Dushanbe
Looking north across the city
Seal
Dushanbe Location of Dushanbe in Tajikistan
Coordinates: 38°32′12″N 68°46′48″E / 38.53667, 68.78
Country	Tajikistan
Government
- Mayor	Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev
Area
- Total	100 km2 (38.6 sq mi)
Elevation	706 m (2,316 ft)
Population (2008)[1]
- Total	679,400
Time zone	GMT (UTC+5)
- Summer (DST)	GMT (UTC+5)
Website: www.dushanbe.tj

Dushanbe (Tajik: Душанбе, Dushanbe; Dyushambe until 1929, Stalinabad until 1961), population 679,400 people (2008 est.), is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. Dushanbe means "Monday" in Tajik,^[2] and the name reflects the fact that the city grew on the site of a village that originally was a popular Monday marketplace.

History

Situated on the confluence of two rivers, Varzob and Kofarnihon, Dushanbe is the capital of Tajikistan. Although archaeological remnants dating to the 5th century BC have been discovered in the area, there is little to suggest that Dushanbe was more than a small village until around 80 years ago. In 1920, the last Emir of Bukhara briefly took refuge in Dushanbe (then called Dyushambe) after being overthrown by the Bolshevik revolution. He fled to Afghanistan after the Red Army conquered the area the next year.

Dushanbe, which means "Monday" in Tajik, developed on the site of a Monday marketplace village, Dyushambe-Bozor,^[3] and its former name Dyushambe meant "Monday" in Persian^[4] (du-shamba from du two + shamba Saturday, lit. "second day after Saturday", دوشنبه). Following the Red Army victory in Central Asia the village was upgraded to town in 1925 and made the capital of the newly created Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR). After the transformation of Tajik ASSR to Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) in 1929, Dyushambe was renamed Stalinabad, after Joseph Stalin. As part of Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization initiative, the city was renamed Dushanbe in 1961.

The Soviets transformed the area into a centre for cotton and silk production, and relocated tens of thousands of people to the city from around the Soviet Union. The population also increased with thousands of ethnic Tajiks migrating to Tajikistan following the transfer of Bukhara and Samarkand to the Uzbek SSR. A peaceful and relatively prosperous city under Soviet rule, Dushanbe was home to a university and the Tajik Academy of Sciences. Severe rioting occurred in February 1990, after it was rumored that Moscow planned to relocate tens of thousands of Armenian refugees to Tajikistan. Dushanbe riots were primarily fueled by concerns about housing shortages for the Tajik population, but they coincided with a wave of nationalist unrest that swept Transcaucasia and other Central Asian states during the twilight of Gorbachev's era.^[5]

The city was badly damaged as a result of the Civil War in Tajikistan (1992–1997) that sprang up in the nation shortly after its independence. However resurgences in the Tajik economy have transformed Dushanbe into a rapidly growing commercial, cultural and industrial center. Many multi-story apartment and office buildings were constructed and the city was beautified during this period. Monuments and statues commemorating the city's Persian and Iranian past were erected.

Districts

Dushanbe is divided into the following districts:

1. Abuali Ibn Sina
2. Firdavsi
3. Ismail Somoni
4. Shokhmansur

Climate

Climate chart for Dushanbe
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
42   9 -1	67   11 2	113   16 6	116   21 9	66   26 13	12   33 18	6   36 19	0   34 17	4   30 13	33   23 8	50   16 3	52   11 1
temperatures in °C precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.7   48 30     2.6   52 36     4.4   61 43     4.6   70 48     2.6   79 55     0.5   91 64     0.2   97 66     0   93 63     0.2   86 55     1.3   73 46     2   61 37     2   52 34 temperatures in °F precipitation totals in inches

The climate is damper than other Central Asian capitals, with an average annual rainfall over well over 500 millimetres (20 in) but is still highly continental and has the hot, dry summers typical of the region. Winters are not as cold as further north owing to the shielding of the city by mountain from extremely cold air from Siberia.

Economy

Coal, lead, and arsenic are mined nearby in the cities of Nurek and Kulob allowing for the industrialization of Dushanbe. The Nurek Dam, the world's highest as of 2008, generates 95% of Tajikistan's electricity, and another dam, the Roghun Dam, is planned on the Vakhsh River. A leading cotton textile center, Dushanbe also produces silk, machinery, electrical appliances, clothing, leather goods, tractor parts, and foodstuffs. The city of Dushanbe is now home to a number of modern telecommunications, aeronautic and other business corporations adding vitality to its economy. Tourism and ecotourism to the the Dushanbe region is a component of the city's service industry, which includes shopping centers, cafes, restaurants, and hotels. Museums and theatres add a cultural element to the economy.

Buildings and attractions

• Dushanbe Airport
• Haji Yakoub Mosque
• Museum of Ethnography
• Tajikistan National Museum (Tajik Unified Museum)
• The National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan
• Vahdat Palace
• Palace of Nations
• Dushanbe Zoo
• Botanical Garden
• Dushanbe Opera
• Dushanbe Circus
• Gurminj Museum of Musical Instruments (Gurminj Museum)

Sister cities

Currently, Dushanbe has 10 sister cities.

• Kabul, Afghanistan
• Shiraz, Iran
• Moscow, Russia
• Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Akhisar, Turkey
• Boulder, USA
• Klagenfurt, Austria
• Ankara, Turkey
• Lahore, Pakistan
• Sana'a, Yemen
• Lusaka, Zambia

See also

• Farkhor Air Base
• Symphonic Orchestra of Dushanbe
• Kabul, Afghanistan
• School for Deaf and Mute (Dushanbe)

Notes

External links

• Dushanbe pictures through eyes of westerner
• Dushanbe street map
• Dushanbe on wikimapia
• Tajik Web Gateway
• Dushanbe City Coat of Arms
• Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Cities
• Steam Locomotive in a Dushanbe Park near the main railway station

Capitals of Asia Central Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Southwest Asia Astana, Kazakhstan † Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Dushanbe, Tajikistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan East Asia Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC) Tokyo, Japan Pyongyang, North Korea Seoul, South Korea Ulan Bator, Mongolia 1 Taipei, Republic of China (ROC) 2 North Asia Moscow, Russia † Dhaka, Bangladesh Thimphu, Bhutan New Delhi, India Malé, Maldives Kathmandu, Nepal Islamabad, Pakistan Kotte3, Sri Lanka Dharamsala8, Dharamsala Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Naypyidaw, Burma (Myanmar) Phnom Penh, Cambodia Dili, East Timor Jakarta, Indonesia Vientiane, Laos Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 Putrajaya, Malaysia 5 Manila, Philippines Singapore, Singapore Bangkok, Thailand Hanoi, Vietnam Kabul, Afghanistan 6 Yerevan, Armenia ‡ Baku, Azerbaijan † Manama, Bahrain Nicosia, Cyprus ‡ Tbilisi, Georgia † Tehran, Iran Baghdad, Iraq Jerusalem, Israel 7 Amman, Jordan Kuwait City, Kuwait Beirut, Lebanon Muscat, Oman Doha, Qatar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Damascus, Syria Ankara, Turkey † Abu Dhabi, UAE Sana'a, Yemen 1 Often considered part of Central Asia.  2 Commonly known as Taiwan. 3 Full name is Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte.  4 Formal.  5 Administrative.  6 Often considered part of Central or South Asia.  7 See Positions on Jerusalem for details on Jerusalem's status as capital.  8 See Central Tibetan Administration for details of the Tibetan government-in-exile † Transcontinental country.  ‡ Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.

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Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Dushanbe". Image Credit.

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