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Definition: India

Part of Speech Definition
Noun 1. A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.[Wordnet]
2. A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan.[Websters].

Sources: WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

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"India" is a common misspelling or typo for: Indian, indias.

Date "India" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references)

Note: India \In"di*a\, noun. [See Indian.]. (references)

Specialty Definition: India

Domain Definition
Noah Webster [Noun] A country in Asia, so named from the river Indus.. Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary.
Aerospace Designator for the letter "I" in the International Phonetic Alphabet. (references)
Antiquities India (India). India is the middle one of the three great land-masses that jut southward from the mainland of Asia. In shape it is somewhat like a lozenge or diamond, with land-boundaries to the north and water-boundaries to the south. The northern half is wedged in between the Himalayan and the Sulaiman ranges, which thus form respectively its northeastern and northwestern frontiers; while the southern half, tapering to a point at Cape Comorin, projects into the Indian Ocean, and is washed by the Arabian Sea on the southwest and by the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. Its area is nigh 1,500,000 square miles--that is, nearly one-half (about 5/12) that of the United States, or almost equal to that of all Europe less Russia. In respect of physical configuration, India may be divided into three very distinct parts: the Himalayan region; the river plains of the Indus and Ganges, or the Indo-Gangetic plain; and Peninsular India. The last is a triangular plateau which forms the southern half of the “lozenge. ” The Himalaya shuts off India from Central Asia by an almost impassable barrier on the north. The Indus, flowing northwest, drains the back of the western half of the range; then, turning a right angle to the left, it breaks through the mountains, and receiving the affluents which with it drain the Punjab (Persian, Panj-āb, “Five-river” land) flows in a general southwesterly direction to the Arabian Sea. The Ganges, with its feeders, drains the southern slopes of the range and flows in a general southeasterly direction into the Bay of Bengal. The watershed between the drainage basins of the Indus and the Ganges is scarce a thousand feet above sea-level, and the slope on each side is imperceptible. The “basins,” therefore, form one practically continuous “plain. ” This Indo-Gangetic plain is a vast alluvial formation, made by deposits of rich silt brought down by the rivers, and has accordingly been the principal scene of Indic civilization. The home of the earliest and most primitive Indic civilization, as indicated by the geographical allusions of the Vedas, was the Punjab, the region of the middle Indus and its tributaries. Later, the scene shifts to the southeast, to the valley of the Ganges and its most important affluent, the Jumna. This is the “Middle Country” (Sanskrit, madhya-des/a), the fertile region in which occur the chief events of the great Epic period and of the rise and bloom of Buddhism. For the country above defined as India, there is no comprehensive name in the oldest native literature. Later books call it Jambu-dvīpa, “Land of the Rose-apple;” and the great Gangetic region is named “The Bhāratan” (Sanskrit, bhArata), or also Arya-Avarta, “Home of the Aryans. ” The French take their name for Germany--Allemagne --from that of the region of the tribe--the Alemanni--nearest themselves, and then extend it to the whole country. Similarly the Greeks. Their names for India--hê India, hê Indikê--apply properly only to the westernmost part of India, the region of the Indus. In Sanskrit, sindhu-s (the Hindu-sh of the ancient Persians) means “stream,” and then “The Stream,” that is, “The Indus, ho Indos” (incolis Sindus appellatus, says Pliny), and finally also “The region on the Indus. ”Subjoined are the names of the tributaries of the Indus in order from west to east--first the Sanskrit form, then the Greek, and then the modern name: vitastA Hudaspês Jehlam asiknI (“Black”) Akesinês Chenāb irAvatI (“Refreshing”) Hudraôtês Rāvi vipAs/ (“Unfettered”) Huphasis Beas s/atadru (“Hundred-runs”) Zadadrês Sutlej The Asiknī was known later as the Chandrabhāgā, a name to the Macedonian ears so ominously like Sandaro-phagos (“Xander-devourer”), that Alexander changed it to Akesinês (“The Healing”), with a bright play on its older name Asiknī. Sandarophagos hupo Alexandrou potamos metônomasthê kai eklêthê Akesinês, says Hesychius. The names of the Ganges and its greatest tributary, the Jumna, are easily recognized in their ancient forms--Gangês and Diamouna; Sanskrit, Gangā and Yamunā. The mountain names Êmôdo-s (Strabo, 689) and Haemodes (Mela, i. 81) correspond closely to the vernacular form of the Sanskrit Haimavata-s, synonymous with Hima-vant, “The Snow-y” range, and with Hima-ālaya, “Abode of Snow. ” The Hindu, in telling the points of the compass, faces the east. The Sanskrit name for Peninsular India, south of the Vindhya Mountains (to Ouindion oros) is, accordingly, Dakshinā-patha, “Region to the right (dexia) or the south,” Dachinabadês of the Periplus (50), our Dekkan. The recent science of Comparative Grammar has proved that the ancestors of Hindus and Iranians and Greeks and of the Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Keltic races are of one stock, called Aryan or IndoEuropean, which once had a common language and home. The Indic branch of this stock were not the aboriginal inhabitants of India; these were the dark-skinned tribes or Dasyus, whom the more gifted Aryan invaders, entering India from the extreme northwest, forced constantly to retire to the east and southeast. These non-Aryan tribes are now represented in part by the Dravidian races of the Dekkan. Of the Aryans, numerous tribes are mentioned in the Vedic literature, among them the Pūrus, the Bharatas, the Kuru-Panchālas; but the physical form of the Indo-Gangetic plain, free as it is from mountain barriers, is not favorable to the maintenance of tribal identity, and the floods of foreign invasion have had a similarly unfavorable tendency. The language of the Indic Aryans shows three principal stages of development: (1) Old Indic or Sanskrit; (2) Middle Indic or Prākrit; and (3) New Indic or Bhāshā. The first is represented by the Vedic, the Epic, and the Classical Sanskrit; the second, chiefly by the Pāli and by the Prākrit proper, or languages respectively of the sacred books of the Southern Buddhists and of the Jains; the third, chiefly by the nine principal Aryan tongues of modern India, Mahratti, Bengali, etc. Of all these, as indeed of all recorded Aryan tongues, the language of the Vedas is the most ancient; and it has, on the whole, conserved the greatest number of antique features. Note, for example, the retention in Sanskrit of the primitive sibilant in sU-s as compared with the cognate hu-s and English sow; in ja/nas-as = gene (s)-os, gener-is; in a/s-mi, “I am” = Lesbian em-mi; in a/-srava-t, “it flowed” = erree, for *e-sreWe-t, root sru = hru. The structure of the Sanskrit forms of derivation and inflection is so transparent as to shed much light on the corresponding forms of the allied languages. Thus it has two equivalent endings for the passive participle, - na-s and - ta-s; and likewise a root mah, “Be great,” with an older form, magh -- facts which, considered together, furnish an easy bond of connection for meg-a, māg-nu-s, and māc-tu-s, “Magnified. ” In ichAmi dA-tu-m, “I wish to give,” the infinitive is simply the accusative of a verbal noun-stem dA-tu, of which various other case-forms occur. Such facts make clear the nature of the Latin supines: īre datum, “Be going to give;” lepida memorātuī, “Nice for telling, nice to tell;” redīre opsōnātu, “Come back from marketing. ” Take quo-d and po-then by themselves, and the stem is obscure; but in the light of the Sanskrit ka-d, Gothic hva, English wha-t, Ionic ko-then, it is plain that the pronominal stem began originally with the k-sound, not with the p. An extensive Sanskrit literature has come down to us from the Hindus. Oldest and most important are the four Vedas, chiefly metrical. The Rigveda is a collection of over a thousand hymns, the most ancient of which may antedate our era by twenty centuries, and are therefore the oldest recorded documents of Aryan antiquity. Next come the Brahmanas, in prose, and containing, besides mystical discussions of the sacrifice and ritual, those theosophic speculations which culminated in the doctrines of the Upanishads, and thus became the basis of the later philosophical systems, notably of the pantheistic system of the Vedanta. In another stream from the Vedas flow the books of ceremonial, of custom, and of law. The legends of the Heroic Age are embodied in the vast epic called the Great Bharata Story (Mahā-bhārataākhyāna, or, more briefly, the Mahā-bhārata); and also in the lesser epic called Rāmāyana. Notable, besides, are especially the drama (Kālidāsa's Çakuntalā) and the beast-fable (Pancha-tantra). The Pāli literature embraces the legends of the life and teachings of Buddha, the books of the doctrine and order which grew there from, and the great collection of charming folk-stories called the Jātaka, or tales of the anterior births of Gotama Buddha. The early Indic Aryans of the Punjab were a sturdy, life-loving race. Their religion was a primitive polytheism, whose deities were personifications of the phenomena of nature, such as the wind and the sun. Thus agnis was the element (Latin ignis), while Agnis was the fire-god, who bore aloft the sacrifice to the other gods. To Hindu, as to Greek and Roman, the sky (dyaus, Zeus, Diēs-piter) was father and the earth was mother. As the Aryans advanced southeastward down the Ganges valley, the hot and humid climate wrought a profound change in their character. Their religion degenerated into a most elaborate and soul deadening ritualism. The growth of individuality and so of great and public-spirited personalities was stopped by the rigid system of caste. The belief in the transmigration of souls became general. And the institutions of monkish life and asceticism developed to a degree which astonished the Greeks beyond measure, and is perhaps without a parallel elsewhere. Religious nostrums were doubtless many in the “Middle Country” in the sixth century b.c.; and so were the religious teachers or saviors, each with his following greater or less. Of all the latter, only two have left any great mark in the world's history--namely, Nātaputta the Nigantha and the great monk Gotama. Nātaputta was contemporary with Gotama, but somewhat older; and he was the reformer of Jainism, or the religion of the “Conqueror” (Jina), which, since it still flourishes in India, may not unfairly be deemed the oldest Aryan sect in the world. Gotama, whose death at the age of eighty may be set at about B.C. 480, seems to be the greatest personality that India has ever produced. He taught not only a pure and gentle and noble morality, but also that all things are transitory, are misery, are unreal; and that the supreme goal is escape from the bonds of existence and rebirth. His religion, vastly modified by influences of time and locality, has spread to the Extreme Orient; and has meanwhile become displaced in India by Hinduism and the worship of the gods Vishnu and Çiva. The customs of the ancient Hindus may be learned with much fullness from the treatises of household usages called Grihya-sūtras; and, when studied in the light of the corresponding classical or Germanic customs, will form a most important and interesting chapter of Aryan comparative philology. Since birth, reproduction, and death are the three great facts of human existence, the marriage and funeral customs naturally take a prominent place in these pictures of ancient life. The joining of right hands was the most significant feature of the nuptial ceremonies; and this was not lacking with the Romans (dextrarum iunctio). The walking about the altar with the right side towards it (epidexia), or the sunwise circumambulation, finds its analogies among other Aryan races: compare the Roman dextratio and the Gaelic “walking the deasil. ” The confarreatio and the pellis lanata may be traced to India. At a funeral the circumambulation was reversed, in Italy (Statius, Theb. vi. 215) as well as on the Ganges. The above may serve as examples of coincidences of usage. It is likely that a considerable body of these customs go back to Aryan antiquity. Ancient India has no history, in the ordinary acceptation of the word. If all things are transitory, are misery--why fix the thoughts on them? The events of its past do not show the working of noble and mighty personalities. Its loftiest souls are absorbed in religious and philosophical speculation. The history of India is a history of thought, of religion. The Vedas and the Epics yield us abundant and invaluable evidence concerning the life and civilization of the times to which they belong; but for any records of events in orderly sequence and with fixed chronology we look in vain. Yet two great events--the appearance of Buddha and the invasion of Alexander--are exceptions. The one was of profoundest importance to India; the other, of great importance for our knowledge of India. Indeed, it is to foreign invaders and pilgrims that we owe some of our most valuable knowledge about India. Darius (521- 485), on an inscription at Persepolis, mentions the Indus region among his conquered provinces. Nearly two centuries later, B.C. 326, Alexander the Great crossed the Indus (Arrian, Anab.v. 4) and the Hydaspes (v. 12); and, after defeating the Indian king Porus (v. 17), advanced to the Hyphasis. On the bank of this Indian stream the world conqueror was forced to turn back; and, without even entering the Gangetic plain, he set out for Persis. After his death (June, 323), one of his great generals, Seleucus Nicator, invaded India again (about 305), and made a treaty with the famous Sandrokottos (or Sandrokuptos, Sanskrit Chandra-gupta), the founder of the Mauryan dynasty of Magadha. The Magadhan empire extended from Lower Bengal to the Indus, and its capital was Palibothra (Sanskrit Pātaliputra), on the Ganges at the old confluence of the Sone. The Pāli books call him Chandagutta the Moriya (Môrieus); and there is no other ancient Hindu about whom there is so much concurrent evidence from Indian and classical sources. (See Justin, xv. 4.) It was to his court that Seleucus sent his friend Megasthenes as ambassador. Megasthenes was a careful observer, and had a most unusual opportunity for observing; so that the book which he wrote was probably the most valuable work of antiquity on India. As if to show how deplorable is its loss, considerable excerpts from it have been preserved by Strabo, Arrian, and others. Chandragupta's grandson Açoka (B.C. 259-222) was the greatest monarch of ancient India. Many rock-inscriptions containing his edicts are still extant, and are of priceless worth, as being the oldest of their kind. Some of them are especially interesting because they mention the Greeks, for example, “Antiyoka, king of the Yonas,” and “Antikina. ” The former is Antiochus II., and the latter Antigonus Gonatas. The Yonas or Yavanas are of course the Iônes or Iaones, that is, the Greeks. The rock-cut edicts are found in Orissa, Gujarat, and the extreme north of the Punjab--places so wide apart as to show that Açoka's empire embraced the whole Indo-Gangetic region. Perhaps the most notable event of his reign was his conversion to Buddhism. He was mild and tolerant, but zealous withal for the promotion of the faith. See Senart's “Un roi de l'Inde,” in the Revue des Deux Mondes, March 1, 1889. The century from B.C. 326 to 222, accordingly-- including, as it does, Alexander's invasion and death, the reigns of Chandragupta and Açoka, and the culmination of the Magadhan empire--is the most notable one of Indian antiquity. It includes also the rise of the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom, from which Hellenic kings made repeated conquests of parts of Western India. There followed the GraecoIndian sovereigns, chief of whom was Menander (Pāli Milinda), about B.C. 100. Some fifteen years later the dynasty was overthrown by the Çakas or Scythians, and the power of the Greeks put to an end. The greatest of the Çaka kings was Kanishka; and it is probably his consecration in A.D. 78 that forms the starting-point of the Çaka era, which is still in use. The Imperial Gupta dynasty, beginning A.D. 320 and lasting till about 480, deserves mention as bearing a national Indian character. It gave to India a respite from the inroads of the northern barbarians and an excellent administration of government. Among regents of the sixth century, Harsha of Ujjain, with the title Vikramāditya, is famous because of the traditional connection of his name with that of the greatest of all Hindu poets, Kālidāsa. In the seventh century, Çīlāditya of Kanauj became very powerful; and it was during his long reign that the illustrious Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Hiuen Tsiang, made his travels in India (A.D. 629-645). The history of modern India begins with the invasion made by Mahmud of Ghazni, A.D. 1000, and embraces the period of the Mohammedan conquerors and that of British rule. Bibliography. --Geography: H. F. Blanford, Elementary Geography of India, Burma, and Ceylon (New York, 1890). The best map of ancient India is Colonel Yule's, in William Smith's Atlas of Ancient Geography. See, also, in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1889 the map facing p. 527. An admirable modern atlas is Constable's Hand Atlas of India (London, 1893). Language: W. D. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar (2d ed. Boston, 1889); C. R. Lanman, Sanskrit Reader, with Vocabulary and Notes (Boston, 1888); Victor Henry, Short Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (Eng. trans. New York, 1890). Literature and Civilization: A. Kaegi, The Rigveda (Boston, 1886); L. von Schroeder, Indiens Literatur und Cultur in historischer Entwickelung (Leipzig, 1887). Religion: A. Barth, The Religions of India (2d ed. London, 1890); H. Oldenberg, Buddha: his Life, his Doctrine, his Order, trans. by W. Hoey (also 2d German ed., Berlin, 1893). Greek Knowledge of India: see, especially, W. M'Crindle's Ancient India as described by the Classical Authors, being a series of copiously annotated translations of all the Greek and Roman texts which relate to India. Five volumes have appeared. I. Megasthenes, and Arrian's Indica, i. -xvii. Vol. II. Commerce and navigation of the Erythraean Sea, being a translation of the Periplus and of Arrian's account of the voyage of Nearchus (Indica, xviii. -xliii.). Vol. III. The Indica of Ctesias, the Cnidian (the abridgment by Photius, and the fragments). Vol. IV. The Geography of Claudius Ptolemaeus (the chapters on India, etc.). V. The invasion of India by Alexander the Great, as described by Arrian, Q. Curtius, Diodorus, Plutarch, and Justin (London, 1893). Texts: Megasthenes's Indica, fragments ed. by E. A. Schwanbeck (Bonn, 1846). Also, in C. Müller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, ii. p. 397-439 (Paris, 1848); Strabo's Geography, xv. p. 685-720; Arrian's Anabasis, iv. 22 to vi. 28; and Porphyrius, De Abstinentia, iv. 17-18. (references)
Bible 1: India occurs only in Esther 1:1 and 8:9, where the extent of the dominion of the Persian king is described. The country so designated here is not the peninsula of Hindustan, but the country surrounding the Indus, the Punjab. The people and the products of India were well known to the Jews, who seem to have carried on an active trade with that country (Ezek. 27:15, 24). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.
  2: The name of India does not occur in the Bible before the book of Esther where it is noticed as the limit of the territories of Ahasuerus in the east, as Ethiopia was in the west. (Esther 1:1; 8:9) The India of the book of Esther is not the peninsula of Hindostan, but the country surrounding the Indus, the Punjab and perhaps Scinde. The people and productions of that country must have been tolerably well known to the Jews. An active trade was carried on between India and western Asia. The trade opened by Solomon with Ophir through the Red Sea consisted chiefly of Indian articles. (references)
Geography 1: India is geographically located in Afghanistan. Its features include a triangulation station (a point on the earth whose position has been determined by triangulation). Its geographic coordinates are 34.799444 degrees North latitude and 68.303889 degrees East longitude. (references)
  2: India is geographically located in Chile. Its features include a mine(s) (a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages). Its geographic coordinates are 27.133333 degrees South latitude and 69.916667 degrees West longitude. (references)
  3: India is geographically located in Cuba. Its features include an estate(s) (a large commercialized agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other facilities). Its geographic coordinates are 20.069444 degrees North latitude and 75.773889 degrees West longitude. (references)
  4: India is geographically located in El Salvador. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 13.55 degrees North latitude and 88.816667 degrees West longitude. (references)
  5: India is geographically located in Guatemala. Its features include a farm (a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture). Its geographic coordinates are 14.533333 degrees North latitude and 91.316667 degrees West longitude. (references)
  6: India is geographically located in Moldova. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 47.046111 degrees North latitude and 29.387222 degrees East longitude. (references)
  7: India is geographically located in Mozambique. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 16.696389 degrees South latitude and 36.918056 degrees East longitude. (references)
  8: India is geographically located in South Africa. Its features include a farm (a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture), and a railroad siding (a short track parallel to and joining the main track). Its geographic coordinates are 23.016667 degrees South latitude and 29.65 degrees East longitude. (references)
  9: India is geographically located in The Gambia. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 13.566667 degrees North latitude and 15.75 degrees West longitude. (references)
  10: India is geographically located in Uganda. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 2.183333 degrees North latitude and 33.683333 degrees East longitude. (references)
Wiktionary 1: [Proper noun] Country in South Asia (Bharat). Official name: Republic of India. (references)
  2: [Proper noun] Formerly applied to America, also pl. Indies (obsolete). (references)
  3: [Proper noun] The letter I in the ICAO spelling alphabet. (references)
  4: [Proper noun] The territory east of the river Indus and south of the Himalaya mountains (formerly also known as Hindustan). (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Common Expressions: India

Expressions Definition
1 West India Quay 1 West India Quay is a skyscraper in the Docklands area of London which was completed in 2004. It is 111 metres tall and has 34 floors. The bottom 12 floors house a Marriott Hotel, including 47 serviced suites on floors 9-12. Floors 13-33 house 158 apartments. The tower overlooks West India Docks and Canary Wharf. (references)
1877 in India In 1877 India the British had their raj all over India and they kept expanding it to the nearby regions. In 1877 Queen Victoria was made the Empress of India. This led to great celebrations in Darbars in India. (references)
A1 Team India The A1 Team India is the Indian team of A1 Grand Prix, an international racing series. (references)
Acer India Acer India is the Indian subsidiary of Acer. It has its headquarters in Bangalore. (references)
Air India Flight 301 At 07:13 on Sunday June 23, 1985 an explosion in the New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport) baggage terminal killed two baggage handlers, and injured four. The bomb in that bag was intended for Air India Flight 301 with 177 passengers and crew on board, bound for Bangkok. (references)
Air India Flight 855 Air India Flight 855 was a flight that crashed on 1 January 1978. (references)
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) is a regional political party in Tamil Nadu state in India. The party is headed by J. Jayalalithaa, the present chief minister of the state. (references)
All India Babri Masjid Action Committee The All India Babri Masjid Action Committee (AIBMAC) is a Muslim organization founded in India after the destruction of the Babri Mosque, a disputed structure at Ayodhya. It is a disputed view that the Babri mosque was built on the site of Sri Ramjanmabhumi. (references)
All India Biotech Association The All India Biotech Association (AIBA) is a non-profit society that aims to promote and safeguard the overall interests of biotechnology. (references)
All India Central Council of Trade Unions All India Central Council of Trade Unions, a central trade union federation in India. AICCTU is politically attached to Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. (references)
------------------ 333 common expressions abridged ---------------

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Expressions: India

Expressions Domain Definition
India Ink Literature Or Chinese ink. So called because it was first brought from China. It is now made at home of lampblack and glue. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
India paper Art See: bible paper. (references)
India Paper Literature 1: A printing-paper made in China and Japan from vegetable fibre, and used for taking off the finest proofs of engraved plates. Pronounce Indi' paper.
2: The proof of an en graving on India paper, before lettering. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
India Rubber Slang in 1811 To dream of India rubber, denotes unfavorable changes in your affairs. If you stretch it, you will try to establish a greater business than you can support. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....
India rubber world Library Science New York, N.Y. (references)
India steel Mining A fine natural steel from southern India made directly from the ore; wootz. (references)
India wipe Slang in 1811 INDIA WIPE. A silk handkerchief. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: India

India

India (from Greek Ἰνδία, "region of the Indus river") may refer to:

In politics:

  • Contemporary Republic of India (post-1947)

In geography:

  • the entire Indian subcontinent, including Peninsular India (see also South Asia, Greater India, Indosphere)
  • the region east of the Indus river and south of the Himalaya (OED), see "Hindustan"

In history:

  • The History of South Asia (see History of India)
  • The territories in the vicinity of the Indus river east of Arachosia and west of the deserts of Thar in Pakistan. This usage is especially important in ancient (Greco-Persian) historical references to India.
  • Ancient or Epic India, see Kingdoms of Ancient India, Iron Age India; see also Bharatavarsha and Aryavarta.
  • Medieval India (also known as Hindustan)
  • British Raj, officially known as the Indian Empire, which came to an end in August 1947 resulting in the formation of the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.

otherwise (without direct relation to the Indian subcontinent):

  • India (given name), the personal name.
  • Indies, when referred to as East India by European colonists.
  • The letter "I" in the NATO phonetic alphabet and the Federal Aviation Administration aviation phonetic letters
  • India class submarine
  • La India, a salsa singer from Puerto Rico
  • India (cat) is a cat belonging to U.S. President George W. Bush
  • India (porn star) is an African American porn star
  • A character in Gone with the Wind
  • An India tag - an item of stationary
  • "India", a track by John Coltrane featured on the album Impressions

See also

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "India (disambiguation)". Image Credit.
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Extended Definition: India

India

भारत गणराज्य*
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Republic of India
Flag of India National Emblem of India
Flag National Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
सत्यमेव जयते  (Devanāgarī)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: Jana Gana Mana
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2]
National Song[4]
Vande Mataram
I bow to thee, Mother[3]
Location of India
Capital New Delhi
Largest city Mumbai
Official languages:
Scheduled languages:
Hindi, English
8th Schedule:
Demonym Indian
Government Federal republic[8]
Parliamentary democracy[9]
 -  President Pratibha Patil
 -  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Independence from British colonial rule 
 -  Declared 15 August 1947 
 -  Republic 26 January 1950 
Area
 -  Total 3,287,590‡ km² (7th)
1,269,346 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) 9.56
Population
 -  2008 estimate 1,132,446,000[8] (2nd)
 -  2001 census 1,027,015,248 
 -  Density 329/km² (31st)
852/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2007 estimate
 -  Total $ 2.965 trillion[10] (4th)
 -  Per capita $ 2700 (165th)
GDP (nominal) 2007 estimate
 -  Total $ 1.089 trillion (12th)
 -  Per capita $ 977 (132nd)
Gini (2004) 36.8[11] 
HDI (2007) ▲ 0.619 (medium) (128th)
Currency Indian rupee (₨) (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
 -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+6:30)
Internet TLD .in
Calling code +91
Non-numbered Footnotes:

India (Hindi: भारत Bhārat; see also other Indian languages), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers (4,671 mi).[13] It borders Pakistan to the west;[14] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma) to the east. India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Indonesia in the Indian Ocean.

Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[15] Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread nonviolent resistance.

India has the world's twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms have transformed it into the second fastest growing large economy;[16] however, it still suffers from high levels of poverty,[17] illiteracy, and malnutrition. A pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

Etymology

Main article: Names of India

The name India (pronounced /ˈɪndiə/) is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River.[18] The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi (Ινδοί), the people of the Indus.[19] The Constitution of India and common usage in various Indian languages also recognise Bharat ( pronunciation (help·info), /bʰɑːrət̪/) as an official name of equal status.[20] Hindustan (/hin̪d̪ust̪ɑːn/ (info)), which is the Persian word for “Land of the Hindus” and historically referred to northern India, is also occasionally used as a synonym for all of India.[21]

History

Main articles: History of India and History of the Republic of India

Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in India. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization,[22] dating back to 3300 BCE in western India. It was followed by the Vedic period, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Indian society, and ended in the 500s BC. From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country.[23]

Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 6th century.
Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 6th century.

In the third century BCE, most of South Asia was united into the Maurya Empire by Chandragupta Maurya and flourished under Ashoka the Great.[24] From the third century CE, the Gupta dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient "India's Golden Age."[25][26] Among the notable South Indian empires were the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Pallavas, Pandyas, and Cholas. Science, engineering, art, literature, astronomy, and philosophy flourished under the patronage of these kings.

Following invasions from Central Asia between the tenth and twelfth centuries, much of north India came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, and later the Mughal Empire. Mughal emperors gradually expanded their Kingdoms to cover large parts of the subcontinent. Nevertheless, several indigenous kingdoms, such as the Vijayanagara Empire, flourished, especially in the south. In the eighteenth century, the Mughal supremacy declined and the Maratha Empire became the dominant power. From the sixteenth century, several European countries, including Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom, started arriving as traders and later took advantage of the fractious nature of relations between the kingdoms to establish colonies in the country. By 1856, most of India was under the control of the British East India Company.[27] A year later, a nationwide insurrection of rebelling military units and kingdoms, variously referred to as the India's First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny, seriously challenged the British Company's control but eventually failed. As a consequence, India came under the direct rule of the British Crown as a colony of the British Empire.

Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.
Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.

During the first half of the twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress and other political organizations. In the 1920s and 1930, a movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, and displaying commitment to ahimsa, or non-violence, millions of protesters engaged in mass campaigns of civil disobedience.[28] Finally, on 15 August 1947, India gained independence from British rule, but was partitioned with independent governments for the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan in accordance to wishes of the Muslim League, along the lines of religion to create the Islamic nation state of Pakistan.[29] Three years later, on 26 January 1950, India became a republic and a new constitution came into effect.[8]

Since independence, India has suffered from religious violence, casteism and insurgencies in various parts, but has been able to control them through tolerance and constitutional reforms. Terrorism in India is also a major security problem, especially in Jammu and Kashmir, North-east India and recently in major cities like Delhi and Mumbai, 2001 Indian Parliament attack being the most prominent one. India has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the Sino-Indian War; and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999. India is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations (as part of British India). In 1974, India conducted an underground nuclear test.[30] This was followed by five more tests in 1998, making India a nuclear state.[30] Beginning in 1991, significant economic reforms[31] have transformed India into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, adding to its global and regional clout.[16]

Government

Main article: Government of India
Flag of India National Symbols of India[32]
Flag Tricolour
Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital
Anthem Jana Gana Mana
Song Vandē Mātaram
Animal Royal Bengal Tiger
Bird Indian Peafowl
Flower Lotus
Tree Banyan
Fruit Mango
Sport Field hockey
Calendar Saka

The Constitution of India, the longest and the most exhaustive constitution of any independent nation in the world, came into force on January 26, 1950.[33] The preamble of the constitution defines India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.[34] India has a quasi-federal form of government[35] and a bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system. It has three branches of governance: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.

The President of India is the official head of state[36] elected indirectly by an electoral college[37] for a five-year term.[38][39] The Prime Minister is, however, the de facto head of government and exercises most executive powers.[36] The Prime Minister is appointed by the President[40] and, by convention, is the candidate supported by the party or political alliance holding the majority of seats in the lower house of Parliament.[36]

The legislature of India is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house called the Lok Sabha (House of People).[41] The Rajya Sabha, a permanent body, has 245 members serving staggered six year terms.[42] Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the state's population.[42] The 543 of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms.[42] The other two members are nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if, in his opinion, the community is not adequately represented.[42]

The executive branch consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime Minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house of parliament. In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime Minister and his Council being directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.[43]

India has a unitary three-tier judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, twenty-one High Courts, and a large number of trial courts.[44] The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving fundamental rights and over disputes between states and the Centre, and appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts.[45] It is judicially independent,[44] and has the power to declare the law and to strike down union or state laws which contravene the Constitution.[46] The role as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution is one of the most important functions of the Supreme Court.[47]

Politics

Main article: Politics of India
The North Block, in New Delhi, houses key government offices.
The North Block, in New Delhi, houses key government offices.

India, at the federal level, is the most populous democracy in the world.[48][49] For most of its democratic history, the federal government has been led by the Indian National Congress (INC).[50] State politics have been dominated by several national parties including the INC, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), and various regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary majority. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata Party won the election owing to public discontent with the "Emergency" declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989, a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition in alliance with the Left Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two years.[51]

The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) with several regional parties and became the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term.[52] In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various left-leaning parties and members opposed to the BJP.[53]

Foreign relations and military

Main articles: Foreign relations of India and Indian Armed Forces
The Sukhoi-30 MKI is part of the Indian Air Force.
The Sukhoi-30 MKI is part of the Indian Air Force.

Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relationships with most nations. It took a leading role in the 1950s by advocating the independence of European colonies in Africa and Asia.[54] India is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement.[55] After the Sino-Indian War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, India's relationship with the Soviet Union warmed at the expense of ties with the United States and continued to remain so until the end of the Cold War. India has fought four wars with Pakistan, primarily over Kashmir. India also fought and won an additional war with Pakistan for the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971.

In recent years, relations between the United States and India have improved. Shown here are PM Manmohan Singh and President George W. Bush exchanging handshakes in March, 2006.
In recent years, relations between the United States and India have improved. Shown here are PM Manmohan Singh and President George W. Bush exchanging handshakes in March, 2006.

In recent years, India has played an influential role in the ASEAN[56], SAARC, and the WTO.[57] India is a founding member and long time supporter of the United Nations, with over 55,000 Indian military and police personnel having served in thirty-five UN peace keeping operations deployed across four continents.[58] Despite criticism and military sanctions, India has consistently refused to sign the CTBT and the NPT, preferring instead to maintain sovereignty over its nuclear program. Recent overtures by the Indian government have strengthened relations with the United States, China, and Pakistan. In the economic sphere, India has close relationships with other developing nations in South America, Asia, and Africa.

India maintains the third largest military force in the world, which consists of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.[8] Auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command also come under the military's purview. The President of India is the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces. India became a nuclear power in 1974 after conducting an initial nuclear test, Operation Smiling Buddha. Further underground testing in 1998 led to international military sanctions against India, which were gradually withdrawn after September 2001. India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy[59] and has a "strong nuclear non-proliferation record" according to the White House,[60] despite not being a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Subdivisions

Main article: Subdivisions of India

India is a federal republic of twenty-eight states and seven Union Territories.[50] All states, the union territory of Puducherry, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi have elected governments. The other five union territories have centrally appointed administrators and hence are under direct rule of the President. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were formed on a linguistic basis.[61] Since then, this structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is divided into basic units of government and administration called districts. There are nearly 600 districts in India.[62] The districts in turn are further divided into tehsils and eventually into villages.

Administrative divisions of India, including 28 states and 7 union territories.
Administrative divisions of India, including 28 states and 7 union territories.

States:

  1. Andhra Pradesh
  2. Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Assam
  4. Bihar
  5. Chhattisgarh
  6. Goa
  7. Gujarat
  8. Haryana
  9. Himachal Pradesh
  10. Jammu and Kashmir
  11. Jharkhand
  12. Karnataka
  13. Kerala
  14. Madhya Pradesh
  1. Maharashtra
  2. Manipur
  3. Meghalaya
  4. Mizoram
  5. Nagaland
  6. Orissa
  7. Punjab
  8. Rajasthan
  9. Sikkim
  10. Tamil Nadu
  11. Tripura
  12. Uttar Pradesh
  13. Uttarakhand
  14. West Bengal

Union Territories:

  1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  2. Chandigarh
  3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
  4. Daman and Diu
  5. Lakshadweep
  6. National Capital Territory of Delhi
  7. Puducherry

Major Cities:[63] Mumbai • Delhi • Bangalore • Kolkata • Chennai • Ahmedabad • Hyderabad • (others)

Geography

Main article: Geography of India
See also: Geological history of India and Climate of India
Topographic map of India.
Topographic map of India.

India, the major portion of the Indian subcontinent, sits atop the Indian tectonic plate, a minor plate within the Indo-Australian Plate.[64]

India's defining geological processes commenced seventy-five million years ago, when the Indian subcontinent, then part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, began a northeastwards drift—lasting fifty million years—across the then unformed Indian Ocean.[65] The subcontinent's subsequent collision with the Eurasian Plate and subduction under it, gave rise to the Himalayas, the planet's highest mountains, which now abut India in the north and the north-east.[65] In the former seabed immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough, which, having gradually been filled with river-borne sediment,[66] now forms the Indo-Gangetic Plain.[67] To the west of this plain, and cut off from it by the Aravalli Range, lies the Thar Desert.[68] The original Indian plate now survives as peninsular India, the oldest and geologically most stable part of India, and extending as far north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India. These parallel ranges run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east.[69] To their south, the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the left and right by the coastal ranges, Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats respectively;[70] the plateau contains the oldest rock formations in India, some over one billion years old. Constituted in such fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 6°44' and 35°30' north latitude[71] and 68°7' and 97°25' east longitude.[72]

India's coast is 7,517 kilometers (4,671 mi) long; of this distance, 5,423 kilometers (3,370 mi) belong to peninsular India, and 2,094 kilometers (1,301 mi) to the Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands.[13] According to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coast consists of the following: 43% sandy beaches, 11% rocky coast including cliffs, and 46% mudflats or marshy coast.[13]

Major Himalayan-origin rivers that substantially flow through India include the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into the Bay of Bengal.[73] Important tributaries of the Ganges include the Yamuna and the Kosi, whose extremely low gradient causes disastrous floods every year. Major peninsular rivers whose steeper gradients prevent their waters from flooding include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay of Bengal;[74] and the Narmada and the Tapti, which drain into the Arabian Sea.[75] Among notable coastal features of India are the marshy Rann of Kutch in western India, and the alluvial Sundarbans delta, which India shares with Bangladesh.[76] India has two archipelagos: the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off India's south-western coast; and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea.[77]

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the monsoons.[78] The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes.[79][80] The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden southwest summer monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide the majority of India's rainfall.[78] Four major climatic groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and montane.[81]

Flora and fauna

Main articles: Flora of India and Fauna of India
Indian giant squirrels inhabit the forests of the Western Ghats.
Indian giant squirrels inhabit the forests of the Western Ghats.

India, which lies within the Indomalaya ecozone, displays significant biodiversity. One of eighteen megadiverse countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.[82] Many ecoregions, such as the shola forests, exhibit extremely high rates of endemism; overall, 33% of Indian plant species are endemic.[83][84] India's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and North-East India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern India; the teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain.[85] Important Indian trees include the medicinal neem, widely used in rural Indian herbal remedies. The pipal fig tree, shown on the seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded Gautama Buddha as he sought enlightenment.

Many Indian species are descendants of taxa originating in Gondwana, to which India originally belonged. Peninsular India's subsequent movement towards, and collision with, the Laurasian landmass set off a mass exchange of species. However, volcanism and climatic changes 20 million years ago caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms.[86] Soon thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia through two zoogeographical passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.[85] Consequently, among Indian species, only 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are endemic, contrasting with 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of amphibians.[82] Notable endemics are the Nilgiri leaf monkey and the brown and carmine Beddome's toad of the Western Ghats. India contains 172, or 2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species.[87] These include the Asiatic Lion, the Bengal Tiger, and the Indian white-rumped vulture, which suffered a near-extinction from ingesting the carrion of diclofenac-treated cattle.

In recent decades, human encroachment has posed a threat to India's wildlife; in response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1935, was substantially expanded. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act[88] and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial habitat; in addition, the Forest Conservation Act[89] was enacted in 1980. Along with more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries, India hosts thirteen biosphere reserves,[90] four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.[91]

Economy

Main article: Economy of India
See also: Economic development in India
The Bombay Stock Exchange, in Mumbai, is Asia's oldest and India's largest stock exchange.
The Bombay Stock Exchange, in Mumbai, is Asia's oldest and India's largest stock exchange.

For most of its post-independence history, India adhered to a quasi-socialist approach with strict government control over private sector participation, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment. However, since 1991, India has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms and reduced government controls on foreign trade and investment.[31] Foreign exchange reserves have risen from US$5.8 billion in March 1991 to US$308 billion on 4 July 2008,[92] while federal and state budget deficits have decreased.[93] Privatization of publicly-owned companies and the opening of certain sectors to private and foreign participation has continued amid political debate.[94] With a GDP growth rate of 9.4% in 2006-07, the economy is among the fastest growing in the world.[95] India's GDP in terms of USD exchange-rate is US$1.089 trillion. When measured in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), India has the world's fourth largest GDP at US$4.726 trillion. India's per capita income (nominal) is US$977, while its per capita (PPP) is US$2700.

India has the world's second largest labour force, with 516.3 million people, 60% of whom are employed in agriculture and related industries; 28% in services and related industries; and 12% in industry.[8] Major agricultural crops include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes. The agricultural sector accounts for 28% of GDP; the service and industrial sectors make up 54% and 18% respectively. Major industries include automobiles, cement, chemicals, consumer electronics, food processing, machinery, mining, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, steel, transportation equipment, and textiles. Along with India’s fast economic growth comes its growing demand for energy. According to the Energy Information Administration, India is the sixth largest consumer of oil and third largest consumer of coal.[96]

Although the Indian economy has grown steadily over the last two decades; its growth has been uneven when comparing different social groups, economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.[97] Income inequality in India is relatively small (Gini coefficient: 36.8 in year 2004[11]), though it has been increasing of late. Wealth distribution in India is fairly uneven, with the top 10% of income groups earning 33% of the income.[98] Despite significant economic progress, a quarter of the nation's population earns less than the government-specified poverty threshold of $0.40 per day. In 2004–2005, 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line.[17]

More recently, India has capitalised on its large pool of educated, English-speaking people, and trained professionals to become an important outsourcing destination for multinational corporations and a popular destination for medical tourism.[99] India has also become a major exporter of software as well as financial, research, and technological services. Its natural resources include arable land, bauxite, chromite, coal, diamonds, iron ore, limestone, manganese, mica, natural gas, petroleum, and titanium ore.[50]

In 2007, estimated exports stood at US$140 billion and imports were around US$224.9 billion. Textiles, jewellery, engineering goods and software are major export commodities. While crude oil, machineries, fertilizers, and chemicals are major imports. India's most important trading partners are the United States, the European Union, and China.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of India
See also: Religion in India and Languages of India
Population density map of India.
Population density map of India.

With an estimated population of 1.13 billion,[8] India is the world's second most populous country. Almost 70% of Indians reside in rural areas, although in recent decades migration to larger cities has led to a dramatic increase in the country's urban population. India's largest cities are Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Delhi, Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), Chennai (formerly Madras), Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore), Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.[50]

India is the second most culturally, linguistically and genetically diverse geographical entity after the African continent.[50] India is home to two major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. Hindi, with the largest number of speakers,[100] is the official language of the union.[101] English, which is extensively used in business and administration, has the status of a 'subsidiary official language.'[6] The constitution also recognises in particular 21 other languages that are either abundantly spoken or have classical status. The number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.[102]

Over 800 million Indians (80.5%) are Hindu. Other religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians, Bahá'ís and others.[103] Tribals constitute 8.1% of the population.[104]

India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).[8] The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate (91%);[105] Bihar has the lowest (47%).[106] The national human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are 22.01 births per 1,000 people per year.[8]


Cities by population
Rank Core City State Pop. Rank Core City State Pop.

Mumbai
Mumbai
Delhi
Delhi

1 Mumbai Maharashtra 13,662,885 11 Jaipur Rajasthan 2,997,114
2 Delhi Delhi 11,954,217 12 Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 2,621,063
3 Bangalore Karnataka 5,180,533 13 Nagpur Maharashtra 2,359,331
4 Kolkata West Bengal 5,021,458 14 Indore Madhya Pradesh 1,768,303
5 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4,562,843 15 Patna Bihar 1,753,543
6 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 3,980,938 16 Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 1,712,355
7 Ahmedabad Gujarat 3,867,336 17 Thane Maharashtra 1,673,465
8 Pune Maharashtra 3,230,322 18 Ludhiana Punjab 1,662,325
9 Surat Gujarat 3,124,249 19 Agra Uttar Pradesh 1,590,073
10 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 3,067,663 20 Vadodara Gujarat 1,487,956
2008 estimation[107]


Culture

Main article: Culture of India
The Taj Mahal in Agra was built by Shah Jahan as memorial to wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered to be of "outstanding universal value".
The Taj Mahal in Agra was built by Shah Jahan as memorial to wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered to be of "outstanding universal value".[108]

India's culture is marked by a high degree of syncretism[109] and cultural pluralism.[110] It has managed to preserve established traditions while absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders and immigrants.

Indian architecture is one area that represents the diversity of Indian culture. Much of it, including notable monuments such as the Taj Mahal and other examples of Mughal architecture and South Indian architecture, comprises a blend of ancient and varied local traditions from several parts of the country and abroad. Vernacular architecture also displays notable regional variation.

Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. Classical music largely encompasses the two genres – North Indian Hindustani, South Indian Carnatic traditions and their various offshoots in the form of regional folk music. Regionalised forms of popular music include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter.

Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the chhau of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa and the ghoomar of Rajasthan. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa and the sattriya of Assam.[111]

Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.[112] Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances, and news of social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of state of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, the tamasha of Maharashtra, the terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka.[113]

Rabindranath Tagore - Asia's first Nobel laureate and composer of India's national anthem, played a major role in reviving several art forms such as the Manipuri.
Rabindranath Tagore - Asia's first[114] Nobel laureate[115] and composer of India's national anthem, played a major role in reviving several art forms such as the Manipuri.[116]

The Indian film industry is the largest in the world.[117] Bollywood, based in Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most prolific film industry in the world.[118] Established traditions also exist in Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu language cinemas.[119]

The earliest works of Indian literature were transmitted orally and only later written down.[120] These included works of Sanskrit literature – such as the early Vedas, the epics Mahābhārata and Ramayana, the drama Abhijñānaśākuntalam (The Recognition of Śakuntalā), and poetry such as the Mahākāvya[121] – and the Tamil language Sangam literature.[122] Among Indian writers of the modern era active in Indian languages or English, Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in 1913.

Indian cuisine is characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of herbs and spices. The staple foods in the region are rice (especially in the south and the east) and wheat (predominantly in the north).[123] Spices originally native to the Indian subcontinent that are now consumed world wide include black pepper; in contrast, hot chili peppers, popular across India, were introduced by the Portuguese.[124]

Traditional Indian dress varies across the regions in its colours and styles and depends on various factors, including climate. Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in addition, stitched clothes such as salwar kameez for women and kurta-pyjama and European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.

Many Indian festivals are religious in origin, although several are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. Some popular festivals are Diwali, Thai Pongal, Holi, Onam, Vijayadashami, Durga Puja, Eid ul-Fitr, Bakr-Id, Christmas, Buddha Jayanti and Vaisakhi.[125] India has three national holidays. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states. Religious practices are an integral part of everyday life and are a very public affair.

Traditional Indian family values are highly respected, although urban families now prefer the nuclear family structure due to the socio-economic constraints imposed by traditional joint family system.

Sports

A 2008 IPL T20 match being played between Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders
A 2008 IPL T20 match being played between Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders
Main article: Sports of India

India's national sport is field hockey although cricket is the most popular sport in India. In some states, particularly those in the northeast and the states of West Bengal, Goa, and Kerala, football (soccer) is also a popular sport.[126] In recent times, tennis has also gained popularity. Chess, commonly held to have originated in India, is also gaining popularity with the rise in the number of Indian grandmasters. Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho kho, and gilli-danda, which are played nationwide. India is also home to the ancient martial arts, Kalarippayattu and Varma Kalai. Martial arts practised in neighboring countries are said to have been influenced by this country.

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Notes

  1. "State Emblem -Inscription". National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  2. "National Anthem - Know India portal". National Informatics Centre(NIC) (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
  3. "National Song - Know India portal". National Informatics Centre(NIC) (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  4. "CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA — VOLUME XII". Constituent Assembly of India: Debates. parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre (24 January 1950). Retrieved on 2007-06-29. “The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it.”
  5. "The Union: Official Language". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC) (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
  6. a b "Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L., dated 27 April, 1960". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved on July 4, 2007.
  7. Official Languages Resolution, 1968, para. 2.
  8. a b c d e f g h "CIA Factbook: India". CIA Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.
  9. a b "India at a Glance". Know India Portal. National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
  10. CIA - The World Factbook - India
  11. a b "Field Listing - Distribution of family income - Gini index". The World Factbook. CIA (15 May 2008). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  12. "Total Area of India" (PDF). Country Studies, India. Library of Congress – Federal Research Division (December 2004). Retrieved on 2007-09-03. “The country’s exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometers and the total land area as 3,060,500 square kilometers; the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 square kilometers and total land area as 2,973,190 square kilometers.”
  13. a b c Kumar et al. 2006, p. 531
  14. Footnote: The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of India including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Indian and Pakistani held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistan-administered territory.
  15. a b "India is the second fastest growing economy". Economic Research Service (ERS). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
  16. a b Poverty estimates for 2004-05, Planning commission, Government of India, March 2007. Accessed: August 25, 2007
  17. "India", Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press
  18. Basham, A. L. (2000). The Wonder That Was India. South Asia Books. ISBN 0283992573. 
  19. "Official name of the Union". Courts Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech. Retrieved on 2007-08-08. “Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.”
  20. "Hindustan". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
  21. "Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley". Harappa (1996). Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
  22. Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill, p. A107. ISBN 0070483698. 
  23. Jona Lendering. "Maurya dynasty". Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  24. "Gupta period has been described as the Golden Age of Indian history". National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  25. "History : Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-1947)". National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved on 2007-10-03. “And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established.”
  26. a b "India Profile". Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) (2003). Retrieved on 2007-06-20.
  27. a b Montek Singh Ahluwalia. "Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?" (MS Word). Journal of Economic Perspectives. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
  28. "National Symbols of India". High Commission of India, London. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
  29. Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (2004). "The Longest Constitutional Document", Constitutional Government in India, 2nd edition, S. Chand, 4. ISBN 8121922038. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. 
  30. Dutt, Sagarika (1998). "Identities and the Indian state: An overview". Third World Quarterly 19 (3): 411–434. doi:10.1080/01436599814325.  at p. 421
  31. Wheare, K.C. (1964). Federal Government, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, 28. 
  32. a b c Sharma, Ram (1950). "Cabinet Government in India". Parliamentary Affairs 4 (1): 116–126. 
  33. "Election of President". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved on 2007-09-02. “The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college”
  34. Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution, 2nd edition, Stevens and Sons, 112. 
  35. "Tenure of President's office". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved on 2007-09-02. “The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office”
  36. "Appointment of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved on 2007-09-02. “The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.”
  37. Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution, 2nd edition, Stevens and Sons, 127. 
  38. a b c d "Our Parliament A brief description of the Indian Parliament". www.parliamentofindia.gov.in. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
  39. Matthew, K.M.. Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama, pg 524. ISBN 8190046187. 
  40. a b Neuborne, Burt (2003). "The Supreme Court of India". International Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (1): 476–510. doi:10.1093/icon/1.3.476.  at p. 478.
  41. Supreme Court of India. "Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.
  42. Sripati, Vuayashri (1998). "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950-2000)". American University International Law Review 14 (2): 413–496.  at pp. 423-424
  43. Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (2004). "The Union Judiciary: The Supreme Court", Constitutional Government in India, 2nd edition, S. Chand, 314. ISBN 8121922038. Retrieved on 2007-11-02. 
  44. "Country profile: India". BBC (9 January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-21.
  45. "World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations: Population Division. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
  46. a b c d e "Country Profile: India" (PDF). Library of Congress - Federal Research Division (December 2004). Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
  47. Bhambhri, Chandra Prakash (1992). Politics in India 1991-92. Shipra Publications, 118, 143. ISBN 978-8185402178. 
  48. Patrick Dunleavy, Rekha Diwakar, Christopher Dunleavy. "The effective space of party competition" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
  49. Hermann, Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). A History of India. Routledge, 384. ISBN 978-0415329194. 
  50. Significance of the Contribution of India to the Struggle Against Apartheid1 by M. Moolla
  51. "History of Non Aligned Movement". Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
  52. http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/bg2008.cfm
  53. India's negotiation positions at the WTO
  54. "India and the United Nations". Retrieved on 2006-04-22.
  55. Brig. Vijai K. Nair (Indian Army). "No More Ambigiuity: India's Nuclear Policy" (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-06-07.
  56. "India's Nuclear profile". India Civil Nuclear Cooperation: Responding to Critics. White House: Press Release (March 8, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-10-05. “India has been a peaceful and vibrant democracy with a strong nuclear nonproliferation record”
  57. "States Reorganisation Act, 1956". Constitution of India. Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Retrieved on 2007-10-31.; See also: Political integration of India
  58. "Districts of India". Government of India. National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
  59. Cities with Compensatory City Allowance (CCA) classification A-1. See Status of Indian cities for details. "No.2(21)/E.II.(B)/2004". 2006. Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure. Government of India. Retrieved on 18 November, 2004
  60. Ali & Aitchison 2005, pp. 170-171
  61. a b Ali & Aitchison 2005, pp. 172-173
  62. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 7
  63. Prakash et al. 2000, p. 445
  64. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 11
  65. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 8
  66. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, pp. 9-10
  67. India's northernmost point is the region of the disputed Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir; however, the Government of India regards the entire region of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (including the Northern Areas currently administered by Pakistan) to be its territory, and therefore assigns the longitude 37° 6' to its northernmost point.
  68. (Government of India 2007, p. 1)
  69. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 15
  70. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 16
  71. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 17
  72. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 12
  73. Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 13
  74. a b Chang 1967, pp. 391-394
  75. Posey 1994, p. 118.
  76. Wolpert 2003, p. 4.
  77. Heitzman & Worden 1996, p. 97.
  78. a b Dr S.K.Puri. "Biodiversity Profile of India (Text Only)". Retrieved on 2007-06-20.
  79. Botanical Survey of India. 1983. Flora and Vegetation of India — An Outline. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. p. 24.
  80. Valmik Thapar, Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent, 1997. ISBN 978-0520214705
  81. a b Tritsch, M.E. 2001. Wildlife of India Harper Collins, London. 192 pages. ISBN 0-00-711062-6
  82. K. Praveen Karanth. (2006). Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota
  83. Groombridge, B. (ed). 1993. The 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. lvi + 286 pp.
  84. "The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972". Helplinelaw.com (2000). Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
  85. "The Forest Conservation Act, 1980". AdvocateKhoj.com (2007). Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
  86. "Biosphere Reserves of India". Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  87. "The List of Wetlands of International Importance" (PDF) p. 18. The Secretariat of the Convention of on Wetlands (June 4, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-20.
  88. "Weekly Statistical Supplement". Reserve Bank of India (June 1, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
  89. ""Revenue surge boosts fiscal health"". Business Standard. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.
  90. Mohan, T.T.Ram. "Privatization in India: Issues and Evidence" (PDF). Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
  91. "Quarterly estimates of gross domestic product, 2006-07". Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
  92. "EIA Country Profiles: India" (2008-06-16). Retrieved on 2008-06-25.
  93. ""Inclusive Growth and Service delivery: Building on India’s Success"" (PDF). World Bank (2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  94. "In Pictures – Middle Class, or Upper Class? ". India Together. Civil Society Information Exchange. August 2003
  95. Mudur, Ganapati (June 2004). "Hospitals in India woo foreign patients". British Medical Journal 328: 1338. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7452.1338. PMID 15178611. 
  96. "Languages by number of speakers according to 1991 census". Central Institute of Indian Languages. Retrieved on August 2, 2007.
  97. Mallikarjun, B. (Nov., 2004), Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi–The Official Language of India, Language in India, Volume 4, Number 11. ISSN 1930-2940.
  98. Matthew, K.M. (2006). Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama, pg 524. ISBN 81-89004-07-7. 
  99. "Census of India 2001, Data on Religion". Census of India. Retrieved on November 22, 2007.
  100. "Tribes: Introduction". National Informatics Centre. Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.
  101. "Kerala's literacy rate". kerala.gov.in. Government of Kerala. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  102. "Census Statistics of Bihar: Literacy Rates Literacy rate of Bihar". Government of Bihar. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  103. World Gazetteer online
  104. "Taj Mahal" (in English). World Heritage List. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved on September 28, 2007. “The World Heritage List includes 851 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value.”
  105. Das, N.K. (July 2006). "Cultural Diversity, Religious Syncretism and People of India: An Anthropological Interpretation". Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology 3 (2nd). ISSN 1819-8465. Retrieved on 2007-09-27. “The pan-Indian, civilizational dimension of cultural pluralism and syncretism encompasses ethnic diversity and admixture, linguistic heterogeneity as well as fusion, and variations as well as synthesis in customs, behavioural patterns, beliefs and rituals.” 
  106. Baidyanath, Saraswati (2006). "Cultural Pluralism, National Identity and Development", Interface of Cultural Identity Development, 1stEdition, xxi+290pp. ISBN 81-246-0054-6. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. 
  107. 1. "South Asian arts: Techniques and Types of Classical Dance" From: Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Oct. 2007. 2. Sangeet Natak Academi (National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama, New Delhi, India). 2007. Dance Programmes. 3. Kothari, Sunil. 2007. Sattriya dance of the celibate monks of Assam, India. Royal Holloway College, University of London.
  108. Lal 1998
  109. (Karanth 1997, p. 26). Quote: "The Yakṣagāna folk-theatre is no isolated theatrical form in India. We have a number of such theatrical traditions all around Karnataka... In far off Assam we have similar plays going on by the name of Ankia Nat, in neighouring Bengal we have the very popular Jatra plays. Maharashtra has Tamasa. (p. 26)
  110. "Rabindanath Tagore: Asia's First Nobel laureate...". Time Asia. Retrieved on October 3, 2007.
  111. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913". Nobel Prize Winners. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved on October 3, 2007.
  112. Massey 2006, p. 186
  113. "Country profile: India". BBC.
  114. Dissanayake & Gokulsing 2004
  115. Rajadhyaksha & Willemen (editors) 1999
  116. MacDonell 2004, p. 1-40
  117. Johnson 1998, MacDonell 2004, p. 1-40, and Kalidasa & Johnson (editor) 2001
  118. Zvelebil 1992, p. 12
  119. Delphine, Roger, "The History and Culture of Food in Asia", in Kiple & Kriemhild 2000, p. 1140-1151
  120. Achaya 1994, Achaya 1997
  121. "18 Popular India Festivals". Retrieved on 2007-12-23.
  122. Majumdar & Bandyopadhyay 2006, p. 1-5

External links

Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg This article contains Indic text.
Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts.
India portal
Government
General reference
  • India entry at The World Factbook
  • India Energy Profile -EIA Official Energy Statistics
  • Encyclopædia Britannica entry on India
  • BBC country profile of India
  • Library of Congress Country Studies entry on India
Other

References

History
Geography
Flora and fauna
  • Ali, Salim & S. Dillon Ripley (1995), A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. Pp. 183, 106 colour plates by John Henry Dick, ISBN 0195637321
  • Blatter, E. & Walter S. Millard (1997), Some Beautiful Indian Trees, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. Pp. xvii, 165, 30 colour plates, ISBN 019562162X
  • Israel, Samuel & Toby Sinclair (editors) (2001), Indian Wildlife, Discovery Channel and APA Publications., ISBN 9812345558
  • Prater, S. H. (1971), The book of Indian Animals, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. Pp. xxiii, 324, 28 colour plates by Paul Barruel., ISBN 0195621697.
  • Rangarajan, Mahesh (editor) (1999), Oxford Anthology of Indian Wildlife: Volume 1, Hunting and Shooting, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pp. xi, 439, ISBN 0195645928
  • Rangarajan, Mahesh (editor) (1999), Oxford Anthology of Indian Wildlife: Volume 2, Watching and Conserving, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pp. xi, 303, ISBN 0195645936
  • Tritsch, Mark F. (2001), Wildlife of India, London: Harper Collins Publishers. Pp. 192, ISBN 0007110626
Culture
 
Geographic locale
States and territories of India
States
Andhra Pradesh · Arunachal Pradesh · Assam · Bihar · Chhattisgarh · Goa · Gujarat · Haryana · Himachal Pradesh · Jammu and Kashmir · Jharkhand · Karnataka · Kerala · Madhya Pradesh · Maharashtra · Manipur · Meghalaya · Mizoram · Nagaland · Orissa · Punjab · Rajasthan · Sikkim · Tamil Nadu · Tripura · Uttar Pradesh · Uttarakhand · West Bengal
 Flag of India
Union Territories
Andaman and Nicobar Islands · Chandigarh · Dadra and Nagar Haveli · National Capital Territory of Delhi · Daman and Diu · Lakshadweep · Puducherry
Countries and territories of South Asia

Bangladesh  · Bhutan  · British Indian Ocean Territory  · India  · Maldives  · Nepal  · Pakistan  · Sri Lanka

Sometimes included:  Afghanistan • Iran • Myanmar • Tibet

Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean
Africa
Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Kenya · Madagascar · Mauritius · Mayotte · Mozambique · Seychelles · Somalia · Somaliland · South Africa · Sudan · Tanzania
 Map of the Indian Ocean
Asia
Bahrain · Bangladesh · Burma · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Kuwait · Malaysia · Maldives · Oman · Pakistan · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Sri Lanka · Thailand · United Arab Emirates · Yemen
Oceania
Australia · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Islands
Bahrain · British Indian Ocean Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Madagascar · Maldives · Mauritius · Mayotte · Seychelles · Sri Lanka
Countries of Asia

Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · People's Republic of China · Republic of China (Taiwan)2 · Cyprus · Egypt3 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia4 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · North Korea · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · East Timor (Timor-Leste)4 · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen3

For dependent and other territories, see Dependent territory.

1 Partly or significantly in Europe.  2 The Republic of China (Taiwan) is not officially recognized by the United Nations; see Political status of Taiwan.
3 Partly or significantly in Africa.  4 Partly or wholly reckoned in Oceania.

 
International membership
Commonwealth of Nations
Sovereign states

Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Botswana · Brunei · Cameroon · Canada · Cyprus · Dominica · Fiji · The Gambia · Ghana · Grenada · Guyana · India · Jamaica · Kenya · Kiribati · Lesotho · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Malta · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · New Zealand · Nigeria · Pakistan · Papua New Guinea · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Swaziland · Tanzania · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tuvalu · Uganda · United Kingdom · Vanuatu · Zambia
Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations
Dependencies
Australia

Ashmore and Cartier Islands · Australian Antarctic Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Coral Sea Islands · Heard Island and McDonald Islands · Norfolk Island

New Zealand

Cook Islands · Niue · Ross Dependency · Tokelau

United Kingdom

Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Anguilla · Bermuda · British Antarctic Territory · British Indian Ocean Territory · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Falkland Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Montserrat · Pitcairn Islands · St. Helena (including Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands · Turks and Caicos Islands

Member states of the East Asia Summit (EAS)
   

Flag of Australia Australia
Flag of Brunei Brunei
Burma
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia

Flag of India India
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia
Flag of Japan Japan
Flag of Laos Laos

Flag of Malaysia Malaysia
Flag of New Zealand New Zealand
Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Flag of the Philippines Philippines

Flag of Singapore Singapore
Flag of South Korea South Korea
Flag of Thailand Thailand
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam

Potential future members      Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste   Flag of Russia Russia
Flag of India Foreign relations of India
Bilateral
Afghanistan · Argentina · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brazil · Burma (Myanmar) · Canada · People's Republic of China · Colombia · Cyprus · Fiji · Greece · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Maldives · Nepal · Nigeria · Pakistan · Paraguay · Russia · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · South Africa · South Korea · Sri Lanka · Republic of China (Taiwan) · Tajikistan · Ukraine · United Kingdom · United States · Vietnam
Emblem of India
International
organizations
United Nations · East Asian Summit · G4 · G8+5 · G20 · BRIC · IBSA · IAEA · IMF · ISO · Commonwealth of Nations · NAM · SAARC · UNESCO · WHO · WTO · SAEU · BIMSTEC
Treaties and
summits
Karachi Agreement · London Declaration · Liaquat-Nehru Pact · 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship · Indus Waters Treaty · Tashkent Declaration · Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation · Shimla Agreement · Indo-Sri Lanka Accord · South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) · Lahore Declaration · U.S.-India Atomic Energy Treaty · Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security · Agra summit · Africa - India Forum Summit · 2007 Delhi security summit
Related topics
Ministry of External Affairs · Diplomatic missions · Kashmir dispute · Look East policy  · Indo-Pakistani wars · Sino-Indian War ·

Coordinates: 21.125556° N 78.310556° E

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "India". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: India

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
List of butterflies of India 396     1 West India Quay 4
List of fishes of India 367     1648 in India 2
Communist Party of India 308     1818 in India 3
List of spiders of India 275     1822 in India 2
List of railway stations in India 254     1853 in India 2
India 248     1857 in India 6
Economy of India 218     1861 in India 2
Climate of India 211     1869 in India 2
Diversity in culture in India 198     1870 in India 2
List of moths of India 185     1874 in India 2
List of birds of India 178     1875 in India 2
Company rule in India 155     1877 in India 2
Political integration of India 137     1885 in India 2
List of districts of India 130     1889 in India 2
India House 127     1905 in India 2
October 2006 in India 126     1906 in India 2
History of India 125     1907 in India 2
April 2007 in India 122     1911 in India 4
Islam in India 121     1919 in India 2
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 121     1921 in India 3
List of political parties in India 117     1922 in India 3
List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae) 113     1923 in India 2
May 2007 in India 111     1924 in India 2
Religious violence in India 108     1925 in India 2
North India 104     1930 in India 3
Hindus by district in India 103     1931 in India 2
Religion in India 102     1932 in India 2
List of National Highways in India 101     1934 in India 3
Kochi, India 100     1935 in India 2
Official languages of India 100     1936 in India 2
Geography of India 99     1937 in India 2
Reservation in India 98     1938 in India 2
South India 97     1939 in India 2
Air India 97     1940 in India 2
Out of India theory 96     1941 in India 2
List of protected areas in India 95     1942 in India 3
July 2007 in India 95     1943 in India 2
West India 93     1944 in India 2
India national cricket team 93     1945 in India 3
List of ants of India 93     1946 Cabinet Mission to India 39
All India Forward Bloc 92     1946 in India 3
Honourable East India Company 90     1947 in India 3
List of diplomatic missions in India 90     1948 in India 3
Yanam, India 90     1949 in India 3
Historical definitions of races in India 85     1950 in India 3
Military history of India 84     1951 in India 2
Child Marriage in India 84     1952 in India 3
Partition of India 82     1953 in India 2
Tourism in India 81     1954 in India 3
Culture of India 80     1955 in India 2
Dutch East India Company 79     1956 in India 3
List of odonates of India 79     1957 in India 3
India and weapons of mass destruction 79     1958 in India 3
Foreign relations of India 78     1959 in India 2
Provisional Government of Free India 76     1960 in India 2
Christianity in India 76     1961 in India 2
Air India Flight 182 76     1962 in India 2
Cinema of India 75     1963 in India 2
June 2007 in India 75     1964 in India 2
List of butterflies of India (Satyrinae) 74     1965 in India 4
Mobile telephone numbering in India 72     1966 in India 3
Mobile phone Numbering System India 72     1967 in India 2
Diplomatic missions of India 72     1968 in India 2
East India 71     1969 in India 2
List of mammals of India 71     1970 in India 2
Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India 70     1971 in India 3
Constitution of India 69     1972 in India 2
Economic history of India 68     1973 in India 2
List of hospitals in India 68     1974 in India 3
List of butterflies of India (Hesperiinae) 67     1975 in India 3
List of airports in India 67     1976 in India 4
List of RTO districts in India 67     1977 in India 3
Fundamental Rights in India 65     1978 in India 3
Chak De India 65     1979 in India 2
Flag of India 64     1980 in India 4
Rail transport in India 64     1981 in India 3
Wildlife sanctuaries of India 64     1982 in India 2
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 63     1983 in India 3
Government of India Act 1935 62     1984 in India 4
English cricket team in India in 2005-06 60     1985 in India 3
Fauna of India 58     1986 in India 3
Crime in India 58     1988 in India 3
Decline of Buddhism in India 58     1989 in India 2
India Jane Birley 57     1990 in India 3
Fascism in India 57     1990s in India 8
Education in India 57     1991 in India 3
List of butterflies of India (Coeliadinae) 56     1992 in India 3
Women in India 55     1993 in India 2
History of Buddhism in India 55     1994 in India 2
Homosexuality in India 53     1995 in India 3
Economic development in India 53     1996 in India 6
List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae) 53     1997 in India 7
List of tallest buildings in India 52     1998 in India 10
Postage stamps and postal history of India 52     1999 in India 11
First Stamp of Independent India 52     2000 in India 26
Transport in India 51     2000s in India 8
Major religions in India 51     2001 in India 30
India national football team 51     2002 in India 17
Portuguese India 50     2002 Jalandhar India MiG-21 crash 9
List of National Highways in India by highway number 50     2003 in India 5
Communications in India 50     2004 in India 14
Demographics of India 49     2005 in India 8
Linguistic history of India 49     2006 dengue outbreak in India 13
Languages of India 49     2006 in India 5
Middle kingdoms of India 47     2007 in India 5
Terrorism in India 47     2008 in India 16
Government of India 47     74GB, Anupgarh, India 7
History of slavery in India 46     A Passage to India 45
Water supply and sanitation in India 46     A Passage to India (film) 19
Science and technology in ancient India 46     A Ship to India 12
French India 46     A1 Team India 16
India at the Cricket World Cup 45     Abasi, India 8
Automobile industry in India 45     Actuarial Society of India 11
Pharmaceuticals in India 45     Adolescent sexuality in India 11
East India Trading Co. 45     Aerial warfare in 1965 India Pakistan War 10
A Passage to India 45     Aero India 18
Roman trade with India 44     Aeronautical Society of India 4
List of moths of India (Noctuidae) 44     Agencies of British India 5
List of rivers of India 44     Agri Horticultural Society of India 4
History of the Republic of India 44     Agriculture in India 26
ICC Women's Quadrangular Series in India in 2006/07 43     Air Force ranks and insignia of India 8
Effects of global warming on India 43     Air India 97
President of India 43     Air India (football club) 38
Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India 42     Air India destinations 10
Colleges and institutes in India 41     Air India Flight 101 13
Directive Principles in India 41     Air India Flight 182 76
Arts and entertainment in India 41     Air India Flight 301 9
Supreme Court of India 41     Air India Flight 855 12
History of South India 40     Airports Authority of India 7
Quit India Movement 40     All India 2
Sport in India 40     All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 25
Communist Party of India (Maoist) 40     All India Babri Masjid Action Committee 3
1946 Cabinet Mission to India 39     All India Biotech Association 2
Church of South India 39     All India Carrom Federation 11
Anarchism in India 39     All India Central Council of Trade Unions 4
Force India 39     All India Christian Council 4
Ancient India and Central Asia 39     All India Communist Party 6
Telecommunications in India 39     All India Congress Committee 3
March 2005 in India 39     All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries 7
Provisional Government of India 39     All India Council for Technical Education 6
St. Thomas Evangelical Fellowship of India 38     All India Defence Employees Federation 3
English cricket team in India in 1992-93 38     All India Democratic Students Organisation 3
Air India (football club) 38     All India Democratic Women's Association 10
Gaya, India 38     All India Democratic Youth Organisation 8
List of Muslims of independent India 38     All India Educated Unemployed Youth Party 2
List of shopping malls in India 37     All India Engineering Entrance Examination 12
The Scudder family of missionaries in India 37     All India Ezhai Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam 2
Religious freedom in India 37     All India Federation of Democratic Youth 2
List of Scheduled Tribes in India 36     All India Federation of Trade Unions 5
Tractors in India 36     All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society 3
Science and Technology in India 36     All India Football Federation 15
November 2006 in India 36     All India Forward Bloc 92
List of butterflies of India (Limenitidinae) 36     All India Forward Bloc (Ramayan Singh) 3
List of amphibians of India 35     All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar) 6
Natural disasters in India 35     All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist) 3
Socialist Unity Centre of India 35     All India Institute of Medical Sciences 32
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae) 35     All India Institute of Speech and Hearing 6
Reserve Bank of India 35     All India Jharkhand Party 2
Major rivers of India 35     All India Jute Textile Workers' Federation 3
History of rail transport in India 34     All India Kisan Sabha 10
Australian cricket team in India in 2007-08 34     All India Kisan Sabha (Ashoka Road) 8
Miss India 34     All India Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 3
Legal status of Jainism as a distinct religion in India 34     All India Mahila Sanskritik Sanghathan 2
Greater India 34     All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 13
February 2005 in India 33     All India Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam 2
Australian cricket team in India in 2000-01 33     All India Mazdoor Ekta Party 2
Farmers' movements in India 33     All India Minorities Front 4
Defence of India Act 1915 33     All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam 4
Human rights in India 33     All India Muhammadan Educational Conference 4
Roman Catholicism in India 33     All India Muslim Education Conference 9
Names of India 33     All India Muslim Forum 3
Pakistan cricket team in India in 2007-08 33     All India Muslim League (2002) 2
India in World War II 33     All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi) 4
Poverty in India 32     All India Muslim Personal Law Board 5
All India Institute of Medical Sciences 32     All India Muslim Students Federation 11
Jat Kingdoms in Medieval India 32     All India Netaji Revolutionary Party 4
History of the Jews in India 32     All India Pre Medical Test 3
Income tax in India 31     All India Progressive Janata Dal 3
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae) 31     All India Radio 22
List of recognised political parties in India 31     All India Radio (band) 3
Economy of South India 31     All India Services 5
Subsidies in India 31     All India Sikh Students Federation 15
Wildlife of India 31     All India Socialist Youth Council 3
Constituent Assembly of India 31     All India States Peoples Conference 4
State Bank of India 31     All India Students Association 3
Governor-General of India 30     All India Students Federation 17
Gurdwaras in India 30     All India Trade Union Congress 7
Business process outsourcing in India 30     All India Tribes and Minorities Front 3
Colonial India 30     All India Trinamool Congress 3
Child Labour Issues of Unilever in India 30     All India Village Industries Association 2
Central India Campaign (1858) 30     All India Youth Federation 4
2001 in India 30     All India Youth League 2
Music of India 30     Amateur radio licensing in India 3
List of universities in India 29     Amateur Radio Society of India 3
Church of North India 29     Amber, India 13
Blue Cross of India 29     American India Foundation 4
Solar power in India 29     Amini, India 8
Mahé, India 29     Amul STAR Voice of India 21
Armenians in India 29     An Advanced History of India 4
Geological history of India 29     Anarchism in India 39
China Burma India Theater of World War II 28     Ancient India 5
Theatre in India 28     Ancient India and Central Asia 39
Prime Minister of India 28     Ancient universities of India 5
History of sex in India 28     Angul, India 3
Animal Welfare Board of India 28     Animal husbandry in India 5
Little India MRT Station 28     Animal Welfare Board of India 28
Energy policy of India 28     Anjar, India 19
Bassas da India 27     Antu, India 8
List of endangered species in India 27     April 2005 in India 11
India Pentecostal Church of God 27     April 2006 in India 18
Colleges and Universities in Orissa, India 27     April 2007 in India 122
List of moths of India (Notodontidae) 27     Archaeological Survey of India 7
July 2005 in India 26     Arki, India 14
Quizzing in India 26     Armenians in India 29
Flora of India 26     Army of India 4
Liberalism in India 26     Army of India Medal 7
India at the Olympics 26     Army ranks and insignia of India 10
Literacy in India 26     Aron, India 8
Students Islamic Movement of India 26     Arra, India 9
Military academies in India 26     Arranged marriages in India 6
Socialism in India 26     Artistic depictions of the partition of India 19
2000 in India 26     Arts and entertainment in India 41
Agriculture in India 26     Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India (Supreme Court Case) 12
Society for Biblical Studies in India 26     Aspirant states of India 13
Subdivisions of India 25     Association of Friends of India and South Asia 6
Mother India 25     Association of Mathematics Teachers of India 5
History of cricket in India from 1970-71 to 1985 25     Association of Motion Pictures & TV Programme Producer of India 4
Mass media in India 25     Association of Theologically Trained Women of India 13
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 25     Atomic Energy Commission of India 10
Bharatpur, India 25     Attorney General of India 4
History of cricket in India from 1985-86 to 2000 25     August 2005 in India 15
Censorship in India 25     August 2006 in India 3
High Courts of India 25     Australia Under-19 cricket team in India in 2005-06 19
National parks of India 25     Australian cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1935-36 8
Historic figures of ancient India 25     Australian cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1969-70 8
Star of India 25     Australian cricket team in India in 2000-01 33
Hassan, India 24     Australian cricket team in India in 2007-08 34
British East India Company directors 24     Australian Services cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1945-46 7
South African cricket team in India in 2005-06 24     Automobile industry in India 45
Banking in India 24     Autonomous law schools in India 14
India Pale Ale 24     Autonomous regions of India 5
Role of India in Non-Aligned Movement 24     Bagar, India 10
Mahindra United World College of India 23     Bali, India 9
India General Service Medal 23     Banat, India 9
List of butterflies of India (Pieridae) 23     Banda, India 12
India national field hockey team 23     Bangar, India 2
Catholic Ecclesiastical Provinces in India 23     Banjar, India 9
Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2005-06 23     Bank Employees Federation of India 4
Obesity in India 23     Bank of India 18
March 2006 in India 23     Banking in India 24
Economic reforms in India 22     Baptist Union of North India 3
Sikhism in India 22     Bar Council of India 2
Freedom of press in India 22     Bassas da India 27
Healthcare in India 22     Beat Konducta Vol 3-4: Beat Konducta in India 8
Islamic empires in India 22     Begur, India 3
Hisar, India 22     Bernardino India 3
Elections in India 22     Bharatpur, India 25
Prostitution in India 22     Bible Society of India 3
Mongol invasions of India 22     Biblia Impex India 5
HIV/AIDS in India 22     Biosphere reserves of India 11
All India Radio 22     Bird flu in India 10
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation 22     Blue Cross of India 29
Caste-related violence in India 22     Board of Control for Cricket in India 14
Politics of India 21     Boards of Education in India 4
Nuclear power in India 21     Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway 3
India Shining 21     Botanical Survey of India 5
Amul STAR Voice of India 21     Brand India 6
Scientific plagiarism in India 21     British East India Company directors 24
Gateway of India 21     British India (band) 9
Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India 21     British India Command 4
Cricket in India 21     British rule in India 4
Chief Justice of India 21     Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India 7
Commander-in-Chief, India 21     Burla, India 12
IBM India 21     Business process outsourcing in India 30
Postage stamps and postal history of Portuguese India 21     Canada India Institute-Industry Link Project 4
History of cricket in India from 1960-61 to 1970 21     Capital punishment in India 18
Order of the Crown of India 21     Cartography of India 15
India at the IMO 20     Caste politics in India 13
India at the 2004 Summer Olympics 20     Caste-related violence in India 22
Law enforcement in India 20     Catholic Bishops' Conference of India 3
History of cricket in India from 1945-46 to 1960 20     Catholic Ecclesiastical Provinces in India 23
South African cricket team in India in 1991-92 20     Catholic Health Association of India 6
West Indian cricket team in India in 2006-07 20     Catholicos of India 11
Standard of living in India 20     Causes for Liberation of French colonies in India 17
India national rugby union team 20     Cave Research in India 7
East India Company 20     Cellular Operators Association of India 3
List of commercial airlines in India 20     Censorship in India 25
India at the 2000 Summer Olympics 20     Center for the Advanced Study of India 3
French East India Company 20     Center of India Tower 13
Disney Channel India 20     Central Bank of India 15
List of newspapers in India 19     Central Electricity Authority of India 6
A Passage to India (film) 19     Central India Agency 11
Sacred groves of India 19     Central India Campaign (1858) 30
MTV India 19     Central India Horse 6
Artistic depictions of the partition of India 19     Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 5
Hinduism in India 19     Central Wakf Council, India 2
List of reservoirs and dams in India 19     Central Zoo Authority of India 7
Fauna of British India 19     Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, India 4
Anjar, India 19     Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India 3
India at the 2006 Lusophony Games 19     CERE India 4
List of Christian denominations in India 19     Cervecería India 6
------------------ 1338 topics related to abridged ---------------

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).

Translations: India

Language Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Al Arabiya الهند (India), بلاد الهند (India), بيان موقف منظومة الأمم المتحدة بشأن الهند (united nations system position statement on India), لجنة الأمم المتحدة للهند وباكستان (united nations commission for India and Pakistan), فريق مراقبي الأمم المتحدة العسكريين في الهند وباكستان (united nations military observer group in India and Pakistan), جمهورية الهند (the republic of India), إعلان موسكو بين الاتحاد الروسي والهند بشأن الإرهاب الدولي (Moscow declaration between the Russian federation and India on international terrorism), البيان المشترك بين الهند والاتحاد الروسي بشأن القضايا الاستراتيجية (joint statement of India and the Russian federation on strategic issues), البيان المشترك لرئيس وزراء الصين والهند بشأن مبادئ التعايش السلمي الخمسة (joint statement of the premiers of China and India on the five principles of peaceful coexistence), شعبة الهند (India division). Additional references: Al Arabiya, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Al Fus-Ha الهند (India), بلاد الهند (India), بيان موقف منظومة الأمم المتحدة بشأن الهند (united nations system position statement on India), لجنة الأمم المتحدة للهند وباكستان (united nations commission for India and Pakistan), فريق مراقبي الأمم المتحدة العسكريين في الهند وباكستان (united nations military observer group in India and Pakistan), جمهورية الهند (the republic of India), إعلان موسكو بين الاتحاد الروسي والهند بشأن الإرهاب الدولي (Moscow declaration between the Russian federation and India on international terrorism), البيان المشترك بين الهند والاتحاد الروسي بشأن القضايا الاستراتيجية (joint statement of India and the Russian federation on strategic issues), البيان المشترك لرئيس وزراء الصين والهند بشأن مبادئ التعايش السلمي الخمسة (joint statement of the premiers of China and India on the five principles of peaceful coexistence), شعبة الهند (India division). Additional references: Al Fus-Ha, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Albanian Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Albanian, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Alealum ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Alealum, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Alemannic Indien (India). Additional references: Alemannic, Germany, Switzerland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Altoaragonés India (India). Additional references: Altoaragonés, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Andhra భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Andhra, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Annamese mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Annamese, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Arabic الهند (India), بلاد الهند (India), بيان موقف منظومة الأمم المتحدة بشأن الهند (united nations system position statement on India), لجنة الأمم المتحدة للهند وباكستان (united nations commission for India and Pakistan), فريق مراقبي الأمم المتحدة العسكريين في الهند وباكستان (united nations military observer group in India and Pakistan), جمهورية الهند (the republic of India), إعلان موسكو بين الاتحاد الروسي والهند بشأن الإرهاب الدولي (Moscow declaration between the Russian federation and India on international terrorism), البيان المشترك بين الهند والاتحاد الروسي بشأن القضايا الاستراتيجية (joint statement of India and the Russian federation on strategic issues), البيان المشترك لرئيس وزراء الصين والهند بشأن مبادئ التعايش السلمي الخمسة (joint statement of the premiers of China and India on the five principles of peaceful coexistence), شعبة الهند (India division). Additional references: Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Aragoieraz India (India). Additional references: Aragoieraz, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Aragonés India (India). Additional references: Aragonés, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Aragonese India (India). Additional references: Aragonese, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Armenian Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Armenian, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Armjanski Yazyk Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Armjanski Yazyk, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Arnaut Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Arnaut, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Íslenska Indland (India). Additional references: Íslenska, Iceland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Aymara India (India). Additional references: Aymara, Bolivia, Peru, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bahasa Indonesia karet penghapus (India rubber), kertas cetak yang sangat tipis (India paper), Negara bagian dan wilayah India (States and territories of India), Presiden India (President of India), Timnas sepak bola India (India national football team), Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania (British East India Company), Perdana Menteri India (Prime Minister of India), Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company), Daftar bandar udara di India (List of airports in India), kertas cetak yg sangat tipis (India paper). Additional references: Bahasa Indonesia, Indonesia, Java, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bahasa Malaysia India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Bahasa Malaysia, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bahasa Malayu India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Bahasa Malayu, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Balgarski Индия (India), оризова хартия (India paper, rice paper), Индийско кино (Cinema of India), гума за изтриване (eraser, India rubber, india-rubber), каучук (rubber, caoutchouc, India rubber, india-rubber), китайска хартия (India paper). Additional references: Balgarski, Bulgaria, Greece, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Balgarski (transliteration) indiya (India), orizova khartiya (India paper, rice paper), indiysko kino (Cinema of India), guma za iztrivane (eraser, India rubber, india-rubber), kauchuk (rubber, caoutchouc, India rubber, india-rubber), kitayska khartiya (India paper). Additional references: Balgarski, Bulgaria, Greece, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Banga-Bhasa ভারত (India). Additional references: Banga-Bhasa, Bangladesh, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bangala ভারত (India). Additional references: Bangala, Bangladesh, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bangla ভারত (India). Additional references: Bangla, Bangladesh, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Basque India (India). Additional references: Basque, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bengali ভারত (India). Additional references: Bengali, Bangladesh, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bohemian Indie (India, IND), Indija (East Indies, india). Additional references: Bohemian, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bosnian Indija (India). Additional references: Bosnian, Bosnia and Herzegovina, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Brazilian Portuguese Índia (India, Indian, republic of India), Indicador (indicator, pointer, display, gauge, index), IN (India, republic of India), copal do Congo (Brazil, Congo copal, Congo gum, India), copal do Brasil (Brazil, Congo copal, India), copal da ndia (Brazil, Congo copal, India). Additional references: Brazilian Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Breton India (India). Additional references: Breton, France, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Brezhoneg India (India). Additional references: Brezhoneg, France, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bulgarian Индия (India), оризова хартия (India paper, rice paper), Индийско кино (Cinema of India), гума за изтриване (eraser, India rubber, india-rubber), каучук (rubber, caoutchouc, India rubber, india-rubber), китайска хартия (India paper). Additional references: Bulgarian, Bulgaria, Greece, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Bulgarian (transliteration) indiya (India), orizova khartiya (India paper, rice paper), indiysko kino (Cinema of India), guma za iztrivane (eraser, India rubber, india-rubber), kauchuk (rubber, caoutchouc, India rubber, india-rubber), kitayska khartiya (India paper). Additional references: Bulgarian, Bulgaria, Greece, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Calabrese innia (India). Additional references: Calabrese, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Catalan Índia (India). Additional references: Catalan, Spain, Andorra, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Central Danish Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), republikken Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), IN (advanced intelligent network, India, intortus, Republic of India), copal India (brazil, Congo copal, India), Congo (brazil, Congo, Congo copal, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India), Brazil (Congo copal, India). Additional references: Central Danish, Denmark, Germany, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Central Mongolian энэтхэг улс (India), резин (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), баллуур (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Central Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Central (transliteration) enetkheg uls (India), rezin (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), kauchuk (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), balluur (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Central Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Central Tai ประเทศอินเดีย (India, Hindustan), อินเดีย (India), ธงชาติอินเดีย (Flag of India), ภาษาราชการของอินเดีย (List of national languages of India). Additional references: Central Tai, Thailand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Cestina Indie (India, IND), Indija (East Indies, india). Additional references: Cestina, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Chiga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Chiga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Pidgin English 印度 (India). Additional references: Chinese Pidgin English, Nauru, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Simplified 印 (mark, print, seal, stamp, India), 印度 (India, bharat, Hindustan, Indian), 东印度公司 (east India company), 到印度的便宜机票 (cheap ticket to india), 印度麦酒 (india pale ale), 印度的基金 (funds india), 印度的教育 (education in india), 印度的词典 (dictionary india), 印度的发展 (development india), 印度的总领事馆 (consulate general of india). Additional references: Chinese Simplified, China, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Traditional 印度 (India, bharat, Hindustan), 印 (mark, print, seal, stamp, imprint), 東印度公司 (east India company), 印度銀行 (bank of India, banking india), 印度的總領事館 (consulate general of india), 印度航空公司 (air india), 印度的緯紗 (abb india), 美國駐印度領事館 (american consulate in india), 古引度 (ancient india). Additional references: Chinese Traditional, China, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ching mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Ching, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ciga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Ciga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Corse India (India). Additional references: Corse, France, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Corsi India (India). Additional references: Corsi, France, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Corsican India (India). Additional references: Corsican, France, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Corso India (India). Additional references: Corso, France, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Corsu India (India). Additional references: Corsu, France, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Croatian Indija (India). Additional references: Croatian, Croatia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Curaçoleño India (India). Additional references: Curaçoleño, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Curassese India (India). Additional references: Curassese, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Czech Indie (India, IND), Indija (East Indies, india). Additional references: Czech, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Daco-Rumanian îndia (india), India (India, Indies). Additional references: Daco-Rumanian, Romania, Hungary, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Damulian இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Damulian, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Danish Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), republikken Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), IN (advanced intelligent network, India, intortus, Republic of India), copal India (brazil, Congo copal, India), Congo (brazil, Congo, Congo copal, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India), Brazil (Congo copal, India). Additional references: Danish, Denmark, Germany, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Dansk Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), republikken Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), IN (advanced intelligent network, India, intortus, Republic of India), copal India (brazil, Congo copal, India), Congo (brazil, Congo, Congo copal, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India), Brazil (Congo copal, India). Additional references: Dansk, Denmark, Germany, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Dari هندوستان (India), هندهستان (india), هند (India), كائوچو (India rubber, caoutchouc, rubber), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگي كه در چين ساخته ميشود (India paper), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگی كه در چين ساخته می شود (India paper), نوعي كاغذ نازك (India paper), مركب چين (India ink), كاءوچو (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), لاستيك (rubber, tire, rubbers, tires, caoutchouc). Additional references: Dari, Iran, Indo-European, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Deutsch India (India), Indien (India, Indies). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Diné Ah-le-gai (India). Additional references: Diné, USA, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Dutch Voor-Indië (India), staat India (india), India (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), Braziliaanse (Brazilian woman, Brazilian, brazil, Congo copal, India), de Republiek India (India, the republic of India), Kongolese enz (brazil, Congo copal, India), kopal Oostindische (brazil, Congo copal, India), Republiek India (India, Republic of India). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Eastern Pahari भारत (India). Additional references: Eastern Pahari, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Eesti India (Indian, India). Additional references: Eesti, Estonia, Finland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Emilian Engia (India). Additional references: Emilian, San Marino, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Emiliano Engia (India). Additional references: Emiliano, San Marino, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Emiliano-Romagnolo Engia (India). Additional references: Emiliano-Romagnolo, San Marino, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ena Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Ena, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ermeni Dili Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Ermeni Dili, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ermenice Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Ermenice, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Estonian India (Indian, India). Additional references: Estonian, Estonia, Finland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Euskera India (India). Additional references: Euskera, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Føroyskt India (India). Additional references: Føroyskt, Denmark, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Fabla Aragonesa India (India). Additional references: Fabla Aragonesa, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Faroese India (India). Additional references: Faroese, Denmark, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Filipino Indiya (India), Indya (India). Additional references: Filipino, Philippines, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Finnish Intia (India, Republic of India), Intian tasavalta (India, Republic of India), IN (inch, India, intelligent networks, Republic of India). Additional references: Finnish, Finland, Russia (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Français l'Inde (India, Republic of India), Inde (India, indigo, Indies, Indonesia, Republic of India), République de l'Inde (India, Republic of India), bhaarat (India), copal de l'Inde (Brazil, Congo copal, India), I am sorry (India), la République de l'Inde (the republic of India, India, Republic of India), du Brésil (Brazil, Congo copal, India), Indes (Indies, India). Additional references: Français, France, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
French l'Inde (India, Republic of India), Inde (India, indigo, Indies, Indonesia, Republic of India), République de l'Inde (India, Republic of India), bhaarat (India), copal de l'Inde (Brazil, Congo copal, India), I am sorry (India), la République de l'Inde (the republic of India, India, Republic of India), du Brésil (Brazil, Congo copal, India), Indes (Indies, India). Additional references: French, France, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Frioulan Indie (India). Additional references: Frioulan, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Frioulian Indie (India). Additional references: Frioulian, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Frisian Yndia (India). Additional references: Frisian, Netherlands, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Friulano Indie (India). Additional references: Friulano, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Friulian Indie (India). Additional references: Friulian, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Furlan Indie (India). Additional references: Furlan, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gaelg Yn Injey (India). Additional references: Gaelg, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gailck Yn Injey (India). Additional references: Gailck, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ganda Buyindi (India). Additional references: Ganda, Uganda, Tanzania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gentoo భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Gentoo, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Georgian ინდოეთი (India). Additional references: Georgian, Georgia, Iran, India. (volunteer & more translations)
German India (India), Indien (India, Indies). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gin mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Gin, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gorkhali भारत (India). Additional references: Gorkhali, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Greek Ινδία (India, Indian, Republic of India), Ινδός (Indian, Hindu, India), κοπάλιο της Ινδίας (brazil, Congo copal, India), κοπάλιο του Κογκό (brazil, Congo copal, India), IN (India, Republic of India), Δημοκρατία της Ινδίας (India, Republic of India). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Greek (transliteration) indhia (India, Indian, Republic of India), indhos (Indian, Hindu, India), kopalio tis indhias (brazil, Congo copal, India), kopalio toi kongo (brazil, Congo copal, India), in (India, Republic of India), dhimokratia tis indhias (India, Republic of India). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gruzinski ინდოეთი (India). Additional references: Gruzinski, Georgia, Iran, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gujarati ભારત (India). Additional references: Gujarati, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gujerathi ભારત (India). Additional references: Gujerathi, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gujerati ભારત (India). Additional references: Gujerati, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gujrathi ભારત (India). Additional references: Gujrathi, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gurkhali भारत (India). Additional references: Gurkhali, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gurmukhi ਹਿੰਦ (India), ਭਾਰਤ (India). Additional references: Gurmukhi, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Gurumukhi ਹਿੰਦ (India), ਭਾਰਤ (India). Additional references: Gurumukhi, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Haieren Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Haieren, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Halh энэтхэг улс (India), резин (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), баллуур (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Halh, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Halh (transliteration) enetkheg uls (India), rezin (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), kauchuk (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), balluur (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Halh, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguk Mal 인도인도 (India), 뭉자를 나타내는 통신 용어 (India), 인도 (India, sidewalk, delivery, pavement, walkway), 인디아 (India), 탄성고무 (gum, rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, natural rubber), 지우개 (rubber, eraser, India rubber, Indian rubber, india-rubber), 목 (neck, cervix, throat, throttle, India ink), 먹 (Chinese ink, cake ink, China ink, India ink, ink), 동인도 회사 (east India company), 황화 고무 (vulcanized India rubber). Additional references: Hanguk Mal, Korea, South, Korea, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguohua 인도인도 (India), 뭉자를 나타내는 통신 용어 (India), 인도 (India, sidewalk, delivery, pavement, walkway), 인디아 (India), 탄성고무 (gum, rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, natural rubber), 지우개 (rubber, eraser, India rubber, Indian rubber, india-rubber), 목 (neck, cervix, throat, throttle, India ink), 먹 (Chinese ink, cake ink, China ink, India ink, ink), 동인도 회사 (east India company), 황화 고무 (vulcanized India rubber). Additional references: Hanguohua, Korea, South, Korea, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hebrew הודו (India), ודוה (india), ִודו (India), כוכב הודו (Star of India), פוליטיקה של הודו (Politics of India), רשימת השפות הלאומיות של הודו (List of national languages of India), דגל הודו (Flag of India), היסטוריה של הודו (History of India), מטבח הודי (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), הקולנוע ההודי (Cinema of India). Additional references: Hebrew, Israel, India. (volunteer & more translations)
High Arabic الهند (India), بلاد الهند (India), بيان موقف منظومة الأمم المتحدة بشأن الهند (united nations system position statement on India), لجنة الأمم المتحدة للهند وباكستان (united nations commission for India and Pakistan), فريق مراقبي الأمم المتحدة العسكريين في الهند وباكستان (united nations military observer group in India and Pakistan), جمهورية الهند (the republic of India), إعلان موسكو بين الاتحاد الروسي والهند بشأن الإرهاب الدولي (Moscow declaration between the Russian federation and India on international terrorism), البيان المشترك بين الهند والاتحاد الروسي بشأن القضايا الاستراتيجية (joint statement of India and the Russian federation on strategic issues), البيان المشترك لرئيس وزراء الصين والهند بشأن مبادئ التعايش السلمي الخمسة (joint statement of the premiers of China and India on the five principles of peaceful coexistence), شعبة الهند (India division). Additional references: High Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
High Aragonese India (India). Additional references: High Aragonese, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
High German India (India), Indien (India, Indies). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hindi भारत (India), इंडिया (India), भारत के प्रान्त एवं उनकी राजधानी (States and territories of India), भारतीय सुप्रीम कोर्ट (Supreme Court of India), इंडियाटुडे (India Today), आकाशवाणी (All India Radio, oracle, revelation), एअर इंडिया (Air India), भारत के शहर (List of cities in India), भारतीय संस्कृति (Culture of India), भारतीय खाना (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India). Additional references: Hindi, India, Nepal, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hochdeutsch India (India), Indien (India, Indies). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Hungarian India (India). Additional references: Hungarian, Hungary, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Icelandic Indland (India). Additional references: Icelandic, Iceland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Indonesian karet penghapus (India rubber), kertas cetak yang sangat tipis (India paper), Negara bagian dan wilayah India (States and territories of India), Presiden India (President of India), Timnas sepak bola India (India national football team), Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania (British East India Company), Perdana Menteri India (Prime Minister of India), Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company), Daftar bandar udara di India (List of airports in India), kertas cetak yg sangat tipis (India paper). Additional references: Indonesian, Indonesia, Java, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Irish An India (India). Additional references: Irish, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Italian India (India), il capitano aveva ricevuto l'ordine di far vela (The captain was under orders to sail for India), una missione commerciale per l'India (a trade mission to India), cittadini francesi residenti in India (French nationals in India), inchiostro di china (Indian ink, China ink, India ink), l'India è un subcontinente (India is a subcontinent), Dicastero per le relazioni con l'India (India Office), carta Bibbia (bible paper, india paper), carta India (India paper), un profilo dell'India contemporanea (a profile of contemporary India). Additional references: Italian, Italy, Croatia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ivrit הודו (India), ודוה (india), ִודו (India), כוכב הודו (Star of India), פוליטיקה של הודו (Politics of India), רשימת השפות הלאומיות של הודו (List of national languages of India), דגל הודו (Flag of India), היסטוריה של הודו (History of India), מטבח הודי (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), הקולנוע ההודי (Cinema of India). Additional references: Ivrit, Israel, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Japanese 天竺 (India), 印度 (Hindustan, India), てんじく (celestial axis, India), インド半島 (India), インド亜大陸 (India), インド共和国 (India), マリファナ (marihuana, marijuana, pot, joint, weed), インディア (India), カンナビス (cannabis, India), インド (India, Indian, mahout, tiffin, zenana). Additional references: Japanese, Japan, Taiwan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Jing mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Jing, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kaisak Үндістан (India). Additional references: Kaisak, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kartuli ინდოეთი (India). Additional references: Kartuli, Georgia, Iran, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kazak Үндістан (India). Additional references: Kazak, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kazakh Үндістан (India). Additional references: Kazakh, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Khadi Boli भारत (India), इंडिया (India), भारत के प्रान्त एवं उनकी राजधानी (States and territories of India), भारतीय सुप्रीम कोर्ट (Supreme Court of India), इंडियाटुडे (India Today), आकाशवाणी (All India Radio, oracle, revelation), एअर इंडिया (Air India), भारत के शहर (List of cities in India), भारतीय संस्कृति (Culture of India), भारतीय खाना (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India). Additional references: Khadi Boli, India, Nepal, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Khalkha Mongolian энэтхэг улс (India), резин (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), баллуур (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Khalkha Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Khalkha (transliteration) enetkheg uls (India), rezin (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), kauchuk (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), balluur (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Khalkha Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Khari Boli भारत (India), इंडिया (India), भारत के प्रान्त एवं उनकी राजधानी (States and territories of India), भारतीय सुप्रीम कोर्ट (Supreme Court of India), इंडियाटुडे (India Today), आकाशवाणी (All India Radio, oracle, revelation), एअर इंडिया (Air India), भारत के शहर (List of cities in India), भारतीय संस्कृति (Culture of India), भारतीय खाना (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India). Additional references: Khari Boli, India, Nepal, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Khaskura भारत (India). Additional references: Khaskura, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kiga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Kiga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kinh mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Kinh, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kisuaheli Uhindi (India), Bara Hindi (India, indiar, satan), Hindi (Indian, maize, corn, India). Additional references: Kisuaheli, Tanzania, Burundi, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kiswahili Uhindi (India), Bara Hindi (India, indiar, satan), Hindi (Indian, maize, corn, India). Additional references: Kiswahili, Tanzania, Burundi, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Korean 인도인도 (India), 뭉자를 나타내는 통신 용어 (India), 인도 (India, sidewalk, delivery, pavement, walkway), 인디아 (India), 탄성고무 (gum, rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, natural rubber), 지우개 (rubber, eraser, India rubber, Indian rubber, india-rubber), 목 (neck, cervix, throat, throttle, India ink), 먹 (Chinese ink, cake ink, China ink, India ink, ink), 동인도 회사 (east India company), 황화 고무 (vulcanized India rubber). Additional references: Korean, Korea, South, Korea, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Kosach Үндістан (India). Additional references: Kosach, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Latvian Indija (India, republic of India), Indijas Republika (India, republic of India). Additional references: Latvian, Latvia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Latviska Indija (India, republic of India), Indijas Republika (India, republic of India). Additional references: Latviska, Latvia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Lettisch Indija (India, republic of India), Indijas Republika (India, republic of India). Additional references: Lettisch, Latvia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Lettish Indija (India, republic of India), Indijas Republika (India, republic of India). Additional references: Lettish, Latvia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Lietuvi Indija (India). Additional references: Lietuvi, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Litauische Indija (India). Additional references: Litauische, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Litewski Indija (India). Additional references: Litewski, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Lithuanian Indija (India). Additional references: Lithuanian, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Litovskiy Indija (India). Additional references: Litovskiy, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Liutuviskai Indija (India). Additional references: Liutuviskai, Lithuania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Luganda Buyindi (India). Additional references: Luganda, Uganda, Tanzania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Macedonian Индија (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Macedonian, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Macedonian (transliteration) indiјa (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Macedonian, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Macedonian Slavic Индија (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Macedonian Slavic, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Macedonian (transliteration) indiјa (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Macedonian Slavic, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Magyar India (India). Additional references: Magyar, Hungary, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Maharashtra भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Maharashtra, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Maharathi भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Maharathi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Makedonski Индија (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Makedonski, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Makedonski (transliteration) indiјa (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Makedonski, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malay India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Malay, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malayalam ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Malayalam, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malayalani ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Malayalani, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malayali ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Malayali, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malayu India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Malayu, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malean ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Malean, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malhatee भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Malhatee, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Maliyad ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Maliyad, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mallealle ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Mallealle, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Maltese Indja (India). Additional references: Maltese, Malta, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Malti Indja (India). Additional references: Malti, Malta, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Manx Yn Injey (India). Additional references: Manx, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Manx Gaelic Yn Injey (India). Additional references: Manx Gaelic, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Maori Inia (India), Iinia (India). Additional references: Maori, New Zealand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Marathi भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Marathi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Marthi भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Marthi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Melaju India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Melaju, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Melayu India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Melayu, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Moldavian îndia (india), India (India, Indies). Additional references: Moldavian, Romania, Hungary, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mongol энэтхэг улс (India), резин (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), баллуур (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Mongol, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mongol (transliteration) enetkheg uls (India), rezin (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), kauchuk (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), balluur (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Mongol, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mongolian энэтхэг улс (India), резин (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), баллуур (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mongolian (transliteration) enetkheg uls (India), rezin (eraser, gum, India rubber, rubber), kauchuk (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), balluur (eraser, India rubber, rubber). Additional references: Mongolian, Mongolia, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Mopla ഇന്ത്യ (India). Additional references: Mopla, India, Singapore, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Muruthu भारत (India), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (Communist Party of India). Additional references: Muruthu, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Navaho Ah-le-gai (India). Additional references: Navaho, USA, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Navajo Ah-le-gai (India). Additional references: Navajo, USA, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Nepalese भारत (India). Additional references: Nepalese, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Nepali भारत (India). Additional references: Nepali, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
New Zealand Maori Inia (India), Iinia (India). Additional references: New Zealand Maori, New Zealand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Odri ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Odri, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Odrum ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Odrum, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Oliya ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Oliya, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Oluchiga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Oluchiga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Orissa ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Orissa, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Oriya ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Oriya, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Orukiga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Orukiga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Pali 天竺 (India). Additional references: Pali, India, Myanmar, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Panjabi (Eastern Dialect) ਹਿੰਦ (India), ਭਾਰਤ (India). Additional references: Panjabi (Eastern Dialect), India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Papiam India (India). Additional references: Papiam, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Papiamen India (India). Additional references: Papiamen, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Papiamento India (India). Additional references: Papiamento, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Papiamentoe India (India). Additional references: Papiamentoe, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Papiamentu India (India). Additional references: Papiamentu, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Parbatiya भारत (India). Additional references: Parbatiya, Nepal, Bhutan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Parsi هندوستان (India), هندهستان (india), هند (India), كائوچو (India rubber, caoutchouc, rubber), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگي كه در چين ساخته ميشود (India paper), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگی كه در چين ساخته می شود (India paper), نوعي كاغذ نازك (India paper), مركب چين (India ink), كاءوچو (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), لاستيك (rubber, tire, rubbers, tires, caoutchouc). Additional references: Parsi, Iran, Indo-European, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Patués India (India). Additional references: Patués, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Persian هندوستان (India), هندهستان (india), هند (India), كائوچو (India rubber, caoutchouc, rubber), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگي كه در چين ساخته ميشود (India paper), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگی كه در چين ساخته می شود (India paper), نوعي كاغذ نازك (India paper), مركب چين (India ink), كاءوچو (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), لاستيك (rubber, tire, rubbers, tires, caoutchouc). Additional references: Persian, Iran, Indo-European, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Persian (Farsi) هندوستان (India), هندهستان (india), هند (India), كائوچو (India rubber, caoutchouc, rubber), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگي كه در چين ساخته ميشود (India paper), كاغذ مركب خشك كن نرم و كرم رنگی كه در چين ساخته می شود (India paper), نوعي كاغذ نازك (India paper), مركب چين (India ink), كاءوچو (caoutchouc, India rubber, rubber), لاستيك (rubber, tire, rubbers, tires, caoutchouc). Additional references: Persian (Farsi), Iran, Indo-European, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Pilipino Indiya (India), Indya (India). Additional references: Pilipino, Philippines, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Polish Indie (India, Indies), indyjski (Indian, India), za (behind, after, too, in, an), w czasie (during, in, pending, amid, as), od (from, of, off, a, an), na (on, for, in, upon, at), cal (inch, in, inches, horse, inaccurate), Bhaarat (India). Additional references: Polish, Poland, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Polnisch Indie (India, Indies), indyjski (Indian, India), za (behind, after, too, in, an), w czasie (during, in, pending, amid, as), od (from, of, off, a, an), na (on, for, in, upon, at), cal (inch, in, inches, horse, inaccurate), Bhaarat (India). Additional references: Polnisch, Poland, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Polski Indie (India, Indies), indyjski (Indian, India), za (behind, after, too, in, an), w czasie (during, in, pending, amid, as), od (from, of, off, a, an), na (on, for, in, upon, at), cal (inch, in, inches, horse, inaccurate), Bhaarat (India). Additional references: Polski, Poland, Czech Republic, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Portuguese Índia (India, Indian, republic of India), ndia (India), Indicador (indicator, pointer, index, indicative, cursor), IN (dis, il, im, in, UN), copal do Congo (Brazil, Congo copal, Congo gum, India), copal do Brasil (Brazil, Congo copal, India), copal da ndia (Brazil, Congo copal, India). Additional references: Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Priulian Indie (India). Additional references: Priulian, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Provençal Índia (India). Additional references: Provençal, France, Monaco, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Punjabi ਹਿੰਦ (India), ਭਾਰਤ (India). Additional references: Punjabi, India, Kenya, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Qazaq Үндістан (India). Additional references: Qazaq, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Quechua Indiya (India). Additional references: Quechua, Bolivia, Peru, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Romanian îndia (india), India (India, Indies). Additional references: Romanian, Romania, Hungary, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Rukiga Buhindi (India). Additional references: Rukiga, Uganda, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Rumanian îndia (india), India (India, Indies). Additional references: Rumanian, Romania, Hungary, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ruotsi Indien (India, Indies, republic of India), Republiken Indien (India, republic of India), IN (inside, inwards, in, into, i). Additional references: Ruotsi, Sweden, Finland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Russian Индия (India), китайская бумага (India paper), Список языков Индии (List of national languages of India), Ост-Индская компания (East India Company), Британская Ост-Индская компания (British East India Company), Буддизм в Индии (Buddhism in India), Республика Индия (the republic of India), резинка для стирания (eraser, India rubber), резинка (eraser, elastic, India rubber, rubber band), резина (rubber, gum, caoutchouc, gums, gum elastic). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Russian (transliteration) indiya (India), kitayskaya bumaga (India paper), spisok yazykov indii (List of national languages of India), ost-indskaya kompaniya (East India Company), britanskaya ost-indskaya kompaniya (British East India Company), buddizm v indii (Buddhism in India), respublika indiya (the republic of India), rezinka dlya stiraniya (eraser, India rubber), rezinka (eraser, elastic, India rubber, rubber band), rezina (rubber, gum, caoutchouc, gums, gum elastic). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Russki Индия (India), китайская бумага (India paper), Список языков Индии (List of national languages of India), Ост-Индская компания (East India Company), Британская Ост-Индская компания (British East India Company), Буддизм в Индии (Buddhism in India), Республика Индия (the republic of India), резинка для стирания (eraser, India rubber), резинка (eraser, elastic, India rubber, rubber band), резина (rubber, gum, caoutchouc, gums, gum elastic). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Russki (transliteration) indiya (India), kitayskaya bumaga (India paper), spisok yazykov indii (List of national languages of India), ost-indskaya kompaniya (East India Company), britanskaya ost-indskaya kompaniya (British East India Company), buddizm v indii (Buddhism in India), respublika indiya (the republic of India), rezinka dlya stiraniya (eraser, India rubber), rezinka (eraser, elastic, India rubber, rubber band), rezina (rubber, gum, caoutchouc, gums, gum elastic). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Rwanda Inde (India). Additional references: Rwanda, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Saami India (India). Additional references: Saami, Norway, Sweden, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Sammarinese Engia (India). Additional references: Sammarinese, San Marino, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Samoan Initia (India). Additional references: Samoan, Western Samoa, American Samoa, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Sardinian Ìndia (India). Additional references: Sardinian, Italy, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Scots Gaelic Na h-Innseachan (India). Additional references: Scots Gaelic, United Kingdom, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Serbian Индија (India). Additional references: Serbian, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Serbian (transliteration) indiјa (India), indija (India), guma (gum, India rubber, rubber, tire, india-rubber), tulaica (hose, India rubber hose, india-rubber hose, socket), polivati crevom (hose, India rubber hose, india-rubber hose), gumeno crevo (India rubber hose, india-rubber hose), kabl s gumenom izolacijom (India rubber cable), kaučuk (caoutchouc, gum elastic, India rubber, india-rubber), gumeni (India rubber, rubber), tanka oksfordska hartija za štampu (India paper), meka (buff, India paper)). Additional references: Serbian, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Shkip Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Shkip, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Shqip Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Shqip, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Shqiperë Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Shqiperë, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Siamese ประเทศอินเดีย (India, Hindustan), อินเดีย (India), ธงชาติอินเดีย (Flag of India), ภาษาราชการของอินเดีย (List of national languages of India). Additional references: Siamese, Thailand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Sindhi भारत (India). Additional references: Sindhi, Pakistan, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Sjaelland Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), republikken Indien (India, Republic of India, the republic of India), IN (advanced intelligent network, India, intortus, Republic of India), copal India (brazil, Congo copal, India), Congo (brazil, Congo, Congo copal, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India), Brazil (Congo copal, India). Additional references: Sjaelland, Denmark, Germany, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Skchip Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Skchip, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Slavic Индија (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Slavic, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Slavic (transliteration) indiјa (India), Indija (India). Additional references: Slavic, Macedonia, Albania, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovene Indija (India). Additional references: Slovene, Slovenia, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovenian Indija (India). Additional references: Slovenian, Slovenia, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovenscina Indija (India). Additional references: Slovenscina, Slovenia, Austria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Somkhuri Հնդկաստան (India). Additional references: Somkhuri, Armenia, Azerbaijan, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Spanish India (India, indian, international code of signals), Indias (Indies, Indian, India), IN (fashionable, intortus, mal, non, un), I (i, electric current intensity, India, international code of signals), del Congo (brazil, Congo copal, India), del Brasil (brazil, Congo copal, India), copal de la India (brazil, Congo copal, India), Colombia (Colombia, India, republic of Colombia). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Standard Malay India (India, of India or Indians), Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (Dutch East India Company). Additional references: Standard Malay, Malaysia, Brunei, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Standard Thai ประเทศอินเดีย (India, Hindustan), อินเดีย (India), ธงชาติอินเดีย (Flag of India), ภาษาราชการของอินเดีย (List of national languages of India). Additional references: Standard Thai, Thailand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomea Intia (India, Republic of India), Intian tasavalta (India, Republic of India), IN (inch, India, intelligent networks, Republic of India). Additional references: Suomea, Finland, Russia (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomi Intia (India, Republic of India), Intian tasavalta (India, Republic of India), IN (inch, India, intelligent networks, Republic of India). Additional references: Suomi, Finland, Russia (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Svenska Indien (India, Indies, republic of India), Republiken Indien (India, republic of India), IN (inside, inwards, in, into, i). Additional references: Svenska, Sweden, Finland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Swahili Uhindi (India), Bara Hindi (India, indiar, satan), Hindi (Indian, maize, corn, India). Additional references: Swahili, Tanzania, Burundi, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Swedish Indien (India, Indies, republic of India), Republiken Indien (India, republic of India), IN (inside, inwards, in, into, i). Additional references: Swedish, Sweden, Finland, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tagalog Indiya (India), Indya (India). Additional references: Tagalog, Philippines, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tailangi భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Tailangi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tamal இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Tamal, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tamalsan இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Tamalsan, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tambul இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Tambul, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tamil இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Tamil, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tamili இந்தியா (India), சனத்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் (States and territories of India), இந்தியஅரசியல்கட்சிகள் (List of political parties in India, List of recognised political parties in India), இந்தியாவின் புவியியல் (Geography of India), இந்தியாவின் மக்கள்தொகை பரம்பல் (Demographics of India), இந்தியாவின் பண்பாடு (Culture of India), இந்தியாவின் பொருளாதாரம் (Economy of India), இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (Communist Party of India), அனைத்திந்தியஅண்ணாதிராவிடமுன்னேற்றக்கழகம் (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam). Additional references: Tamili, India, Malaysia (Peninsular), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Telangire భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Telangire, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Telegu భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Telegu, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Telgi భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Telgi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Telugu భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Telugu, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tengu భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Tengu, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Terangi భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Terangi, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Thai ประเทศอินเดีย (India, Hindustan), อินเดีย (India), ธงชาติอินเดีย (Flag of India), ภาษาราชการของอินเดีย (List of national languages of India). Additional references: Thai, Thailand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Thaiklang ประเทศอินเดีย (India, Hindustan), อินเดีย (India), ธงชาติอินเดีย (Flag of India), ภาษาราชการของอินเดีย (List of national languages of India). Additional references: Thaiklang, Thailand, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tolangan భారత దేశము (India), ఇండ్యసంభంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య సంబంధమైన (India), ఇండ్య (India), ఉప రాష్ట్రపతి (Vice-President of India), ప్రధానమంత్రి (Prime Minister of India), రాష్ట్రపతి (President of India), భారతీయ వంటకాలు (Cuisine of Bangladesh, Cuisine of India), భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Constitution of India), భారతదేశ చరిత్ర (History of India). Additional references: Tolangan, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Tosk Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Tosk, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Turkish Hindistan (India, rupee, hind, Hindustan, the subcontinent), hint (Indian, India, broad, Indo-), Hindistan Yaz Saati (India daylight time), Hindistan Standart Saati (India standard time), basma (print, printing, calico, pressing, pressure), pelür (onionskin, flimsy, India paper, Indian paper), çini mürekkebi (Indian ink, China ink, Chinese ink, drawing ink, India ink), kauçuk conta (ferrule, India rubber packing, rubber gasket), silgi (eraser, rubber, cleaner, blackboard eraser, duster), lastik (rubber, tire, eraser, gum, galosh). Additional references: Turkish, Turkey, Bulgaria, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ukrainian індія (India). Additional references: Ukrainian, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Ukrainian (transliteration) іndіya (India), indijs'kyj (Hindu, India, Indian), indijs'ka (Hindu, India, Indian), Indija (Hindu, India, Indian)). Additional references: Ukrainian, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Urdu بھارت (India), ہندوستان۔ بھرت کھنڈ۔ آریاورت۔ بھارت۔ ہند (India), بهارت (India). Additional references: Urdu, Pakistan, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Uriya ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Uriya, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Utkali ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Utkali, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Vadiya ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Vadiya, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Vahini Jaya Deva (great poet devotee of Sri Krishna from eastern part of India). Additional references: Vahini, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Valencian India (India). Additional references: Valencian, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Vascuense India (India). Additional references: Vascuense, Spain, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Viet mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Viet, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Vietnamese mực nho (India ink, Indian ink). Additional references: Vietnamese, Viet Nam, China, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Yiddish אינדיִיע (India). Additional references: Yiddish, Argentina, Canada, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Yudhia ଭାରତ (India). Additional references: Yudhia, India, India. (volunteer & more translations)
Zhgabe Indi (India), India (India). Additional references: Zhgabe, Turkey (Europe), India. (volunteer & more translations)
Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations). Top

Constructed Language Translations: India

Language Translations for “India” or closest synonym(s); back translations in parentheses.
Athag Athagindathagiathaga (India). Additional references: Athag, India. (volunteer)
Double Dutch Agindagiaga (India). Additional references: Double Dutch, India. (volunteer)
Esperanto Hindio (India), Hindujo (India), Barato (India). Additional references: Esperanto, India. (volunteer)
Leet |[\][)|4 (India). Additional references: Leet, India. (volunteer)
Lojban barat (India). Additional references: Lojban, India. (volunteer)
Oppish Opindopiopa (India). Additional references: Oppish, India. (volunteer)
Pig Latin Indiaway (India). Additional references: Pig Latin, India. (volunteer)
Slovio Indzem (India), India (India). Additional references: Slovio, India. (volunteer)
Terran A bharat (india, wad), bhaarat (india, india), rin chen gter mdzod (compiled, india, new Delhi, structured, treasure trove of precious hidden teachings), rgya gar yul (india), rgya gar 'phags pa'i yul (india, the land of the noble ones), rgya dkar (color, india, ink, window), phags yul (india, land of superiors, noble land, noble land the land of India, syn India), phags pa'i yul (holy country India, india, land of the noble ones, noble land, noble land), indzem (india), india (india). Additional references: Terran A, India. (volunteer)
Terran B india (gharri, india). Additional references: Terran B, India. (volunteer)
Ubbi Dubbi Ubindubiuba (India). Additional references: Ubbi Dubbi, India. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top

Ancestral and Extinct Language Translations: India

Language Period Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Sanskrit 1500 BCE - present भारत (India), भारतवर्ष (India). Additional references: Sanskrit, India. (volunteer)
Latin 500 BCE - 1700 ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA (India), indiae (India), India (India), inde (from there, then, for that reason, thence, thereafter), Abutilon indicum (abutilon, country mallow, India abutilon), Maranta indica (East India arrowroot, east indian, East Indian arrowroot). Additional references: Latin, India. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top

Bible Origins and Translations: India

Language Numbers Chapter 12, Verse 1

Greek (transliterated), Septuagint - 250 BC

 kai elalhsen mariam kai aarwn kata mwush eneken thV gunaikoV thV aiqiopisshV hn elaben mwushV oti gunaika aiqiopissan elaben

Latin, Vulgate - 405

 locutaque est Maria et Aaron contra Mosen propter uxorem eius aethiopissam

English, Middle, Wycliffe - 1395

 And Mary spak and Aaron ayens Moyses, for the Ethiopis his wijf, and seiden,

English, Renaissance, Tyndale - 1526

 And Mir Iam and Aaron spake agest Moses because of his wife of inde which he had taken: for he had taken to wyfe one of India.

English, Jacobean, King James - 1611

 And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman.

English, Victorian, Webster - 1833

 And Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married: for he had married a Cushite woman.

English, Basic, Ogden - 1964

 Now Miriam and Aaron said evil against Moses, because of the Cushite woman to whom he was married, for he had taken a Cushite woman as his wife.

Bulgarian

 В това време Мариам и Аарон говориха против Моисея поради етиопянката, която бе взел за жена, (защото беше взел една етиопянка); и рекоха:

Cebuano

 ¶ Ug nanagsulti si Miriam ug si Aaron batok kang Moises tungod sa babaye nga Etiopiahanon nga iyang gipangasawa; kay siya nangasawa sa babaye nga Etiopiahanon.

Chinese

 摩 西 娶 了 古 實 女 子 為 妻 ． 米 利 暗 和 亞 倫 、 因 他 所 娶 的 古 實 女 子 、 就 毀 謗 他 、

Croatian

 A Mirjam i Aron uzeše rogoboriti protiv Mojsija zbog žene Kušanke kojom se oženio; jer bijaše uzeo za ženu jednu Kušanku.

Danish

 Mirjam og Aron tog til Orde mod Moses i Anledning af den kusjitiske Kvinde, han havde ægtet - han havde nemlig ægtet en kusjitisk Kvinde -

Dutch

 Mirjam nu sprak, en Aaron, tegen Mozes, ter oorzake der vrouw, der Cuschietische, die hij genomen had; want hij had een Cuschietische ter vrouw genomen.

Finnish

 Mutta Mirjam ja Aaron parjasivat Moosesta etiopialaisen naisen tähden, jonka hän oli ottanut vaimokseen; sillä hän oli ottanut vaimokseen etiopialaisen naisen.

French

 Marie et Aaron parlèrent contre Moïse au sujet de la femme éthiopienne qu`il avait prise, car il avait pris une femme éthiopienne.

German

 Und Mirjam und Aaron redeten wider Mose um seines Weibes willen, der Mohrin, die er genommen hatte, darum daß er eine Mohrin zum Weibe genommen hatte,

Haitian Creole

 Moyiz te marye ak yon fanm peyi Etiopi. Miryam ak Arawon t'ap pale Moyiz mal sou sa.

Hungarian

 Miriám pedig és Áron szólának Mózes ellen a kúsita asszony miatt, a kit feleségül võn, mert kúsita asszonyt vett vala feleségül.

Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari

 Musa telah mengambil seorang wanita Kus menjadi istrinya, dan hal itu dijadikan alasan oleh Miryam dan Harun untuk mencela Musa.

Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama

 Bermula, maka berbantah-bantahanlah Miryam dan Harun dengan Musa sebab hal perempuan Kusyi yang telah diambilnya, karena diperisterikannya seorang perempuan Kusyi.

Italian

 Maria e Aronne parlarono contro Mosè a causa della donna etiope che aveva sposata; infatti aveva sposato una Etiope.

Korean

 모 세 가 구 스 여 자 를 취 하 였 더 니 그 구 스 여 자 를 취 하 였 으 므 로 미 리 암 과 아 론 이 모 세 를 비 방 하 니 라

Maori

 Na ka whakahe a Miriama rau ko Arona ki a Mohi mo te wahine Kuhi i marenatia e ia: he wahine Kuhi hoki tana i marena ai.

Norwegian

 Mirjam og Aron knurrer mot Moses, 1-3. Herren irettesetter dem; Mirjam blir spedalsk, 4-10. På Arons forbønn beder Moses til Herren for henne; Herren helbreder henne, 11-15. Folket kommer til Paran, 16.
Engang talte Mirjam og Aron ille om Moses for den etiopiske kvinnes skyld som han hadde tatt til hustru; for han hadde ektet en etiopisk kvinne.

Portuguese

 Ora, falaram Miriã e Arão contra Moisés ,por causa da mulher cuchita que este tomara; porquanto tinha tomado uma mulher cuchita.   

Rumanian

 Maria wi Aaron au vorbit kmpotriva lui Moise din pricina femeii etiopiane pe care o luase el de nevastq; cqci luase o femeie etiopianq.

Spanish

 María y Aarón hablaron contra Moisés a causa de la mujer cusita que había tomado, porque él había tomado por mujer a una cusita.

Swedish

 Mirjam och Aron sätta sig upp emot Mose. Mirjam straffas.
Och Mirjam jämte Aron talade illa om Mose för den etiopiska kvinnans skull som han hade tagit till hustru; han hade nämligen tagit en etiopisk kvinna till hustru.

Thai

 มิเรียมและอาโรนได้พูดติโมเสส เหตุหญิงคนเอธิโอเปียที่ท่านได้แต่งงานด้วย เพราะโมเสสได้แต่งงานกับหญิงคนเอธิโอเปียคนหนึ่ง

Ukrainian

 І нарікали Маріям та Аарон на Мойсея за жінку кушитянку, що взяв, бо він узяв був жінку кушитянку.

Vietnamese

 Mi-ri-am vaø A-roân noùi haønh Moâi-se veà vieäc ngöôøi nöơ EÂ-thi-oâ-bi maø ngöôøi ñaơ laáy; v́ ngöôøi coù laáy moät ngöôøi nöơ EÂ-thi-oâ-bi laøm vôï.
Source: complied by the editor. Top