Kaiser
Kaiser refers to the (mainly German) imperial title. Family names with various spellings are derived from it.
Imperial title
- Kaiser, the (mainly German) imperial title derived from "Caesar" meaning "emperor", used for Holy Roman Emperors (800–1806), Austrian Emperors (1804–1918) and German Emperors (1871–1918)
- in English, "the Kaiser" is usually limited to the three emperors of the (Prussian) German Empire (1871–1918), Wilhelm I, Frederick III and Wilhelm II
- the title Kaiser was also adopted in various (notably oriental) languages (e.g. in Hindi, Urdu)[1]
- The last ruler to bear the title was George VI, Kaiser i Hind[2], "Emperor of India" (in Hindi and Urdu)
People
- Also see Kayser and Keiser
- Kaiser is a relatively frequent German family name (as are names derived form lesser titles, eg. König, Graf, Herzog)
- Nickname ("Kaiser Franz") for Franz Beckenbauer, former German football player, coach and manager
- Georg Kaiser (1878–1945), a German expressionist playwright
- Glenn Kaiser, a Chicago-based blues musician
- Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967), American industrialist
- John Anthony Kaiser, Roman Catholic priest
- Kajetan Georg von Kaiser, German chemist
- Philip Mayer Kaiser, United States diplomat
- Robert Blair Kaiser, writer, journalist
- Rudolf Kaiser, German sailplane designer
- Tim Kaiser, a television producer
- see de:Kaiser (Name) for a list of people (mainly Germans) bearing that name
Places
- Kaiser, Missouri
Companies
- related to Henry J. Kaiser:
- Kaiser Aluminum, an aluminium company.
- Kaiser (automobile), an automobile trademark
- Kaiser Broadcasting, an entity that owned and operated broadcast television stations in the United States from 1958 to 1977.
- Kaiser-Fleetwings, an aircraft manufacturer formed by the purhase of Fleetwings.
- The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, or "Kaiser Foundation"
- Kaiser Permanente, a health maintenance organization (HMO) based in the U.S. state of California
- Kaiser Shipyards, part of Kaiser Shipbuilding Company
- Kaiser Steel, a former steelmaking plant.
- Kaiser Associates a management consultancy
- Kaiser brewery, a Brazilian brewery
- Kaiser Fototechnik, a company, manufacturer of photographic equipment and accessories
- Kaiser Optical Systems, a company that produces spectrometric equiment, including Raman spectrometers
- Kaiser's, a German supermarket chain
Other use
- Kaiser Bier, Austrian lager beer
- The Kaisers, a rock'n'roll revivalist band from Scotland
- Kaiser Chiefs are an indie rock band
- Kaizers Orchestra, a Norwegian rock band
- Kaiser roll, a type of bread roll
- Kaiser Burnout, a fire event in the American Civil War named after James Kaiser
- Kaiser (game), a card game
- Kaiser window, a window function in Digital Signal Processing
- Kaiser test, a chemical test for the presence of primary amines
- An alternate name for the HTC TyTN II Pocket PC phone.
- Kaiser Butterfly, a rare species of butterfly found at the source of the Wang Thong River in Thailand.
- The Kaiser Aluminum Hour, a 1956-1957 dramatic anthology television series.
Footnotes
- See M. Witzel, "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts", p. 29, 12.1 [1] (as Urdu kaisar).
See also
- Keyser Söze, fictional character in the 1995 movie "The Usual Suspects"
- Kaiser Ryo, Zane Truesdale's name in the Philippine version of Yu-Gi-Oh! GX as well as his nickname.
- Von Kaiser, from the Nintendo Entertainment System Mike Tyson's Punch Out!.
External References
- Kaeng Bang Rachan at Tourism Authority of Thailand (mentions the Kaiser butterfly)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Kaiser (disambiguation)". Image Credit.
Extended Definition: Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". It is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the name of Julius Caesar.
In English "the Kaiser" is usually reserved for the Emperors of the German Empire, the emperors of the Austrian Empire and those of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although the British monarchs styled "Emperor of India" were also called "Kaisar i Hind" in Hindi and Urdu, this word, although ultimately sharing the same Latin origin, is derived from the Greek Kaisar not the German Kaiser.[1]
German history and antecedents of the title
The Roman imperial style was revived in the Frankish realm by Karl the Great or Charlemagne in 800. When his empire was divided the title of Emperor went to the ruler holding the kingdom of Rome. Through inheritances this kingdom became part of the eastern ("German") kingdom. The Holy Roman Emperors (962–1806) called themselves Kaiser, combining the imperial title with that of Roman King (assumed by the designated heir before the imperial coronation); they saw their rule as a continuation of that of the Roman Emperors and used the title derived from "Caesar" to reflect their supposed heritage.
The rulers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1804–1918) were born in the Habsburg dynasty, which had provided most of Holy Roman Emperors since 1440. The Austrian-Hungarian rulers adopted the title Kaiser.
In English the (untranslated) word "Kaiser" is mainly associated with the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918), in particular with Kaiser Wilhelm II, and with the emperors of Austria-Hungary, in particular with Kaiser Franz Joseph I.[citation needed]
In 1871, there was much debate about the exact title for the monarch of those German territories (i.e. free imperial cities, principalities, duchies, and kingdoms) that agreed to unify under the leadership of Prussia, thereby forming the German Empire.[citation needed] Deutscher Kaiser ("German Emperor") was chosen over alternatives such as Kaiser von Deutschland ("Emperor of Germany"), or Kaiser der Deutschen ("Emperor of the Germans"), as the selected title simply connoted that the new emperor, harkening from Prussia, was a German, but did not imply that this new emperor had dominion over all German territories. Indeed, the second most powerful, perhaps most influential, German entity, Austria, was not part of the newly created German Empire. Consequently, after more than 30 years of discussion and debate, the German Empire was created based upon the Kleindeutsche Lösung ("Lesser German Solution") as opposed to the Großdeutsche Lösung ("Greater German Solution") (Großdeutschland) (Greater Germany).[citation needed] Additionally, the King of Bavaria, among others, conditioned joining the new Empire, under Prussian leadership, on the imperial title expressing the least degree of superiority over the rulers of the other territories, pariticularly his Kingdom of Bavaria. There have only been three Kaisers of the (second) German Empire. All of them belonged to the Hohenzollern dynasty, which, as kings Prussia, had been de facto leaders of greater Germany, together with the Kaisers of Austria. There have also only been three Kaisers of the Austrian Empire, the successor empire to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Heilige Römische Reich Deutscher Nation), and they have all belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. The successor empire to the Austrian Empire was termed the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had only two Kaisers, both again from the Habsburg dynasty.
The Kaisers of the Austrian Empire (1804-1867) and of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918) were:
- Franz I (1804-1835)
- Ferdinand I (1835-1848)
- Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
- Karl I (1916-1918)
The Kaisers of the German Empire (1871-1918) were:
- Wilhelm I (1871–1888);
- Frederick III (1888), who ruled for 99 days;
- Wilhelm II (1888–1918), during whose reign the monarchy in Germany ended near the end of World War I.
Footnotes
- See M. Witzel, "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts", p. 29, 12.1 [1] (as Urdu kaisar).
See also
- German Monarchy
- List of German monarchs
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Kaiser". Image Credit.
