Webster's Online Dictionary
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Definition: HOLDEN

Part of Speech Definition
Expression 1. Of Hold.[Websters].

Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

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"Holden" is a common misspelling or typo for: golden, holdens.

Date "Holden" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references)

Common Expressions: HOLDEN

Expressions Definition
Bill Holden Bill Holden (born 1948 in Elgin, Illinois), is a teacher who embarked in a 2,100 miles walk, from Arizona to Chicago, during 2005, hoping to raise $250,000 dollars to be donated to the American Diabetes Association so that a cure for juvenile diabetes can be found. Holden made national headlines with his walk. (references)
Bob Holden Bob Holden (born August 24, 1949, in Kansas City, Missouri), former Governor of Missouri, is an American politician of the Democratic Party. (references)
Charles Holden Charles Henry Holden (12 May 1875 - 1 May 1960) was an English architect known for his designs of stations on the London Underground railway system. (references)
Edward Singleton Holden Edward Singleton Holden (November 5,1846 - March 16,1914) was an American astronomer. (references)
Formula Holden Formula Holden is the top open wheel racing category in Australia. It is based on 3.8 litre (3.6 litre from 2005) V6 Holden engines mounted in ex-Formula 3000-class chassis (almost always from Japan). It was the category that awarded the CAMS Gold Star and Australian Driver's Championship. From 2005 the Gold Star has moved to Australian Formula Three. The drivers in the series tend to be a mix of older drivers who own their own cars, or very young Oceanic or South Asian drivers looking to make a name for themselves in the international scene. Although technically using cars and engines just a step below Formula One, the lack of competition in the series means that drivers tend to progress from Formula 4000 a minor series in Europe (Will Power, British Formula Three) or North America (Scott Dixon, Indy Lights). (references)
Holden (lunar crater) Holden is a lunar crater attached to the southeast rim of the much larger Vendelinus crater. The crater rim is impacted by a craterlet on the north-northwest, and it possesses a terrace along the northeast interior wall. The floor of the crater is flat with no central peak. There is a small crater on the floor just to the south of the mid-point. (references)
Holden (Martian crater) Holden is a 140km wide crater on Mars, located with the southern highlands. It is named after Edward Singleton Holden, an American astronomer. (references)
Holden Apollo The Holden Apollo was an automobile that was a badge-engineered version of the Toyota Camry sold in Australia, built from 1989 to 1997 (paralleling two generations of Camry). There were some minor differences in the grille, trim and rear end. It was less successful than the original Camry and was eventually replaced in the Australian market by the Opel Vectra B, locally built and sold as the Holden Vectra. (references)
Holden Arboretum The Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, USA, is one of largest arboretums and botanical gardens in the United States, with over 3,400 acres (1,376 ha), 600 acres (243 ha) of which are devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make up the rest of the holdings. The Arboretum's collection includes 9,400 different kinds of woody plants, representing 79 plant families. (references)
Holden Astra 2004 Holden Astra, AH seriesThe Holden Astra is a compact car sold by General Motors in Australia and New Zealand. Between 1984 and 1989, it was an Australian-made, rebadged Nissan Pulsar, sold in Australia only. Nissan Pulsars sold in that market were, at the time, Nissan Langleys, while the Astra had a Pulsar-like grille with the Holden lion badge. These were known as the LB and LC series Astras. (references)
------------------ 47 common expressions abridged ---------------

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: HOLDEN

Holden

GM Holden Ltd
Type Private
Founded 1856
Headquarters Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Key people Mark Reuss
Chairman and Managing Director
Industry Automotive
Products Automobiles
Engines
Employees 7015 (March 2008)
Parent General Motors
Website www.holden.com.au

GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The company was originally independent, but since 1931 has been a subsidiary of General Motors (GM). Holden has taken charge of vehicle operations for GM in Australasia and, on behalf of GM, holds partial ownership of GM Daewoo in South Korea. Over the years, Holden has offered a broad range of locally produced vehicles, supplemented by imported GM models. In the past, Holden has offered badge engineered Isuzu, Nissan, Suzuki and Toyota models in sharing arrangements.

Holden bodyworks are manufactured at Elizabeth, South Australia, and engines are produced at the Fishermens Bend plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria. Historically, production or assembly plants were operated in all mainland states of Australia: Acacia Ridge, Queensland; Dandenong, Victoria; Mosman Park, Western Australia; Pagewood, New South Wales; and Woodville, South Australia. Until 1990, GM's New Zealand subsidiary Holden New Zealand operated a plant based in Trentham, with a plant in Petone running until 1984. The consolidation of car production at Elizabeth was completed in 1988, but some assembly operations continued at Dandenong until 1996.

Although Holden's involvement in exports has fluctuated since the 1950s, the declining sales of large cars in Australia has led the company to look to international markets to increase profitability; in 2006, exports alone accounted for almost AU$1.3 billion in earnings.

History of the marque

Early history

In 1852, James Alexander Holden emigrated to South Australia from England and in 1856 established J.A. Holden & Co, a saddlery business in Adelaide.[1] Edward Holden, James' son, joined the firm in 1905 with an interest in automobiles.[2] From there, the firm evolved through various partnerships and, in 1908, Holden and Frost moved into the business of minor repairs to car upholstery.[3] The company began to produce complete motorcycle sidecar bodies in 1913, and Edward experimented with fitting bodies to different types of carriages.[4] After 1917, wartime trade restrictions led the company to start full-scale production of vehicle body shells.

J.A. Holden founded a new company in 1919, Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd (HMBB) specialising in car bodies. By 1923, HMBB were producing 12,000 units per year.[3] During this time, HMBB was the first company to assemble bodies for Ford Australia until their Geelong, Victoria, plant was completed.[5] From 1924, HMBB became the exclusive supplier of car bodies for GM in Australia, with manufacturing taking place at the new Woodville, South Australia plant.[6] These bodies were made to suit a number of chassis imported from manufacturers such as Chevrolet and Dodge.[3] The Great Depression era led to a substantial downturn in production, from 34,000 units annually in 1930 to just 1,651 units one year later.[3] In 1931, General Motors purchased the business and formed General Motors–Holden's Ltd.[7] Since then, two name changes have occurred: the first, in 1998, changed the name to Holden Ltd, and the second, in May 2005, to GM Holden Ltd.[8]

1940s

Holden's first full-scale car factory, located in Fishermens Bend (Port Melbourne), was completed in 1936, with construction beginning in 1939 on a new plant in Pagewood, New South Wales.[4] However, World War II delayed car production with efforts shifted to the construction of vehicle bodies, field guns, aircraft and engines.[6] Before the war ended, the Australian Government took steps to encourage an Australian automotive industry.[9] Both General Motors and Ford provided studies to the Australian Government outlining the production of the first Australian designed car. Ford's proposal was the government's first choice, but required substantial financial assistance. General Motors' study was ultimately chosen because of its low level of government intervention.[10] After the war, Holden returned to producing vehicle bodies, this time for Buick, Chevrolet, Pontiac and Vauxhall.[11]

The Holden 50-2106 utility launched in 1951, three years after the 48-215 sedan.

From here, Holden continued to pursue the goal of producing an Australian car. This involved compromise with General Motors, as Holden's managing director, Laurence Hartnett, favoured development of a local design, while GM preferred to see an American design as the basis for "Australia's Own Car".[12] In the end, the design was based on a previously rejected post-war Chevrolet proposal.[13] The Holden was launched in 1948, creating long waiting lists extending through 1949 and beyond.[14] Although officially designated "48-215", the car was marketed simply as the "Holden".[15] The unofficial usage of the name "FX" originated within Holden, referring to the updated suspension 48-215 of 1953.[16]

1950s

During the 1950s, Holden dominated the Australian car market. General Motors invested heavily in production capacity, which allowed the company to meet increased post-war demand for motor cars.[4] Less expensive four-cylinder cars did not offer Holden's ability to deal with rugged rural areas.[10][17] 48-215 sedans were produced in parallel with the 50-2106 coupé utility from 1951; the latter was known colloquially as the "ute" and became ubiquitous in Australian rural areas as the workhorse of choice. Production of both the ute and sedan continued with minor changes until 1953, when they were replaced by the facelifted FJ model, introducing a third panel van body style.[18] The FJ was the first major change to the Holden since its 1948 introduction. Over time it gained iconic status and remains one of Australia's most recognisable automotive symbols.[19] A new horizontally slatted grille dominated the front-end of the FJ, which had other trim changes, along with a large rear window, but no changes were made to the body panels.[20] Although little changed from the 48-215, marketing campaigns and price cuts kept FJ sales steady until a completely redesigned model was launched.[21] At the 2005 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney, Holden paid homage to the FJ with the Efijy concept car.[22]

The EK of 1960 was Holden's response to the Ford Falcon, with the availability of automatic transmission.

Holden's next model, the FE, launched in 1956; offered in a new station wagon body style dubbed "Station Sedan" in the company's sales literature.[23] Strong sales continued in Australia, and Holden achieved a market share of more than 50 percent in 1958 with the revised FC model.[24] This was the first Holden to be tested on the new Holden Proving Ground based in Lang Lang, Victoria.[25] The opening of the Dandenong, Victoria, production facility in 1956 brought further jobs; by 1959 Holden employed 19,000 workers country-wide.[26]

1960s

In the 1960s, Holden faced serious competition for the first time; its major competitors began to import cars.[27] In 1960, the company introduced its third major new model, the FB. The car's style was inspired by 1950s’ Chevrolets, with tailfins and a wrap-around windshield with "dog leg" A-pillars. By the time it was introduced, many considered the appearance dated. Much of the motoring industry at the time noted that the adopted style did not translate well to the more compact Holden.[28] The FB became the first Holden that was adapted for left-hand-drive markets, enhancing its export potential.[29]

The iconic Holden Monaro coupé introduced in 1968; based on the mainstream Kingswood has since gained a cult following.

In 1960, Ford unveiled the new Falcon in Australia, only months after its introduction in the United States. To Holden's advantage, the Falcon was not durable, particularly in the front suspension, making it ill-suited for Australian conditions.[30] In response to the Falcon, Holden introduced the facelifted EK in 1961; the new model featured two-tone paintwork and optional Hydramatic automatic transmission.[31] An all-new EJ model came in 1962, debuting the new luxury oriented "Premier" model.[32] The EH update came a year later bringing the new Red motor, providing better performance than the previous Grey motor.[33] The HD series of 1965 saw the introduction of the Powerglide automatic transmission,[34] and the "X2" performance option with a more powerful version of the 179 cubic inches (2.9 L) six-cylinder engine together with a special instrument cluster.[35] 1966 saw the introduction of the HR, selling over 250,000 units in two years. Changes came in the form of new front and rear styling and higher-capacity engines. More significantly, the HR fitted standard front seat belts; Holden thus became the first Australian automaker to provide the safety device as standard equipment across all models.[36] This coincided with the completion of the production plant in Acacia Ridge, Queensland.[4]

Holden began assembling the compact HA series Vauxhall Viva in 1964. This was superseded by the Holden Torana in 1967, a development of the Viva ending Vauxhall production in Australia.[37] Holden offered the LC, a Torana with new styling, in 1969 with the availability of Holden's six-cylinder engine. In the development days, the six-cylinder Torana was reserved for motor racing, but research had shown that there was a business case for such a model.[38]

Holden's association with the manufacture of Chevrolets and Pontiacs ended in 1968, coinciding with Holden's next major new model, the HK.[39] This included Holden's first V8 engine, a Chevrolet engine imported from Canada.[40] Models based on the HK series included an extended-length prestige model, the Brougham, and a two-door coupé, the Monaro.[41] The mainstream Holden Special was rebranded the Kingswood, and the basic fleet model, the Standard, became the Belmont.[42] The first Australian-designed and mass-produced V8, the Holden V8 engine debuted in the Hurricane concept of 1969, before being applied to facelifted HT model. This was available in two capacities: 253 cubic inches (4.1 L) referred to as a 4.2L and 308 cubic inches (5.0 L).[43]

The UC, Holden's final iteration of the Torana was replaced by an interim four-cylinder version of the Commodore until Camria launched in 1982.

Despite the arrival of serious competitors—namely, the Ford Falcon, Chrysler Valiant, and Japanese cars—in the 1960s, Holden's locally produced large six- and eight-cylinder cars remained Australia's top-selling vehicles. Sales were boosted by exporting the Kingswood sedan, station wagon, and utility body styles to places such as Indonesia, Trinidad and Tobago, and South Africa in complete knock down form.[44]

1970s

In 1970, Holden transformed the Woodville, South Australia, factory into an AU$16.5 million Tri-Matic automatic transmission plant.[4] The new three-speed transmission debuted in the HG.[45] The following year, Holden launched the new HQ series.[46] At this time, the company was producing all of its passenger cars in Australia, and every model was of Australian design; however, by the end of the decade, Holden was producing cars based on overseas designs. The HQ was thoroughly re-engineered, featuring a perimeter frame and semi-monocoque (unibody) construction. Other firsts included an all-coil suspension and an extended wheelbase for station wagons, while the utilities and panel vans retained the traditional coil/leaf suspension configuration.[47] The series included the new prestige Statesman brand, which also had a longer wheelbase replacing the Brougham.[48] The Statesman remains noteworthy because it was not marketed as a "Holden", but rather a "Statesman";[49] this model was also exported as a Chevrolet to foreign markets.

Holden's HJ (pictured), was a facelift of the record-selling HQ, with more than 480,000 units shifted throughout the car's lifetime.

The HQ framework led to a new generation of two-door Monaros, and, despite the introduction of the similar sized competitors, the HQ range became the top-selling Holden of all time, with 485,650 units sold in three years.[50] The HQ series was uplifted in 1974 with the introduction of the HJ, heralding new front panel styling and a revised rear fascia.[51] This new bodywork was to remain, albeit with minor upgrades through the HX and HZ series.[52] Detuned engines adhering to government emission standards were brought in with the HX series, whilst the HZ brought considerably improved road handling and comfort with the introduction of "Radial Tuned Suspension" (RTS).[53]

During the 1970s, Holden ran an advertising jingle "Football, Meat Pies, Kangaroos and Holden cars", based on the "Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pies and Chevrolet" jingle used in the United States.[54] Also, development of the Torana continued in with the larger mid-sized LH series released in 1974, offered only as a four-door sedan.[55] The LH Torana was one of the few cars worldwide engineered to occupy four-, six-and eight-cylinder engines.[56] This trend continued until Holden introduced the Sunbird in 1976; essentially the four-cylinder Torana with a new name.[55] Designated LX, both the Sunbird and Torana introduced a three-door hatchback variant.[57] A final UC update appeared in 1978.[58] During its production run, the Torana achieved legendary racing success in Australia, achieving victories at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales.[59]

The Commodore followed the success of its forebear, the Kingswood, becoming Holden's bestselling vehicle to date.

In 1975, Holden introduced the compact Gemini, the Australian version of the "T-car", based on the Opel Kadett C. The Gemini was an overseas design developed jointly with Isuzu, GM's Japanese affiliate; and was powered by a 1.6 litre four-cylinder engine.[60] Fast becoming a popular car, the Gemini rapidly attained sales leadership in its class, and the nameplate lived on until 1987.[61]

Holden's most popular car to date, the Commodore, was introduced in 1978 as the VB.[62] The new family car was loosely based on the Opel Rekord E body shell, but with the front from the Opel Senator grafted to accommodate the larger Holden six-cylinder and V8 engines. Initially, the Commodore maintained Holden's sales leadership in Australia.[63] However, some of the compromises resulting from the adoption of a design intended for another market hampered the car's acceptance. In particular, it was narrower than its predecessor and its Falcon rival, making it less comfortable for three rear-seat passengers.[64]

Holden discontinued the Torana in 1979 and the Sunbird in 1980. After the 1978 introduction of the Commodore, the Torana became the "in-between" car, surrounded by the smaller and more economical Gemini and the larger, more sophisticated Commodore. The closest successor to the Torana was the Camira, released in 1982 as Australia's version of GM's medium-sized "J-car".[65]

1980s

After a good start, sales of the Camira, Holden's version of the global "J-car" platform slumped significantly. This placed a huge financial burden on the Australian subsidiary, which was already operating at a loss at this time.

The 1980s were challenging for Holden and the Australian car industry. The Australian Government tried to revive the industry with the Button car plan, which encouraged car makers to focus on producing fewer models at higher, more economical volumes, and to export cars.[66] The decade opened with the shut-down of the Pagewood, New South Wales production plant and introduction of the light commercial Rodeo, sourced from Isuzu in Japan.[4] The Rodeo was available in both two- and four-wheel drive chassis cab models with a choice of petrol and diesel powerplants.[67] The range was updated in 1988 with the TF series, based on the Isuzu TF.[4]

Holden introduced the new WB series utilities, panel vans and limousines in 1980. However, the design, based on the HQ and updated HJ, HX and HZ models from the 1970s could not compete with similar models in Ford's lineup. Thus, Holden abandoned those vehicle classes all together in 1984.[46] Sales of the Commodore also fell, with the effects of the 1979 energy crisis lessening, and for the first time the Commodore lost ground to the Ford Falcon. Sales in other segments also suffered when competition from Ford intensified, and other Australian manufacturers: Mitsubishi, Nissan and Toyota gained market share.[68] When released in 1982, the Camira initially generated good sales, which later declined because buyers considered the 1.6 litre engine underpowered, and the car's build and ride quality below-average.[65] The Camira lasted just seven years, and contributed to Holden's accumulated losses of over AU$500 million by the mid-1980s.[69]

The second generation Commodore (VN Calais pictured) overcame the previous generations' width problems.

In 1984 Holden introduced the VK Commodore, with significant styling changes from the previous VH. The Commodore was next updated in 1986 as the VL, which had new front and rear styling.[70] Controversially, the VL was powered by the 3.0 litre Nissan RB30 six-cylinder engine and had an electronically controlled four-speed automatic transmission. The engine change was necessitated by the legal requirement that all new cars sold in Australia after 1986 had to consume unleaded petrol.[71] Because it was unfeasible to convert the existing six-cylinder engine to run on unleaded fuel, the Nissan engine was chosen as the best engine available. However, changing exchange rates doubled the cost of the engine and transmission over the life of the VL.[72] The decision to opt for a Japanese-made transmission led to the closure of the Woodville, South Australia assembly plant. This came after Holden reorganised and recapitalised the business in 1985; separating the engine and car manufacturing divisions in the process.[73] For the most part, car bodies were now manufactured at Elizabeth, South Australia, with engines as before, confined to the Fishermens Bend plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The engine manufacturing business was successful, building four-cylinder Family II engines for use in cars built overseas.[74] Confident by the apparent sign of turnaround, General Motors paid off Holden's mounted losses of AU$780 million on 19 December 1986.[73] The final phase of the Commodore's recovery strategy involved the 1988 VN, a significantly wider model powered by the American-designed, Australian-assembled 3.8 litre Buick V6 engine.[64]

Holden began to sell the subcompact Suzuki Swift-based Barina in 1985.[75] In the previous year, Nissan Pulsar hatchbacks were rebadged as the Holden Astra, as a result of a deal with Nissan.[76] This arrangement ceased in 1988 when Holden entered a new alliance with Toyota, forming a new company: United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI). UAAI resulted in Holden selling rebadged versions of Toyota's Corolla and Camry, as the Holden Nova and Apollo respectively, with Toyota re-branding the Commodore as the Lexcen.[77]

1990s

Commodore VT, introduced in 1997 marked the Commodore's global expansion. VTs were first exported in 1998 to the Middle East, South Africa and Southeast Asia as the Chevrolet Lumina, and to Brazil as the Chevrolet Omega.

The company changed throughout the 1990s, increasing its Australian market share from 21 percent in 1991 to 28.2 percent in 1999.[78] Besides manufacturing Australia's bestselling car, which was exported in significant numbers, Holden continued to export many locally produced engines to power cars made elsewhere. In this decade, Holden adopted a strategy of importing cars it needed to offer a full range of competitive vehicles.[79]

On 26 April 1990 GM's New Zealand subsidiary, Holden New Zealand, announced that production at the assembly plant based in Trentham would be phased out and that vehicles would be imported duty-free. This came after the 1984 closure of the Petone assembly line due to low output volumes.[80] During the 1990s Holden, other Australian automakers and trade unionists pressured the Australian Government to halt the lowering of car import tariffs. By 1997, the federal government had already cut tariffs to 22.5 percent from 57.5 percent ten years earlier, and by 2000 were planning to reduce this even further down to 15 percent. Holden was critical, saying that Australia's population was not large enough, and that the changes could tarnish the local industry.[81]

The 1998 Holden Astra continued Holden's trend of sorucing its mid-size and smaller model lines from Opel of Europe. Before this, the government-backed Button car plan obliged Holden to source these models from Toyota.

Holden re-introduced its defunct Statesman name in 1990, this time under the Holden marque, as the Statesman and Caprice. For 1991, Holden updated the Statesman and Caprice with a range of improvements, including the introduction of four-wheel anti-lock brakes,[82] although a rear-wheel system had been standard on the Statesman Caprice from March 1976.[55] This feature was added to short-wheelbase Commodore range in 1992.[83] Another returning variant was the full-size utility, this time based on the Commodore.[84] The VN Commodore received a major facelift in 1993 with the VR. Compared to the VN, approximately 80 percent of car was new. Exterior changes brought an overall smoother body and a "twin-kidney" grille—a Commodore styling trait which remained until the 2002 VY model.[85] Holden introduced the all-new VT Commodore in 1997, the outcome of an AU$600 million development programme that spanned more than half a decade. The new model sported a rounded exterior body shell, improved dynamics, and many firsts for an Australian-built car. A stronger body structure increased crash safety.[86] A revived Monaro, based on the VT Commodore, attracted world wide attention after being shown as a concept car at Australian auto shows, and it drew a large waiting list after production began. The revived Monaro was released to the Australian market in 2001 and ceased production in 2005.[87] The Buick-sourced V6 engine, produced locally, powered the Commodore range, as did the 5.0 L (≈305 cu in) V8 engine, replaced in 1999 by the 5.7 L (≈348 cu in) GM LS unit.[88]

The UAAI badge-engineered cars first introduced in the 1980s sold poorly, but the Holden Commodore, Toyota Camry, and Corolla were all successful when sold under their original nameplates.[89] UAAI was dissolved in 1996, and Holden returned to selling only GM products.[73] This signalled the closure of the Dandenong, Victoria facility, the sole plant for Corolla and Nova production.[90] The Holden Astra and Vectra, both designed by Opel in Germany, replaced the Toyota-sourced Holden Nova and Apollo. This came after the 1994 introduction of the Opel Corsa replacing the already available Suzuki Swift as the source for the Holden Barina.[91] Assembly of Vectra began at Elizabeth, South Australia in 1998, and these cars were exported to Japan and Southeast Asia with Opel badges.[92][93] However, the Vectra did not achieve sufficient sales in Australia to justify local assembly, and reverted to being fully imported in 2000.[94]

2000s

Statesman/Caprice long-wheelbase models (WM Caprice pictured) play a vital role in Holden's export programme. WM series vehicles are sent abroad as the Chevrolet Caprice in the Middle East, and as the Buick Park Avenue and Daewoo Veritas in Asian markets.

Holden's market surge from the 1990s reversed in the 2000s. In Australia, Holden's market share dropped from 27.5 percent in 2000 to 15.2 percent in 2006.[78][95] From March 2003, Holden no longer held the number one sales position in Australia, losing ground to Toyota.[96] This overall downturn affected Holden's profits; the company recorded a combined gain of AU$842.9 million between 2002 and 2004, and a loss of AU$290 million between 2005 and 2006.[97] Factors contributing to the loss included the development of an all-new model, the strong Australian dollar and the cost of reducing the workforce at the Elizabeth plant, including the loss of 1,400 jobs after the closure of the third-shift assembly line in 2005, after just two years in operation.[98] Holden fared better in 2007, posting an AU$6 million loss.[99] Holden caused controversy in 2005 with their Holden Employee Pricing television advertisement, which ran between October and December 2005. The campaign publicised that "For the first time ever, all Australians can enjoy the financial benefit of Holden Employee Pricing". However, this did not include a discounted dealer delivery fee and savings on factory fitted options and accessories that employees received. At the same time, employees were given a further discount between 25 and 29 percent on selected models.[100]

The VT Commodore received its first major update in 2002 with the VY series. A mildly facelifted VZ model launched in 2004, introducing the GM High Feature engine.[101] This was built at the Fishermens Bend facility completed in 2003, with a maximum output 900 engines per day. This has reportedly added AU$5.2 billion to the Australian economy; exports account for about AU$450 million alone.[102] After the VZ, the High Feature engine powered the all-new VE Commodore. In contrast to previous models, the VE no longer utilises an Opel-sourced platform adapted both mechanically and in size.[103] Throughout the 1990s, Opel had also been the source of many Holden models. To increase profitability, Holden looked to the South Korean Daewoo brand for replacements after acquiring a 44.6 percent stake in the company in 2002.[104] The first of such models, the Barina was replaced by the Daewoo Kalos in 2005, still under the Barina nameplate.[105] In the same year, the Viva, based on the Daewoo Lacetti, replaced the entry-level Holden Astra Classic, although a new Astra came about in 2004.[106] The Captiva crossover SUV came next in 2006. After discontinuing the Frontera and Jackaroo models in 2003, Holden was only left with one all-wheel drive model: the Adventra, a Commodore-based station wagon.[107] The fourth model to be replaced with a South Korean alternative was the Vectra, by the mid-size Epica in 2007.[108] As a result of the split between GM and Isuzu, Holden in 2008 lost of the naming rights to the "Rodeo" nameplate. Consequently, the Holden Rodeo was facelifted and sold as the Holden Colorado.[109]

Vehicle lineup

Holden, a subsidiary of General Motors, automobile timeline, 1948–present
Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Type
8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Subcompact Barina (MB/ML) Barina (MF/MH) Barina (SB) Barina (XC) Barina (TK) Subcompact
Compact Torana (HB) Torana (LC/LJ/TA) Gemini (TX/TC/TD/TE/TF/TG) Gemini (RB) Viva (JF) Compact
Astra (LB/LC) Astra (LD) Nova (LE/LF) Nova (LG) Astra (TR) Astra (TS) Astra (AH)
Mid-size Sunbird/Torana (LH/LX/UC) Camira (JB/JD/JE) Apollo (JK/JL) Apollo (JM/JP) Vectra (JR/JS) Vectra (ZC) Epica (EP) Mid-size
Standard/Business/Special (48-215/FJ) Standard/Business/Special (FE/FC) Standard/Special (FB/EK) Standard/Special/Premier (EJ/EH) Standard/Special/Premier (HD/HR) Commodore/Calais/Royale (VB/VC/VH/VK/VL)
Full-size Belmont/Kingswood/Premier (HK/HT/HG) Belmont/Kingswood/Premier/GTS (HQ/HJ/HX/HZ) Commodore/Berlina/Calais/Royale (VN/VP/VR/VS) Commodore/Berlina/Calais (VT/VX/VY/VZ) Commodore/Berlina/Calais (VE) Full-size
Brougham (HK/HT/HG) Statesman/Caprice (VQ/VR/VS) Statesman/Caprice (WH/WK/WL) Statesman/Caprice (WM)
Sports Piazza (YB) Calibra (YE) Tigra (XC) Sports
Monaro (HK/HT/HG) Monaro/Limited Edition (HQ/HJ/HX) Monaro (V2/VZ)
Utility Rodeo (KB) Rodeo (TF) Rodeo (RA) Colorado (RC) Utility
Utility (50-2106/FJ) Utility (FE/FC) Utility (FB/EK) Utility (EJ/EH) Utility (HD/HR) Belmont/Kingswood (HK/HT/HG) Belmont/Kingswood/Utility/One Tonner (HQ/HJ/HX/HZ/WB) Commodore (VG/VP/VR/VS) Ute/One Tonner/Crewman (VU/VY/VZ) Ute (VE)
Van Gemini (TD/TE/TF/TG) Scurry (NB) Combo (SB) Combo (XC) Van
Panel van (FJ) Panel van (FE/FC) Panel van (FB/EK) Panel van (EJ/EH) Panel van (HD/HR) Belmont (HK/HT/HG) Belmont/Kingswood/Panel van (HQ/HJ/HX/HZ/WB)
Shuttle (WFR) Zafira (TT)
Mini SUV Drover (QB) Cruze (YG) Mini SUV
Mid-size SUV Frontera (UT) Frontera (UE) Adventra (VY/VZ) Captiva (CG) Mid-size SUV
Jackaroo (UBS-1) Jackaroo/Monterey (UBS-2) Captiva MaXX (CG)
Full-size SUV Suburban (K8) Full-size SUV
List of Holden vehicles

Corporate affairs and identity

Holden logos from 1928 (left) and 1972 (right).
2007 sales and production[110]
Vehicle sales Units
Passenger vehicles 108,848
Light commercial vehicles 30,741
Sport utility vehicles 11,091
Total 146,680
Vehicle production Units
Total 107,795
Engine production Units
Family II 136,699
High Feature 132,722
Total 269,421
Exports Units
Engines 173,463
Vehicles 36,534
Total 209,997

As of November 2008, chairman and managing director Mark Reuss heads operations at Holden. Executives of secondary departments include: Alan Batey (Sales, Marketing and Aftersales), Mark Bernhard (Finance), Pierre Matthee (Information Systems and Services), Greg Tyus (Engineering), Rod Keane (Manufacturing), Richard Miziewicz (Customer Satisfaction and Quality), Pete Keley (Planning and Program Management), Raymundo Garza (Global Purchasing and Supply Chain), Robert Pantano (Executive Director, Holden Program Management and Director, Global RWD Program Management), Scott Sandefur (Human Resources), Jason Laird (Corporate Affairs). Vehicles are sold countrywide through the Holden Dealer Network (310 authorised stores and 12 service centres), which employs more than 13,500 people.[110]

Since the 1960s, Holden models have been a staple of domestic touring car racing, and the quasi-factory Holden Racing Team (HRT) has successfully participated in V8 Supercar racing.[111] In 1987, Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) was formed in partnership with Tom Walkinshaw, who primarily manufactures modified, high-performance Commodore variants.[112] To further reinforce the brand, HSV introduced the HSV Dealer Team into the V8 Supercar fold in 2005 under the naming rights of HSV Toll Racing.[113]

The logo, or "Holden lion and stone" as it is known, has played a vital role in establishing Holden's identity. In 1928, Holden's Motor Body Builders appointed Rayner Hoff to design the emblem. The logo refers to a prehistoric fable, in which observations of lions rolling stones led to the invention of the wheel. With the 1948 launch of the 48-215, Holden revised its logo and commissioned another redesign in 1972 to better represent the company.[114] The emblem was reworked once more in 1994.[115]

Sales in the Australian market between 1991 and 2006

Exports

Holden began to export vehicles in 1954, sending the FJ to New Zealand.[116] Exports to New Zealand have continued ever since, but to broaden their export potential, Holden began to cater their Commodore, Monaro and Statesman models for both right- and left-hand drive markets. The Middle East is now Holden's largest export market, with the Commodore sold as the Chevrolet Lumina since 1998, and the Statesman since 1999 as the Chevrolet Caprice.[92] Commodores are also sold as the Chevrolet Lumina in Brunei, Fiji and South Africa, to Brazil as the Chevrolet Omega and to North America as the Pontiac G8.[110][117] The long-wheelbase Statesman model was sold previously in China as the Buick Royaum, before being replaced by the Statesman-based Buick Park Avenue.[118] Beginning in 2005, Statesman exports began in South Korea, sold as the Daewoo Statesman, and later as the Daewoo Veritas.[119] Sales of the Monaro began in 2003 to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina Coupe. Later on in the year, a modified version of the Monaro began selling in North America as the Pontiac GTO, and under the Monaro name through Vauxhall dealerships in the United Kingdom. This arrangement continued through to 2005 when the car was discontinued.[120] Holden's move into international markets has been profitable; export revenue increased from AU$973 million in 1999 to just under $1.3 billion in 2006.[121][117]

Notes

  1. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 16
  2. Hancock, Joan; Richards, Eric. "Holden, Sir Edward Wheewall (1885 - 1947)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Publishing. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  3. a b c d "Holden History". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  4. a b c d e f g "Holden Company Milestones". General Motors. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  5. "Submission to Automotive Enquiry" (PDF). Productivity Commission. Government of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
  6. a b "The Holden car in Australia". Government of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  7. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 6
  8. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 9
  9. "The Holden Ute History". Holden New Zealand (2007-08-22). Retrieved on 2008-02-26.
  10. a b "Road transport". National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on 2005-10-25.
  11. Grant, Tina, ed (2004). "Holden Ltd.". International Directory of Company Histories. 62. Thomson Gale. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Holden-Ltd-Company-History.html. Retrieved on 28 February 2008. 
  12. Loffler (2006), p. 5–7
  13. Loffler (2000), p. 5
  14. "The Birth of 'Australia's Own Car'". GM Holden. Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
  15. "Holden – General Motors new Australian car" (PDF). General Motors–Holden's (1948). Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  16. Loffler (2002), p. 4
  17. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 38
  18. "An Aussie Icon Turns 50 - The Holden Ute: 1951 - 2001". AutoWeb. Web Publications (2001-04-24). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  19. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 40
  20. Loffler (2002), p. 5
  21. "FJ Holden, 1953-1956". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-03-04.
  22. Carey, John (November 2005). "Holden Efijy". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 16. 
  23. "Golden Holden Oldies - The FE Holden: 1956". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1998-03-24). Retrieved on 2008-03-06.
  24. Wright (1998), p. 117
  25. "Holden's Lang Lang Proving Ground Passes Forty-Year Milestone". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1997-10-14). Retrieved on 2008-03-06.
  26. "The New Blokes". The Times. Time Inc. (1959-11-02). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  27. Wright (1998), p. 121
  28. Wright (1998), p. 122
  29. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 46
  30. Wright (1998), p. 133–134
  31. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 48
  32. Wright (1998), p. 135
  33. "Holden 6 Cylinder Red Motor". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  34. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 54
  35. "Holden HD". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2009-01-24.
  36. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 57
  37. "Holden Torana HB". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-03-06.
  38. Wright (1998), p. 191–192
  39. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 5, 31
  40. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 59
  41. Davis (1987), p. 102
  42. Wright (1998), p. 171
  43. "Holden Employees Farewell The Last Aussie-Built V8". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1999-06-28). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
  44. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 31
  45. Wright (1998), p. 194
  46. a b Strauss (1998), p. 11
  47. "Golden Holden Oldies - Stars of the Seventies". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1998-10-26). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
  48. "Car review - Holden Statesman V6 sedan". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
  49. Luck, Rob (September 1971). "Bold New Breed". Modern Motor (Modern Magazines (Holdings)): 62. 
  50. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 67–68
  51. Wright (1998), p. 226
  52. Wright (1998), p. 340–341
  53. Wright (1998), p. 239–241
  54. King, Philip (2008-08-16). "Cars at a fork in the road". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved on 2008-11-19.
  55. a b c Wright (1998), p. 340
  56. Wright (1998), p. 198
  57. Wright (1998), p. 244
  58. Bebbington (1998), p. 115.
  59. "Golden Holden Oldies - The Holden Torana (1967-78) - A Bathurst Legacy". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1998-11-04). Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
  60. "Holden Gemini TX". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  61. "Holden Gemini RB". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  62. Tuckey (1999), p. 27
  63. Tuckey (1999), p. 33
  64. a b Robinson (2006), p. 23, 26–27
  65. a b Robinson (2006), p. 24
  66. Wright (1998), p. 277
  67. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 82
  68. Kenwright, Joe (2006-07-29). "Crossing the Lion". carsales.com.au. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
  69. Robinson (2006), p. 26
  70. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 89–94
  71. "Caring for our air". State of Queensland (2007-06-21). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  72. Robinson (2006), p. 25
  73. a b c Robinson (2006), p. 27
  74. "Holden Reaches Golden Milestone With 50 Years Of Exports". AutoWeb. Web Publications (2004-11-09). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  75. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 91
  76. Earl (2002), p. 29
  77. Earl (2002), p. 27–28
  78. a b "Sales and Share of Australian Market Archive (1991-2002)". General Motors. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  79. "GM Global Operations: Australia". General Motors. Archived from the original on 2005-10-25.
  80. "Heart of Holden - Holden Heritage". Holden New Zealand. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  81. Richardson, Michael (1997-04-24). "Automakers Say Cuts in Duties Would Maim Industry : Tussle on Tariffs in Australia". International Herald Tribune. The New York Times Company. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  82. Wright (1998), p. 343
  83. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 103–104
  84. Robinson (2006), p. 26–27
  85. Smith, Graham (2002-09-06). "1993 Holden VR Commodore". Herald Sun. News Limited. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  86. McCarthy, McKay, Newton, Robinson (2006), p. 158
  87. "Holden Waves Goodbye to Monaro". WebWombat (2005-07-21). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  88. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 11
  89. "Car review - Holden Nova 5-dr hatch". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  90. Wright (1998), p. 294
  91. "Car review - Holden Barina Swing 5-dr hatch". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  92. a b "Holden Announces Next Stage Of $1 Billion Export Drive". AutoWeb. Web Publications (1999-09-08). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  93. Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part One), p. 34
  94. Kennedy, Ewan (2005-06-18). "Holden Vectra 1997-2004". Marque Publishing Company. Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
  95. "Sales and Share of Australian Market (2003-Present)". General Motors. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  96. "Number Crunching". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 181. May 2003. 
  97. "Holden Posts $146 Million Loss". CarAdvice.com.au (2007-06-18). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  98. "Mitsubishi to cut more jobs". The Age. Fairfax Media (2006-01-20). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  99. Pettendy, Marton (2008-07-30). "GM Holden posts a $6 million loss for 2007 as domestic and export sales slow". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-07-30.
  100. "Holden employee pricing backfires". Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2006-04-19). Retrieved on 2008-01-28.
  101. McCarthy, McKay, Newton, Robinson (2006), p. 159
  102. "Premier Opens New Holden Engine Plant". State of Victoria (2003-11-05). Archived from the original on 2004-01-06.
  103. Robinson (2006), p. 34–35, 55–56
  104. "Spanner in the works". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media (2005-02-01). Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  105. Carey, John (November 2005). "Holden Barina: Korea-built mini goes large on value". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 131. 
  106. Carey, John (November 2005). "Holden Viva: Better than when it was a Daewoo. Just". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 128–129. 
  107. Ponchard, Nathan (November 2006). "At last, Holden finds a Seoul mate". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 106–112. http://www.wheelsmag.com.au/wheels/site/articleIDs/5AF5DC88746CD7A0CA25725900163A60?open&template=domWheels. Retrieved on 23 August 2008. 
  108. Newton, Bruce (June 2007). "Sneer Miss". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 104–108. 
  109. Stanford, James (2008-07-01). "Colorado cuts loose". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-07-04.
  110. a b c "Corporate Profile". General Motors. Retrieved on 2008-09-13.
  111. "Holden Racing Team History". Holden Special Vehicles. Archived from the original on 2006-08-23.
  112. "HSV History & Background". Holden Special Vehicles. Archived from the original on 2005-07-22.
  113. "Toll and HSV Dealer Team confirm V8 Supercar alliance". HSV Dealer Team (2005-11-21). Retrieved on 2008-02-20.
  114. Wright, John (May 2004). "Badgeology". Wheels magazine (ACP Magazines): 152. 
  115. "The Story of the Holden Lion". GM Holden. Archived from the original on 2008-02-08.
  116. Tuckey (2003), p. 120
  117. a b "Vehicle Exports". GM Holden. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  118. Pettendy, Marton (2007-04-11). "Holden's Chinese Buick". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  119. Mathioudakis, Bryon (2008-09-05). "First look: Veritas a veritable Statesman". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-09-05.
  120. "Very Last Holden Monaro Up For Auction". WorldCarFans.com. Black Falcon Media Group Oy (2006-02-01). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  121. "Financial Results 1998 - 2003". General Motors. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.

References

Automotive brands of General Motors and those of its affiliates and former affiliates

Buick · Cadillac · Chevrolet · GMC · GMC Medium Duty Trucks · Holden · Hummer · Opel · Pontiac · Saab · Saturn · Vauxhall

Affiliates
CAMI Automotive (50%) · Global Hybrid Cooperation · GM-AvtoVAZ · GM Daewoo (50.9%) · New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) · Shanghai GM (50%) · Wuling (34%) ·
Former affiliates
Fiat (2000–2005; up to 20%) · Isuzu (circa 1971–2006; up to 49%) · Subaru (circa 1999-2006; 20%)  · Suzuki (1980s-2008; up to 15%) · United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI; 1989–1996)
Defunct brands

Acadian (1962–1971) · Asüna (1992–1995) · Beaumont (1966–1969) · Bedford Vehicles (1930–1986) · Geo (1989–1997) · LaSalle (1927–1940) · Marquette (1929–1930) · McLaughlin automobile  · Oakland (1907–1931) · Oldsmobile (1897–2004) · Passport (1988–1991) · Ranger (1968–1976) · Scripps-Booth (1913–1923) · Statesman (1971–1984) · Viking (1929–1931) · Yellow Coach (1925–1943)

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Holden". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: HOLDEN

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
Holden 114     Alexandra Holden 5
Holden Commodore 108     Amanda Holden 14
List of Holden vehicles 103     Andy Holden 9
Holden VE Commodore 90     Angus Holden 2
Holden VE Sportswagon 90     Angus Holden, 1st Baron Holden 6
Holden Special Vehicles 50     Angus Holden, 3rd Baron Holden 5
James Holden 46     Anthony Holden 7
Holden Torana 45     Arthur Holden 3
Holden Monaro 41     Barney Holden 3
Holden Kingswood 41     Betsy Holden 9
Holden Belmont 41     Bill Holden 11
Holden Sandman 41     Bill Holden (baseball) 5
Holden Statesman 41     Bob Holden 14
Holden WL Statesman 41     Caroline Holden 13
Holden VN Commodore 37     Charles Holden 20
Holden VZ Commodore 36     Clive Holden 6
Holden Snyder 35     Craig Holden 6
Holden VX Commodore 35     David Holden 3
Holden Ute 33     Dean Holden 9
Holden Crewman 33     Dick Holden 3
James Holden (engineer) 32     Doug Holden 3
Jack Holden 32     Edith Holden 9
Holden Suburban 32     Edward Holden 6
Holden VT Commodore 31     Edward Singleton Holden 11
Holden Racing Team 31     Formula Holden 15
Holden Gemini 31     Frank Holden 4
Holden VP Commodore 30     George Holden 7
Holden Snyder and Lily Walsh 29     GER Holden 2-2-2 5
Holden Barina 29     Gina Holden 6
Holden Heights, Florida 27     Gloria Holden 8
William Holden 27     Greg Norman Holden International 12
Holden Camira 25     Henry Holden Huss 3
Holden Astra 24     Holden 114
Holden VY Commodore 24     Holden (alternative meanings) 9
Holden VB Commodore 24     Holden (band) 5
Holden WM Statesman 23     Holden (crater) 2
Holden WM Caprice 23     Holden (Lierne) 4
Holden Roberto 22     Holden (lunar crater) 10
Holden VQ Statesman 21     Holden (Martian crater) 6
Holden Beach, North Carolina 21     Holden (Verran) 4
Charles Holden 20     Holden 48-215 11
Holden VL Commodore 19     Holden Adventra 14
Tim Holden 18     Holden Airship 5
Mark Holden 18     Holden Apollo 14
Holden Dealer Team 17     Holden Arboretum 9
William Woods Holden 17     Holden Astra 24
Holden VK Commodore 17     Holden Barina 29
Holden VS Commodore 16     Holden Baronets 6
Holden Village, Washington 16     Holden Beach, North Carolina 21
William Curry Holden 16     Holden Belmont 41
Mari Holden 16     Holden Brougham 11
Formula Holden 15     Holden Camira 25
Holden VC Commodore 15     Holden Captiva 2
Holden FJ 15     Holden Carver 12
Holden Premier 15     Holden Caulfield 12
Holden VH Commodore 15     Holden Chapel 4
Jon Robert Holden 15     Holden Choirs 3
Holden Apollo 14     Holden Christian Academy 3
Holden Adventra 14     Holden Commodore 108
Bob Holden 14     Holden Crewman 33
Holden Nova 14     Holden Cruze 10
Holden Thorp 14     Holden Dealer Team 17
Amanda Holden 14     Holden ECOmmodore 11
Samuel Holden Parsons 13     Holden Efijy 11
Holden Township, Minnesota 13     Holden EH 11
Holden VR Commodore 13     Holden FJ 15
Caroline Holden 13     Holden Frontera 11
Richard Holden 13     Holden Furber 7
Tony Holden 13     Holden Gemini 31
Holden Caulfield 12     Holden Grey motor 7
Greg Norman Holden International 12     Holden Heights, Florida 27
Holden Carver 12     Holden Hill, South Australia 11
Holden Sunbird 11     Holden Kingswood 41
Holden Frontera 11     Holden Medical Institute 4
Bill Holden 11     Holden Monaro 41
Holden EH 11     Holden New Zealand 10
Holden 48-215 11     Holden Nova 14
Holden Brougham 11     Holden Park 4
Holden Efijy 11     Holden Premier 15
Holden Hill, South Australia 11     Holden Racing Team 31
Holden ECOmmodore 11     Holden Richards 2
Robert Holden 11     Holden Roberto 22
Edward Singleton Holden 11     Holden Sandman 41
Holden SSX 10     Holden Scurry 5
Tony Holden (Home and Away) 10     Holden Shuttle 10
Holden Special 10     Holden Snyder 35
Holden (lunar crater) 10     Holden Snyder and Lily Walsh 29
Holden Cruze 10     Holden Special 10
Holden Standard 10     Holden Special Vehicles 50
Josh Holden 10     Holden SSX 10
Lucas Holden 10     Holden Standard 10
Saul Holden 10     Holden Statesman 41
Holden Shuttle 10     Holden Suburban 32
P. J. Holden 10     Holden Sunbird 11
Holden New Zealand 10     Holden Thorp 14
Dean Holden 9     Holden Torana 45
James Holden (producer) 9     Holden Township, Minnesota 13
Holden (alternative meanings) 9     Holden Ute 33
Holden Arboretum 9     Holden v. Hardy 6
Steve Holden (football player) 9     Holden VB Commodore 24
Stephen Holden Doane 9     Holden VC Commodore 15
Andy Holden 9     Holden VE Commodore 90
Sam Holden 9     Holden VE Sportswagon 90
Betsy Holden 9     Holden VH Commodore 15
Stuart Holden 9     Holden Village, Washington 16
Edith Holden 9     Holden VK Commodore 17
Randy Holden 9     Holden VL Commodore 19
Robert Holden (author) 8     Holden VL Commodore SS Group A SV 6
Jack Holden (athlete) 8     Holden VN Commodore 37
Gloria Holden 8     Holden VP Commodore 30
Mick Holden 8     Holden VQ Statesman 21
Judge Holden 7     Holden VR Commodore 13
Anthony Holden 7     Holden VS Commodore 16
Holden Furber 7     Holden VT Commodore 31
George Holden 7     Holden VX Commodore 35
Holden Grey motor 7     Holden VY Commodore 24
Kip Holden 7     Holden VZ Commodore 36
Rick Holden 6     Holden WL Statesman 41
Edward Holden 6     Holden WM Caprice 23
Packie Holden 6     Holden WM Statesman 23
Holden Baronets 6     Hubert Ashton Holden 3
Craig Holden 6     Inez Holden 3
Clive Holden 6     Jack Holden 32
Gina Holden 6     Jack Holden (athlete) 8
List of Holden Special Vehicles 6     James Bismark Holden 5
Richard Holden (dancer) 6     James Holden 46
Holden v. Hardy 6     James Holden (actor) 3
Angus Holden, 1st Baron Holden 6     James Holden (engineer) 32
Holden (Martian crater) 6     James Holden (producer) 9
Rebecca Holden 6     Jan Holden 5
Holden VL Commodore SS Group A SV 6     Jennifer Holden 3
Bill Holden (baseball) 5     Jody Holden 4
Jan Holden 5     John Rose Holden 4
Richard Holden (politician) 5     Jon Robert Holden 15
Laurie Holden 5     Joseph W. Holden 5
Alexandra Holden 5     Josh Holden 10
GER Holden 2-2-2 5     Judge Holden 7
Holden (band) 5     Katrina Holden Bronson 3
Holden Airship 5     Kip Holden 7
Angus Holden, 3rd Baron Holden 5     Laurie Holden 5
Taylor Holden 5     Lee Holden 4
Stephanie Holden 5     Lewis Holden 4
Holden Scurry 5     List of Holden Special Vehicles 6
James Bismark Holden 5     List of Holden vehicles 103
Perry Greeley Holden 5     Lucas Holden 10
Paddy Holden 5     Mari Holden 16
Joseph W. Holden 5     Marjean Holden 4
Stewart Holden 5     Mark Holden 18
Oliver Holden 4     Martha Holden Jennings Foundation 3
Lewis Holden 4     Mick Holden 8
Marjean Holden 4     Nate Holden 3
Holden Chapel 4     Oliver Holden 4
Sam Holden (Home and Away) 4     P. J. Holden 10
John Rose Holden 4     Packie Holden 6
Wendy Holden 4     Paddy Holden 5
Stewart Holden (footballer) 4     Perry Greeley Holden 5
Valerie Holden 4     Randy Holden 9
Ron Holden 4     Rebecca Holden 6
Stanley Holden 4     Richard Holden 13
Holden (Lierne) 4     Richard Holden (dancer) 6
Holden (Verran) 4     Richard Holden (politician) 5
Jody Holden 4     Rick Holden 6
Holden Park 4     Robert Holden 11
Lee Holden 4     Robert Holden (author) 8
Holden Medical Institute 4     Ron Holden 4
Frank Holden 4     S. D. Holden 3
Inez Holden 3     Sam Holden 9
Holden Choirs 3     Sam Holden (Home and Away) 4
Hubert Ashton Holden 3     Samuel Holden Parsons 13
Barney Holden 3     Saul Holden 10
Nate Holden 3     Stanley Holden 4
Katrina Holden Bronson 3     Stephanie Holden 5
David Holden 3     Stephen Holden Doane 9
Holden Christian Academy 3     Steve Holden (football player) 9
Martha Holden Jennings Foundation 3     Stewart Holden 5
Jennifer Holden 3     Stewart Holden (footballer) 4
Arthur Holden 3     Stuart Holden 9
Dick Holden 3     Taylor Holden 5
Doug Holden 3     Tim Holden 18
Henry Holden Huss 3     Tony Holden 13
James Holden (actor) 3     Tony Holden (Home and Away) 10
S. D. Holden 3     Valerie Holden 4
Holden Richards 2     Wendy Holden 4
William Holden (politician) 2     William Curry Holden 16
William Holden (alternative meanings) 2     William Holden 27
Holden Captiva 2     William Holden (alternative meanings) 2
Angus Holden 2     William Holden (politician) 2
Holden (crater) 2     William Woods Holden 17

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).

Translations: HOLDEN

Language Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Annamese trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Annamese, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Brazilian Portuguese segurado (insured, grappled, handled, held, heliacal). Additional references: Brazilian Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Simplified holden 海滩 (holden beach). Additional references: Chinese Simplified, China, Brunei, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Traditional holden 海灘 (holden beach). Additional references: Chinese Traditional, China, Brunei, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Ching trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Ching, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Deutsch Gehalten (stopped, held, kept, unexpended, upheld). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Dutch Holden (Holden). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Français Tenu (held, hold, kept, liable, unbroken). Additional references: Français, France, Algeria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
French Tenu (held, hold, kept, liable, unbroken). Additional references: French, France, Algeria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
German Gehalten (stopped, held, kept, unexpended, upheld). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Gin trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Gin, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
High German Gehalten (stopped, held, kept, unexpended, upheld). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Hochdeutsch Gehalten (stopped, held, kept, unexpended, upheld). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Japanese ホールデン (Holden), ウィリアム・ホールデン (William Holden), シボレー・クルーズ (Holden Cruze). Additional references: Japanese, Japan, Taiwan, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Jing trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Jing, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Kinh trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Kinh, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Portuguese segurado (insured, policyholder, held, heliacal, hold). Additional references: Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Spanish Tenido (had, held, hads, holded, holden). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Viet trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Viet, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Vietnamese trung dung, chính sách chiết trung (the happy mean, the holden mean). Additional references: Vietnamese, Viet Nam, China, Holden. (volunteer & more translations)
Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations). Top

Constructed Language Translations: HOLDEN

Language Translations for “Holden” or closest synonym(s); back translations in parentheses.
Athag hathagoldathagen (holden). Additional references: Athag, Holden. (volunteer)
Double Dutch hagoldagen (holden). Additional references: Double Dutch, Holden. (volunteer)
Leet [-]0#[)& (holden). Additional references: Leet, Holden. (volunteer)
Oppish hopoldopen (holden). Additional references: Oppish, Holden. (volunteer)
Pig Latin Oldenhay (Holden). Additional references: Pig Latin, Holden. (volunteer)
Terran B Tenurad (Holden). Additional references: Terran B, Holden. (volunteer)
Ubbi Dubbi hubolduben (holden). Additional references: Ubbi Dubbi, Holden. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top

Bible Origins and Translations: HOLDEN

Language Mark Chapter 7, Verse 8

Greek (transliterated), Septuagint - 250 BC

 afenteV gar thn entolhn tou qeou krateite thn paradosin twn anqrwpwn baptismouV xestwn kai pothriwn kai alla paromoia toiauta polla poieite

Latin, Vulgate - 405

 relinquentes enim mandatum Dei tenetis traditionem hominum baptismata urceorum et calicum et alia similia his facitis multa

English, Old, West Saxon - 990

 Soðlice ge for-læteð godes bebod. & healded manna lage. þweala ceaca & calica.& manege oðre þellice þing ge doð.

English, Middle, Wycliffe - 1395

 For ye leeuen the maundement of God, and holden the tradiciouns of men, wasschyngis of watir vessels, and of cuppis; and many othir thingis lijk to these ye doon.

English, Renaissance, Tyndale - 1526

 For ye laye the commaundement of God aparte and observe the tradicions of men as the wesshinge of cruses and of cuppes and many other suche lyke thinges ye do.

English, Jacobean, King James - 1611

 For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

English, Victorian, Webster - 1833

 For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

English, Basic, Ogden - 1964

 For, turning away from the law of God, you keep the rules of men.

Bulgarian

 Вие оставяте Божията заповед и държите човешкото предание, [измивания на шулци и на чаши; и много други неща правите].

Cebuano

 Inyong gibiyaan ang kasugoan sa Dios, ug maoy inyong ginahawiran ang gikabilinbiling kalagdaan sa mga tawo."

Chinese

 你 們 是 離 棄 　 神 的 誡 命 、 拘 守 人 的 遺 傳 。

Croatian

 Napustili ste zapovijed Božju, a držite se predaje ljudske."

Danish

 I forlade Guds Bud og holde Menneskers Overlevering."

Dutch

 Want, nalatende het gebod Gods, houdt gij de inzettingen der mensen, als namelijk wassingen der kannen en drinkbekers; en andere dergelijke dingen doet gij vele.

Finnish

 Te hylkäätte Jumalan käskyn ja noudatatte ihmisten perinnäissääntöä."

French

 Vous abandonnez le commandement de Dieu, et vous observez la tradition des hommes.

Gaelic

 Oir a fagail fainte Dhe, tha sibh a cumail beul-aithris dhaoine, mar tha nighe phoitean, is chupaichean; agus moran nithean eile den leithidean sin tha sibh a dianamh.

German

 Ihr verlasset Gottes Gebot, und haltet der Menschen Aufsätze von Krügen und Trinkgefäßen zu waschen; und desgleichen tut ihr viel.

Haitian Creole

 Jezi di yo konsa: -Nou mete kòmandman Bondye yo sou kote pou nou swiv koutim moun etabli.

Hungarian

 Mert az Isten parancsolatját elhagyva, az emberek rendelését tartjátok meg, korsóknak és poharaknak mosását; és sok egyéb efféléket is cselekesztek.

Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari

 Perintah-perintah Allah kalian abaikan, dan peraturan-peraturan manusia kalian pegang kuat-kuat."

Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama

 Hukum Allah kamu tinggalkan, tetapi adat istiadat manusia kamu pegang."

Italian

 Trascurando il comandamento di Dio, voi osservate la tradizione degli uomini».

Korean

 너 희 가 하 나 님 의 계 명 은 버 리 고 사 람 의 유 전 을 지 키 느 니 라'

Latvian

 Dieva bausli atmetuði, jûs pildât cilvçku ieraþas: krûþu un kausu mazgâðanas un daudz ko citu ðim lîdzîgu jûs darât.

Maori

 Kei te whakarere hoki koutou i ta te Atua kupu ako, ka mau ki te waihotanga iho a te tangata.

Modern Greek

 Διοτι αφησαντες την εντολην του Θεου, κρατειτε την παραδοσιν των ανθρωπων, πλυματα ξεστων και ποτηριων, και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα καμνετε.

Norwegian

 I forlater Guds bud og holder fast ved menneskers vedtekt.

Portuguese

 Vós deixais o mandamento de Deus, e vos apegais à tradição dos homens.   

Rumanian

 Voi lqsayi porunca lui Dumnezeu, wi yineyi datina awezatq de oameni, precum: spqlarea ulcioarelor wi a paharelor, wi faceyi multe alte lucruri de acestea.``

Russian

 йВП ЧЩ, ПУФБЧЙЧ ЪБРПЧЕДШ вПЦЙА, ДЕТЦЙФЕУШ РТЕДБОЙС ЮЕМПЧЕЮЕУЛПЗП, ПНПЧЕОЙС ЛТХЦЕЛ Й ЮБЫ, Й ДЕМБЕФЕ НОПЗПЕ ДТХЗПЕ, УЕНХ РПДПВОПЕ.

Shuar

 Tura átum Yusa chichame iniaisarum, aentsu jintintiamuri umirkarum, ichinnasha, tsapancha nijiaktin, tura Chíkich Túrutaisha aintsarmek Untsurí Túrarme.

Spanish

 Porque dejando los mandamientos de Dios, os aferráis a la tradición de los hombres.

Swahili

 Ninyi mnaiacha amri ya Mungu na kushikilia maagizo ya watu."

Swedish

 I sätten Guds bud å sido och hållen människors stadgar."

Thai

 เจ้าทั้งหลายละพระบัญญัติของพระเจ้า และกลับไปถือตามประเพณีของมนุษย์ คือการล้างถ้วยเหยือก และสิ่งอื่นๆเช่นนี้อีกหลายสิ่ง เจ้าทั้งหลายก็ทำอยู่"

Ukrainian

 Занехаявши заповідь Божу, передань людських ви тримаєтесь: обмиваєте глеки та чаші, і багато такого подібного й іншого робите ви.

Uma

 Jadi', hawa' Alata'ala nikalempei' moto, hiaa' moroho lia-damo pongkakamu-ni ada manusia'."

Vietnamese

 Caùc ngöôi boû ñieàu raên cuûa Ñöùc Chuùa Trôøi, maø giöơ lôøi truyeàn khaåu cuûa loaøi ngöôøi!
Source: complied by the editor. Top