John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck  | |
| Born | March 13, 1899 Middletown, Connecticut |
|---|---|
| Died | October 27, 1980 |
| Nationality | United States |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | University of Minnesota University of Wisconsin-Madison Harvard University University of Oxford Balliol College |
| Alma mater | Harvard |
| Doctoral advisor | Edwin C. Kemble |
| Doctoral students | Robert Serber Edward Mills Purcell |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1977) |
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist. Born in Middletown, Connecticut the son of mathematician Edward Burr Van Vleck and grandson of astronomer John Monroe Van Vleck, he grew up in Madison, Wisconsin, and went to Harvard for undergraduate and graduate studies. He joined the University of Minnesota as an assistant professor in 1923, then moved to the University of Wisconsin-Madison before settling at Harvard. Van Vleck developed fundamental theories of the quantum mechanics of magnetism and the bonding in metal complexes (crystal field theory).
Van Vleck participated in the Manhattan Project by serving on the Los Alamos Review committee in 1943. The committee, established by General Leslie Groves, also consisted of W.K. Lewis of MIT, Chairman; E.L. Rose, of Jones & Lamson; E.B. Wilson of Harvard; and Richard C. Tolman, Vice Chairman of NDRC. The committee's important contribution (originating with Rose) was a reduction in the size of the firing gun for the Little Boy bomb. This concept eliminated additional design-weight and sped up production of the bomb for its eventual release over Hiroshima. [1]
In the year 1961-62 he was George Eastman Visiting Professor at University of Oxford and Professorial Fellow of Balliol College. He was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1974. For his contributions to the understanding of electrons in magnetic solids, van Vleck was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Philip W. Anderson and Sir Nevill Mott. Van Vleck transformations are also named after him.
Japanese art collector
Van Vleck and his wife Abigail were also important art collectors, particularly in the medium of Japanese woodblock prints (principally ukiyo-e). He began collecting early, around 1909, but became a serious collector in the late 1920s, when he acquired approximately 4,000 prints that had been owned by Frank Lloyd Wright. His collection, one of the largest in the world outside the Library of Congress, features more than 2,000 prints by Utagawa Hiroshige as well as many prints by Hokusai, and fine examples of shin hanga (new prints) made well into the 20th century. His collection now resides at the Chazen Museum of Art in Madison, Wisconsin.
References
- Now It Can Be Told: Leslie R. Groves, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, Retired; Harper, 1962, pp. 162-63
Bibliography
- The Theory Of Electric And Magnetic Susceptibilities (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1932)
External links
- John Hasbrouck van Vleck
- Autobiography
- Duncan, Anthony and Michel Janssen. "On the verge of Umdeutung in Minnesota: Van Vleck and the correspondence principle. Part one," Archive for History of Exact Sciences 2007, 61:6, pages 553-624. [1]
- Chazen Museum of Art
- Oral history interview transcript with John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 28 February 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
| Nobel Laureates in Physics |
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|
Burton Richter / Samuel C. C. Ting (1976) · Philip Anderson / Nevill Mott / John van Vleck (1977) · Pyotr Kapitsa / Arno Penzias / Robert Wilson (1978) · Sheldon Glashow / Abdus Salam / Steven Weinberg (1979) · James Cronin / Val Fitch (1980) · Nicolaas Bloembergen / Arthur Schawlow / Kai Siegbahn (1981) · Kenneth G. Wilson (1982) · Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar / William Fowler (1983) · Carlo Rubbia / Simon van der Meer (1984) · Klaus von Klitzing (1985) · Ernst Ruska / Gerd Binnig / Heinrich Rohrer (1986) · Johannes Bednorz / Karl Müller (1987) · Leon M. Lederman / Melvin Schwartz / Jack Steinberger (1988) · Norman Ramsey / Hans Dehmelt / Wolfgang Paul (1989) · Jerome Friedman / Henry Kendall / Richard E. Taylor (1990) · Pierre de Gennes (1991) · Georges Charpak (1992) · Russell Hulse / Joseph Taylor (1993) · Bertram Brockhouse / Clifford Shull (1994) · Martin Perl / Frederick Reines (1995) · D.Lee / Douglas D. Osheroff / Robert Richardson (1996) · Steven Chu / Claude Cohen-Tannoudji / William Phillips (1997) · Robert B. Laughlin / Horst Störmer / Daniel C. Tsui (1998) · Gerardus 't Hooft / Martinus J. G. Veltman (1999) · Zhores Alferov / Herbert Kroemer / Jack Kilby (2000) |
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Complete roster | (1901-1925) | (1926-1950) | (1951-1975) | (1976-2000) | (2001-2025) |
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "John Hasbrouck van Vleck". Image Credit.
