Placental mammals / Eutheria Fossil range: Early Cretaceous - Recent
House Mouse, Mus musculus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Thomas Henry Huxley, 1880
Orders[1]
Bobolestes Eomaia Maelestes Montanalestes Murtoilestes Prokennalestes Placentalia Superorder Xenarthra: Cingulata (Armadillos) Pilosa (Sloths, True Anteaters) Superorder Laurasiatheria: Pholidota (Scaly Anteaters) Soricomorpha (Moles, Shrews) Erinaceomorpha (Hedgehogs) Perissodactyla (Horses, Rhinoceroses and Tapirs) Cetartiodactyla (Bovids, Pigs, Cervids, Camels, Whales, Dolphins) Carnivora (Cats, Dogs, Bears, Seals) Chiroptera (Bats) †Meridiungulata †Condylarthra †Dinocerata †Mesonychia †Cimolesta †Creodonta Superorder Afrotheria: Afrosoricida (Tenrecs) Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Macroscelidea (Elephant Shrews) Proboscidea (Elephants) Sirenia (Manatees, Dugongs) Tubulidentata (Aardvark) †Embrithopoda †Desmostylia Superorder Euarchontoglires: Dermoptera (Colugos) Lagomorpha (Rabbits, Hares) Primates (Apes, Monkeys) †Plesiadapiformes Rodentia (Rodents) Scandentia (Treeshrews)

Eutheria^[2] is a taxon containing the placental mammals, such as humans. The sister group of Eutheria is Metatheria, which includes marsupials and their extinct relatives.

Origin of the word

The name Eutheria comes from the Greek words eu- "well[-developed]" and ther "beast". When Eutheria was introduced by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, he meant it to be broader in definition than its precursor Placentalia. Some use Eutheria as a total group which includes the crown group Placentalia and extinct mammals which are closer to Placentalia than to Marsupialia.

Characteristics of eutherians

Nevertheless, all living eutherians are placental mammals. This means that a eutherian fetus is nourished during gestation by a placenta. Eutherians are also viviparous, meaning that the offspring are carried in the mother's uterus until fully developed.

Differences from other mammals

Because of this, eutherians are different from other mammal groups such as monotremes and marsupials which are not placental. Monotremes, for instance, lay eggs which protect developing young until they are fully developed. Marsupials give birth to partially-developed young who then migrate to a special pouch in the mother's body in which the young continue their development. (Some exceptions do exist. Bandicoots for instance, which are marsupials, develop small placenta-like structures during gestation.)

Earliest example

The earliest known eutherian species is the extinct Eomaia scansoria from the Lower Cretaceous of China. It is a member of Eutheria, but the hips of the animal were too narrowly built to have allowed the birth of well-developed young. Thus it is unlikely that a placenta greatly contributed to the development of E. scansoria's young before they were born.

Members of Eutheria are found on all continents and in all oceans.

See also

• List of placental mammals
• Mammal for classification.
• Theria

Compare and contrast

• Metatheria
• Prototheria

Notes and references

Detailed cladogram of extant Placentalia from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, February 4, 2003, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1056-1061.

1. "Eutheria phylogeny". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved on 2006-03-08.
2. Today Placentalia and Eutheria are sometimes considered to be the same group. But there are proposals of classification (McKenna & Bell, 1997) that differentiate between the two groups.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Eutheria". Image Credit.

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