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Definition: DIALLEL

Part of Speech Definition
Adjective 1. Meeting and intersecting, as lines; not parallel; -- opposed to parallel.[Websters]
2. Virtually never used base adjective of the rarely used adverb diallelly.[Eve - graph theoretic]
Adverb Form
(diallelly)		 1. Virtually never used adverbial inflection of the rarely used adjective diallel.[Eve - graph theoretic]

Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), compiled from various sources, under license.

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Date "Diallel" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1914. (references)

Etymology:Diallel \Di"al*lel\, adjective. [Greek expression crossing.]. (references)

Specialty Definition: DIALLEL

Domain Definition
Biology & Biotechnology Mating according to a system in which each female is bred to each of two or more males in order to determine the relative importance of sire and dam in the transmission of certain qualities to the offspring. Source: European Union. (references)
Geology A mating design comprising a balanced series of all pairwise combinations of crosses (e.g. AxB, AxC, and BxC). (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: DIALLEL

Diallel

A Diallel is a mating scheme used by plant breeders and geneticists to test for general and specific combining ability as well as genetic effects behind quantitative traits.[1]

In a full diallel, all parents are crossed to make hybrids in all possible combinations. Variations include partial dialleles with and without parents, see Examples. Full dialleles require twice as many crosses and entries in experiments, but allows for testing for maternal effects. If maternal effects are assumed to be negligible, then a partial diallele without reciprocals is effective.

Common analysis methods utilize general linear models to identify heterotic groups[2], estimate general combining ability (gca)[3], specific combining ability (SCA)[3], interactions with testing environments, years, and estimates of additive, dominant, and epistatic genetic effects[4][5].

Other common mating designs used to study quantitative genetics effects include midparent-offspring regression,generation mean analysis[6], triple test cross[7], and the mating schemes proposed by Comstock and Robinson (1948) called by plant breeders NC I nested design, NC II factorial design, and NC III testcross mating designs [8].


Examples

Full Diallel[1]

  a      b      c      d      e

a  a x a  a x b  a x c  a x d  a x e

b  b x a  b x b  b x c  b x d  b x e

c  c x a  c x b  c x c  c x d  c x e

d  d x a  d x b  d x c  d x d  d x e

e  e x a  e x b  e x c  e x d  e x e

Partial Diallel with parents, [9]

assuming that initial parents are inbred. Otherwise including selfed parents.

  a      b      c      d      e

a  a x a

b  b x a  b x b

c  c x a  c x b  c x c

d  d x a  d x b  d x c  d x d

e  e x a  e x b  e x c  e x d  e x e

Partial Diallel without parents[9]

  a      b      c      d      e

a

b  b x a

c  c x a  c x b

d  d x a  d x b  d x c

e  e x a  e x b  e x c  e x d


References

  1. a b Hallauer, A. R. and J. B. Miranda Filho. 1988 Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. 2nd ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IO.
  2. Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 463-493
  3. a b Gardner, C. O. and S. A. Eberhart. 1966. Analysis and interpretation of the variety cross diallel and related populations. Biometrics 22: 439-452
  4. Hayman, B. I. 1954. The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometrics 10: 235-244
  5. Sprague G. F., and L. A. Tatum. 1942. General vs. specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 923-932
  6. Hayman, B.I. 1958. The separation of epistatic from additive and dominance variation in generation means. Heredity 12: 371-390
  7. Kearsey, M.J. and Jinks, J.L. 1968. A general method of detecting additive, dominance and episstatic variation for metric traits. I. Theory Heredity 23 : 403-409.
  8. Comstock, R. E. and H.F. Robinson. 1948. The components of genetic variance in populations of biparental progenies and their use in estimating the average degree of dominance. Biometrics 4:254-266.
  9. a b Kempthorne, O. and R. N. Curnow. 1961. The partial diallel cross. Biometrics 17: 229-250

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Diallel". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: DIALLEL

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
Diallel 7     Diallel 7

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).