ||
The center's executive regulations govern its conciliation and arbitration procedure. (references) | ||
Children | Panama | Placement remains difficult despite a 1993 executive order granting tax incentives to firms that hire disabled employees. (references) |
Dominican Republic | The Oversight Organization for the Protection of Children, created by the executive branch, is the primary government institution covering issues of child welfare. (references) | |
Mexico | The Commission also submitted a draft law to the executive on the Prevention and Elimination of Discrimination, and prepared an executive report on discrimination in Mexico. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Liberia | Reportedly this executive order was not enforced during the year. (references) |
Cyprus | No legislative, executive, or other act may contravene or interfere with the Orthodox Church or the Vakf. (references) | |
Morocco | A proposed new press law, still before Parliament, would give such authority to the courts rather than the executive branch. (references) | |
Discrimination | Afghanistan | Those provisions of the 1964 Constitution relating to the monarchy and to the executive and legislative bodies would not apply; however, provisions prohibiting discrimination based on race, sex, and religion would be in effect. (references) |
Economic History | Switzerland | The top executive body is the Federal Council. (references) |
Uzbekistan | In reality, the executive holds almost all power. (references) | |
Human Rights | Chad | Official inaction and executive interference continued to plague the judiciary. (references) |
Tunisia | They argued that the executive branch should not be using the justice system for political trials. (references) | |
Paraguay | The Director General's office has access to the congressional, executive, and judicial authorities. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Philippines | She also issued an executive order to review the operation of the NCIP. (references) |
Minorities | United Kingdom | The Scottish Executive still was considering the report's 37 recommendations at year's end. (references) |
Kuwait | An Executive Committee in Charge of the Bidoon under the Ministry of Interior has been designated to resolve the issue. (references) | |
Political Economy | Macao | Seven are appointed by the Chief Executive. (references) |
Peru | Peru is a republic with a dominant executive branch. (references) | |
Sri Lanka | Legislative drafting is generally handled by the executive. (references) | |
Political Rights | Hong Kong | C.H. Tung is Chief Executive. (references) |
Paraguay | The Congress often rejects the executive branch's proposals. (references) | |
Liechtenstein | Women serve on the executive committees of the major parties. (references) | |
Trade | Guatemala | The executive advisory committee must approve any new additives. (references) |
Norway | It is the executive and advisory entity for monetary, credit and exchange policy. (references) | |
Brazil | The MERCOSUR Standards Association has an Executive Secretariat located in Sao Paulo. (references) | |
Travel | Brazil | The non-Portuguese speaking U.S. executive may need an interpreter on more than 50 percent of business calls. (references) |
Egypt | Your top experienced executive with knowledge of the area will do a better job with the Egyptian business community. (references) | |
Kuwait | One page of typing of English text costs approximately US$5.00. A business executive hotel guest may use these services on a walk-in basis. (references) | |
Women | Ghana | However, the company's chief executive did not comply with the terms of the decision, and in December 1999, the CHRAJ went back to court to seek enforcement of the judgment. (references) |
Malaysia | Terrengganu's executive counselor in charge of women's and non-Muslim's affairs claimed that the dress code was designed to protect the image of Muslim women and to promote Islam as a way of life. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Guatemala | Thereafter, they can be fired for cause, unless they are members of the union's executive committee. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SHERIFF, n. In America the chief executive office of a country, whose most characteristic duties, in some of the Western and Southern States, are the catching and hanging of rogues. John Elmer Pettibone Cajee (I write of him with little glee) Was just as bad as he could be. 'Twas frequently remarked: "I swon! The sun has never looked upon So bad a man as Neighbor John." A sinner through and through, he had This added fault: it made him mad To know another man was bad. In such a case he thought it right To rise at any hour of night And quench that wicked person's light. Despite the town's entreaties, he Would hale him to the nearest tree And leave him swinging wide and free. Or sometimes, if the humor came, A luckless wight's reluctant frame Was given to the cheerful flame. While it was turning nice and brown, All unconcerned John met the frown Of that austere and righteous town. "How sad," his neighbors said, "that he So scornful of the law should be -- An anar c, h, i, s, t." (That is the way that they preferred To utter the abhorrent word, So strong the aversion that it stirred.) "Resolved," they said, continuing, "That Badman John must cease this thing Of having his unlawful fling. "Now, by these sacred relics" -- here Each man had out a souvenir Got at a lynching yesteryear -- "By these we swear he shall forsake His ways, nor cause our hearts to ache By sins of rope and torch and stake. "We'll tie his red right hand until He'll have small freedom to fulfil The mandates of his lawless will." So, in convention then and there, They named him Sheriff. The affair Was opened, it is said, with prayer. J. Milton Sloluck |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | One Hollywood executive now blames the gay Mafia and the New York Times for ruining his career. |
Rush Limbaugh | Executive Window Wiper Extraordinaire: Where Russia is stimulating their economy by slashing the socialist tax burden, Britain is going for symbolism over substance. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | An anxiety has been also demonstrated by the Executive for peace with the Creeks and the Cherokees. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Among those who are dependent on Executive discretion I have begun the reduction of what was deemed unnecessary. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | What ever that decision may be, it will be faithfully enforced by the Executive as far as he is authorized so to do. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | During that period fifteen different and greatly distinguished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the Government. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Instead it has called on the President to present a comprehensive Executive Budget. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I am busy, currently, reviewing the structure of the entire executive branch of this Government. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Performance bonuses for members of the Senior Executive Service will surely receive scrutiny. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Now, just imagine what they would do controlled the executive branch, too! |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | We need a new engagement, too, between the Executive and the Congress. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Accordingly, last night I signed an executive order that will block the assets in the United States of terrorist organizations that threaten to disrupt the peace process. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Executive" is generally used as a noun (common) -- approximately 82.11% of the time. "Executive" is used about 8,019 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (common) | 82.11% | 6,585 | 1,468 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 17.19% | 1,379 | 5,793 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.7% | 56 | 45,296 |
| Total | 100.00% | 8,019 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | Reed Executive PLC | USA | Corporate Executive Board Co |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "executive": account executive ♦ Advanced Interactive Executive ♦ application Executive ♦ bank executive ♦ battalion executive officer ♦ best paid executive ♦ business executive ♦ chief executive ♦ chief executive officer ♦ corporate executive ♦ Cosmetic Executive Women ♦ executive ability ♦ executive agency ♦ executive board ♦ executive branch ♦ executive clemency ♦ executive committee ♦ Executive council ♦ executive department ♦ executive director ♦ executive officer ♦ executive power ♦ executive program ♦ executive routine ♦ executive secretary ♦ executive session ♦ executive Systems Programming Oriented Language ♦ executive tables ♦ executive vice president ♦ Hewlett Packard Multi Processing Executive ♦ Job executive and transport satellite ♦ junior executive ♦ marketing executive ♦ Packaged CRAM Executive ♦ teleprinter executive ♦ terminal Productivity eXecutive ♦ top executive ♦ Wine International Network Executive. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "executive": executive-assembly, executive-class, executive-designate, executive-director, executive-dominated, Executive-elect, executive-initiated, executive-led, executive-legislative, executive-level, executive-look, executive-manager, executive-minded, executive-ncr, executive-produced, executive-producer, executive-recruitment, executive-search, executive-style, executive-type. | |
Ending with "executive": non-executive. | |
Containing "executive": non-executive capacity, non-executive director. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "executive"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | ekzikutues, ekzekutiv (ministerial), zbatues (executant, implementator, observer), qeveritar (governmental, prince). (various references) | |
Arabic | موظف إدارى, مدير (administrator, chief, director, gaffer, landlord, manager, patron, provost, reeve), تنفيذى, إجرائى, إداري (administrative, departmental, manager, managerial, trustee), إدارة (administration, conduct, department, direction, directorate, dispensation, helm, husbandry, management, operation, rotation, running, stewardship, superintendence, trust). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | опитен администратор, административен (administrative), изпълнителна власт, изпълнителен орган, изпълнителен (administrative, efficient, law abiding, ministerial, taut). (various references) | |
Chinese | 执行"员, 主管人" . (various references) | |
Czech | vedoucí pracovník (officer, official), vedoucí (chief, guide, head, leader, leading, manager, supervisor), výkonný (efficient, oiled, practical), soukromý (intimate, personal, private, removed), podnikový, představenstvo, luxusní (fancy, grand, high-class, lush, palatial, smart, sumptuous). (various references) | |
Danish | eksekutivorgan (executive body, implementing body), udøvende organ (executive body, implementing body), råd (advice, counsel), ledende medarbejder (manager, managerial employee), ledelse (administration, governing body, manager, managerial employee), funktionær i lederstilling (manager, managerial employee), bestyrelse (board, board of directors, board of management, committee, council, governing board, supervisory board). (various references) | |
Dutch | uitvoerend orgaan (executive agency, executive body, implementing body), supervisie (supervision), leidinggevend personeelslid (manager, managerial employee), leidinggevend (management, managerial), kader (cadre, frame, framework), bestuur (administration, board of directors, control, management, platform, reign, rule, stage). (various references) | |
Farsi | مجری (Executor), هیلت رءیسه (Presidium), اجراءی . (various references) | |
Finnish | toimeenpaneva, täytäntöönpaneva, ohjausohjelma, johtohenkilöt, johtohenkilö, johto (conduit, direction, guidance, lead, leadership, line, management, pipe, wire cord flex). (various references) | |
French | Exécutif, directeur, cadre. (various references) | |
German | vorstand (board, board of directors, chairman, committee, managing director, managing-committee), führungskraft (manager, managerial employee). (various references) | |
Greek | όργανο εκτέλεσης (executive body, implementing body), στέλεχος επιχείρησης (manager, managerial employee), υπάλληλος διεύθυνσης (manager, managerial employee), εκτελεστικόσ, εκτελεστικό όργανο (executive body, implementing body), επόπτης (inspector, linesman, overseer, supervisor), ανώτεροσ υπάλληλοσ (commissioner), διευθυντήσ (boss, conductor, curator, director, intendant, manager, principal, wielder), διοικητικό στέλεχος (manager). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מוציא לפועל, מ "לי (administrative, directoral, managerial), מ "ל (administrator, boss, director, manager), וע" "פועל, פועל (hand, laborer, labourer, operative, operator, worker, workman), " "לתי (administrative, managerial), " "ל" (administration, directorate, management), בצועי. (various references) | |
Hungarian | végrehajtó hatalom, végrehajtó (bailiff, dispenser, executor). (various references) | |
Indonesian | eksekutif. (various references) | |
Italian | esecutivo (artwork, camera-ready artwork, camera-ready copy), dirigente (boss, conductor, director, leader, manager, managing, ruling, top). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 執行部 , "配人 (manager), 役" (officer, official, staff), エクリン腺 (a service station for cars that run on alternative fuels, eccrine gland, echo, echo back, eclair, ecocide, Ecole de Paris, ecological mark, ecology, econometrics, economic animal, economical, economics, economist, economy, economy class, ecosystem, executive class, existence, exit). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しっ"うぶ, しはいに" (manager), やくい" (officer, official, staff), エグゼクティブ . (various references) | |
Korean | 행 관 (Administrator). (various references) | |
Manx | sheckteragh (administratorship), sheckter (administrator, executor), reiragh (administrative, manageable, managerial, ordering, powerful), kiannoortagh. (various references) | |
Norwegian | utførende, utøvende, leder (director, head, leader). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | executiveay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | executivo (business executive, ministerial), orgão executivo (executive body, implementing body), dirigente (chief, cock-a-doodle-doo, forewoman, principal, ruling), corpos dirigentes duma assembleia (board, committee, council), órgão de execução (executive body, implementing body). (various references) | |
Romanian | executiv (administrative, executory), putere executivã, director (administrator, curator, directing, director, governor, guiding, headmaster, manager, master, principal, rector, steering, superior, warden). (various references) | |
Russian | руководитель (executives, guide, head, instructor, manager, mentor), администратор (administrator, manager), исполнительный орган, исполнительная власть, должностное лицо/ .исполнительный. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | izvršni (implementing), izvršna vlast, direktor (director, manager), administrator (administrator). (various references) | |
Spanish | ejecutivo (urgent). (various references) | |
Swedish | verkställande (execution). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวกับการบริหาร, ผู้บริหาร. (various references) | |
Turkish | yetkili (authoritative, authorized, commissioned, competent, entitled to, ex cathedra, powerful, qualified), yürütme (propulsion), yönetim (admin, administration, conduct, direction, governance, government, helm, management, rudder, ruling, steering, the man), yönetici (administrator, boss, controller, director, governor, head, headman, intendant, manager, overseer, ruler, supervisor), uygulama ile ilgili, idareci (administrator, conductor, curator, director, housekeeper, intendant, manager, manipulator, ruler), icra (execution, levy, performing), hükümet (administration, government, governmental, political). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | урядовий (cabinet, governmental, ministerial), виконавча влада, виконавчий (administrative), адміністративний (administrative, managerial). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | quyền h nh pháp. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
