| Webster's Online Dictionary |
| Part of Speech | Definition | |
| Noun | 1. A small conspicuous constellation in the southern hemisphere in the Milky Way near Centaurus.[Wordnet] 2. The most important point.[Wordnet] 3. Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain.[Websters]. | |
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Sources: WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) |
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Date "Crux" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
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Etymology:Crux \Crux\ (kr[u^]ks), noun; plural English Cruxes(-[e^]z), Latin Cruces(kr[udd]"s[=e]z). [Latin, cross, torture, trouble.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition | ||
| Noah Webster | [Noun] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little used.]. Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary. | ||
| Aerospace | See constellation. Abbreviation Cru, Cruc. (references) | ||
| Antiquities | Crux (stauros, skolops). The cross; an instrument of capital punishment used from a very early period in the East. The words stauroô and skolopizô (more usually anastauroô anaskolopizô) are applied to modes of execution which were certainly common among the Persians; and it is probable that impalement, as well as actual crucifixion, was thus denoted. It has been doubted whether the later or Roman method of crucifixion was practiced by the Persians; but the case of Artayctes (Herod. ix. 120) seems to prove that nailing to a tree or plank was not unknown to them. It was the usual punishment of rebels--at least of those who headed revolt. Darius in the Behistun inscription boasts that he had “crucified” the leader of every rebellion that he had put down, giving their names (Rawlinson's Herodotus, vol. ii. Appendix); and it was inflicted on Inaros, the champion of Egyptian liberty (Thuc. i. 110). For the sake of ignominy, the bodies of those who had been otherwise executed were sometimes exposed on a cross after death, not always from humanity. Oroetes, after putting Polycrates to death in some horrible way which Herodotus refuses to describe, crucified the corpse (Herod. iii. 125). We find Xerxes thus treating the body of Leonidas, no doubt as a rebel (Herod. vii. 238); and at a later period Ptolemy Philopator does the same to Cleomenes after his suicide (Plut. Cleom. 38). According to a strange story in Pliny, Tarquinius Priscus adopted this form of posthumous disgrace to check the frequency of suicide among the citizens, driven to despair by the forced labor with which his gigantic building operations were carried on (H.N. xxxvi. 107). Among ancient nations, the Carthaginians were conspicuous for their cruelty, and crucifixion was horribly frequent among them; it was probably through their example that it was subsequently introduced into Sicily and Italy. It was the usual punishment of rebels, and, as is well known, was commonly inflicted on unsuccessful generals (Polyb. i. 11, 24, 79, etc.). In the war with their mercenaries and African subjects which followed immediately upon the conclusion of the First Punic War, the atrocities on both sides, ghastly enough in the narrative of Polybius, have been sensationally exaggerated in Flaubert's novel Salammbô. The Greeks were honorably distinguished in the ancient world for their aversion to torture and mutilation in every shape; indeed, it is only in quite recent times that Christian Europe has attained the same standard of refinement. In some ways they could be cruel enough, and the frequency of capital punishments showed a singular disregard of human life. The rage of faction led to massacres like that of Corcyra, on which Thucydides moralizes in a well-known passage (iii. 81 foll.). Prisoners of war were put to death in cold blood-- the Plataeans by the Spartans (iii. 68); the Athenian prisoners after Aegospotami to the number of 3000 (Alcib. 37; Lysand. 13). The Athenians ordered a massacre of all the adult males in Mitylené, probably as many as 6000 (Thuc. iii. 36). With all this, however, the Greeks habitually abstained from aggravating their executions, whether of criminals or prisoners of war, by insult and torture; and they especially abhorred outrages on women and children. This side of the Greek character is well brought out in Mahaffy's Social Life in Greece; see especially p. 238, 262 foll., 3d ed. It was so from the earliest historical times. The tyrants of the seventh and sixth centuries are not charged with any atrocities like those of the Visconti and other mediaeval despots in Italy; even the bull of Phalaris (q.v.) is now explained as an instrument of Phœnician Moloch-worship. A few isolated acts of vengeance are recorded of this period, only however in the outlying parts of the Grecian world, and therefore probably due to the contagion of barbarian example. During the struggles at Miletus between the wealthy citizens and the commonalty, the latter (who were called Gergithes) when victorious collected the children of the rich upon threshing-floors and had them trampled to death by oxen; the rich, having in turn gained the upper hand, burnt in pitch (katepittôsan: cf. the tunica molesta of Juvenal, viii. 235; Mart.x. 25) all whom they got into their power, along with their children (Pont. ap. Ath. xii. 524 a). This story belongs probably to the “two generations” of civil strife at Miletus recorded by Herodotus; but no such horrors are mentioned in Greece proper, where even Helots and serfs ranked as Hellenes. Pisistratus and his sons governed according to the laws of Solon, and even the proceedings which arose out of the murder of Hipparchus fall short of the cruelties inflicted on regicides in quite recent times. There is, in fact, no evidence that crucifixion, impalement, and burning alive were regarded as Greek punishments, at least where, as in Hellas itself, there was no contact with less civilized races. It was the same with mutilations of all kinds, such as the blinding prescribed by the laws of Locri in Italy (Demosth. c. Timocr. p. 744. 140) or the cutting off of hands and feet as practiced by the Persians (Xen. Anab.i. 9. 13). The cruelties alluded to in Aesch. Eum. 186-190, including impalement, are those not of Greeks, but of barbarians, and the distinction is pointedly drawn. The Greeks distinguished between reverence for the human body, for which they had a passionate admiration as shown in their athletic exercises and their works of art, and reverence for human life, which they held cheap enough. This feeling continued unimpaired as long as Greece retained her freedom. In the Macedonian period Greece no longer enjoyed this happy immunity; as a mere province in a larger Hellenism, it was influenced by lower and less humane races. Alexander himself is not free from the stain of cruelty, as is shown by his treatment of real or supposed conspiracies against his person in the cases of Philotas and Hermolaüs. He is said to have either hanged or crucified 2000 Tyrians; he certainly crucified Musicanus, the Indian rajah who had rebelled after being reinstated in his dominions (Arrian, Anab. vi. 17). His successors improved upon his example: a year after his death Perdiccas and Eumenes crucified the aged Ariarathes of Cappadocia after other tortures (Diod. xviii. 16); Lysimachus threatened to crucify the Cyrenaic philosopher Theodorus, though an ambassador, but did not carry out his threat (Cic. Tusc.i. 43. 102). Nicocreon of Cyprus, contemporary with Alexander, actually pounded the philosopher Anaxarchus to death in a mortar (Cic. Tusc. ii. 22. 52). A similar story is told of an older philosopher, Zeno the Eleatic, and a tyrant of his native city (Cic. l. c.); but the accounts are contradictory. Nabis, the tyrant of Sparta, used as an engine of torture a figure studded with nails resembling the Eiserne Jungfrau of some German cities (Polyb. xiii. 7). It is not necessary to pursue the records of this period any further. The general aversion of the Greeks to degrading punishments was not understood by grammarians who lived under the law of the later Roman Empire, nor by scholars like Lipsius (De Cruce, 1592), in whose time even worse horrors were perpetrated. The Romans were naturally a hard-hearted people, and Livy shows considerable audacity in saying that the dismembering of Mettius Fufetius was the only example in their history of a disregard of the laws of humanity; adding that they might boast that no nation had employed milder punishments (i. 28). From the language of Cicero (Pro Rab. Perd. 4. 13) it has been inferred that crucifixion was in use in the regal period. But the words of the old law point rather to simple hanging (infelici arbori reste suspendito, Liv.i. 26), though the cross was no doubt called arbor infelix in later times. Cicero, who is arguing against the revival of the obsolete law of perduellio and the capital punishment of citizens in any shape, is speaking rhetorically throughout: he quotes the formula without the word reste, a misleading and doubtless intentional omission, and talks vaguely of the cross (10, 11, 16) and of the detested Tarquin (13). No historical conclusions can be drawn from a speech so obviously designed to confuse the questions at issue. It is highly probable that the Romans derived this punishment from the Carthaginians; at least no mention of it appears to occur before the Second Punic War. First we find Hannibal crucifying a guide who had misled him (Liv. xxii. 13); then the Romans practice it on slaves and deserters (Liv. xxii. 33; xxx. 43. 13; xxxiii. 36). This last passage describes a revolt among the slaves in Etruria, B.C. 196; the ringleaders are scourged and crucified, the rest given up to their masters to be dealt with at discretion. The enormous increase in the numbers of slaves under the later Republic heightened the dread of a rising among them, and the Roman system became more and more one of undisguised terrorism. Two desperate rebellions broke out in Sicily, and were only put down by regular armies--the first in B.C. 134-133, the second lasting four years, 102-99. After the pacification by the praetor M'. Aquillius in B.C. 99, a regulation was made, and strictly enforced by successive governors of the island, that no slave should be allowed to carry a weapon. A few years later, the praetor L. Domitius received a boar of remarkable size as a present; he inquired who had killed it, and finding that it was a slave employed as a shepherd, he summoned the man before him and asked him how he had contrived to destroy it. The shepherd, who expected a reward, replied that he had killed it with a boar-spear (venabulo); upon which Domitius at once ordered him to be crucified. Cicero tells this story with only faint disapproval, while he dwells complacently on the fact that there were no more revolts of the slaves in Sicily (in Verr. v. 3, 4. 7, 8). When the servile war of Spartacus was at last put down by Crassus, the prisoners, to the number of 6000, were crucified all along the Appian Way, between Capua and Rome (B. C. i. 120). The power of masters over their slaves was at this period, and for some time later, absolute; even the good-natured Horace treats as a joke the possibility of their being crucified for slight offences (Sat.i. 3 Sat., 80 foll.). The first measure passed in their favor was the Lex Petronia (q.v.); Hadrian forbade them to be executed without the sentence of a magistrate; Antoninus Pius ordered that the murder of a slave by his master should be punished as homicide. Besides slaves, the provincials were liable to crucifixion for the greater crimes, such as murder, piracy (Iul. 4), brigandage, and especially for revolts and conspiracies. The obstinacy of the Jews was particularly exasperating to the Romans, and their repeated rebellions were followed by the wholesale infliction of this punishment; thus Varus (the same who perished in Germany) crucified 2000 at once (Joseph. Ant. xvii. 10. 10); Gessius Florus several hundreds, including Roman citizens of Jewish birth (id. B. I. ii. 14. 9); Titus so many that “room was wanting for the crosses, and crosses for the bodies” (id. ib. vi. 28); and Hadrian, after the final revolt, 500 a day for some time. Under the Empire the right of the civis Romanus was no longer respected; the first instance, probably, of the crucifixion of a citizen in Rome itself is that, under Galba, of a guardian who poisoned his ward (Galb. 9). Afterwards the odious distinction between the honestiores and humiliores was introduced, and this and other tortures were freely inflicted upon the latter, especially for maiestas or crimes against the State or the person of the emperor (Paul. Sent.v. 23Paul. Sent., 1; Dig. 48, 19, tit. de poenis). The mode of punishment is too well known to need much description. Scourging, as with Roman capital punishments in general, usually preceded it. Three kinds of crosses were in common use: the crux commissa, or T shape; the crux immissa, with a projection at the top, to which was affixed the titulus, setting forth the crime of the sufferer (this was the most common); and the crux decussata, in the shape of an X (St. Andrew's cross). The word crux is also applied to the single stake used in impalement; the latter process is alluded to by Seneca in two passages, but, as he is speaking of death by torture in general, it may be doubted, in the absence of direct evidence, whether this was a Roman custom (Cons. ad Marciam, 20. 3, where crucifixion with the head downward is mentioned). The upright post is called stipes, the transverse beam patibulum; and it was this, rather than the entire instrument, which the criminal carried to the place of execution (Plaut. Mostell. i. 1, 53, and ap. Non. s.v. patibulum). It was impossible that the whole weight of the body should rest upon the nails; hence there was a piece of wood projecting from the stipes on which the sufferer sat, or rather rode (Tertull. adv. Nat. i. 12; cf. adv. Haer. i. 12). The expression acuta si sedeam cruce, in the famous lines of Maecenas ap. Plin. Ep. 101, probably refers to this support, and not, as Lipsius thought, to impalement. When it was wanting, the body was probably sustained by ropes; the combination of ropes with nails is mentioned by Pliny as charms (Pliny H.N. xxviii. 46). See Eculeus. The martyrologies contain accounts of sufferers bound to the cross without the use of nails, and left to die of hunger and exhaustion; when it is added that in some instances they survived nine days, we must be allowed to disbelieve. The criminal was stripped of his clothes--the cloth around the loins, as to which the Christian tradition is constant, seems to have been exceptional-- and usually hoisted on to the cross after it had been set up. Sometimes he was stretched upon it on the ground, and then lifted with it; but the former method was the commoner, and hence the phrases cruci suffigere, in crucem agere or tollere, occur oftener than cruci affigere. The well-known breaking of the legs to hasten death is alluded to by Plautus (Poen. iv. 2 Poen., 64) and Cicero (Phil. xiii. 12. 27). The dead body was generally left hanging on the cross, to be devoured by birds and beasts; the feet were but little raised above the ground (not as in most pictures), and it was not out of the reach of the latter (Plin. Ep. i. 16Plin. Ep., 48; Juv. xiv. 77). Sepulture was therefore forbidden, and a soldier set to watch the corpse (Petron. 111Petron., 112). The place for these executions was always outside the walls of cities; at Rome it was the Campus Esquilinus, to the east of the city, part of which was afterwards occupied by the gardens of Maecenas. With the establishment of Christianity the associations connected with the Cross led to its abolition, though not from humanity, as other cruel punishments were retained. Constantine at the beginning of his reign had sanctioned it in the case of slaves and freedmen, but later he abolished it. See the article “Kreuz” in Kraus, Realencyclopädie d. Christlichen Alterthums (1886), where a list of the various forms of the cross is given; also Mortillet, Le Signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme (1866); Fulda, Das Kreuz und die Kreuzigung (Breslau, 1878); and Huschke, Die Multa (Leipzig, 1882). (references) | ||
| Geography | Crux is geographically located in France. Its features include a populated place (a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work). Its geographic coordinates are 47.166667 degrees North latitude and 3.516667 degrees East longitude. (references) | ||
| Literature | Crux (A). A knotty point, a difficulty. Instantia crucis means a crucial test, or the point where two similar diseases crossed and showed a special feature. It does not refer to the cross, an instrument of punishment; but to the crossing of two lines, called also a node or knot; hence a trouble or difficulty. Qua te mala crux agitat? (Plautus); What evil cross distresses you? - i.e. what difficulty, what trouble are you under?. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. | ||
| Wikipedic | CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. The primary focus of this distribution is "keep it simple", which is reflected in a simple tar.gz-based package system, BSD-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages. The secondary focus is utilization of new Linux features and recent tools and libraries. CRUX also has a ports system which makes it easy to install and upgrade applications. (references) | ||
| Wiktionary | 1: [Noun] The basic, central, or critical point or feature. (references) | ||
| 2: [Noun] The hardest point of a climb. (references) | |||
| 3: [Proper noun] (astronomy) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania. (references) | |||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | Top | ||
| Expressions | Definition | ||
| Crux Australis | A small conspicuous constellation in the southern hemisphere in the Milky Way near Centaurus. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. | ||
| Crux Gemmata | Crux gemmata is a fork-ended jeweled cross with thirteen precious stones, from which its Latin name ("gemmed") is derived. It is a Christian symbol for Christ and His twelve apostles, and represents the Resurrection. (references) | ||
| Crux of the matter | The most important point. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | Top | ||
| Expressions | Domain | Definition | |
| Crux Ansata | Literature | The tau cross with a loop or handle at the top. (See Cross.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. | |
| Crux ansata | Religion & Philosophy | The ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol of life, the --, a tau cross surmounted by a loop and known as crux ansata, was adopted and extensively used on Coptic Christian monuments. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Crux commissa | Religion & Philosophy | An object having the form of a capital T, associated with certain early misteries of faith which were perhaps derived from the Ankn. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Crux Decussata | Literature | 1: A St. Andrew's cross 2: "Crux decussata est in qua duo ligna directa et aequabilia inter se obliquantur, cujus formam refert litera X quae, ut ait Isidorus (Orig, 1, iii.) `in figura crucem et in numero decem demonstrat.' Haec vulgo Andreana vocatur, quod vetus traditio sit in hac S. Antream fuisse necatum." - Gretser: De Cruce, book i. p. 2. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. | |
| Crux gammata | Religion & Philosophy | The --, called --, its form being composed of four Greek capitals of the letter gamma, is marked on many early christian tombs as a veil symbol of the cross. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Crux Pectoralis | Literature | 1: "Crucem cum pretioso ligno vel cum reliquis Sanctorum ante pectus portare suspensum ad collum, hoc est quod vocant encolpium [or crux Pectoralis]." - See Ducange, vol. iii. p. 302, col. 2, article ENCOLPIUM. 2: The cross which bishops of the Church of Rome suspend over their breast. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. | |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | Top | ||
Topics by Level of Interest: Crux | ||||
| Topics sorted by level of Interest | Level (1=low, 600=high) | Topics sorted Alphabetically | Level (1=low, 600=high) | |
| List of stars in Crux | 21 | Crix Crax Crux | 4 | |
| Crux (comics) | 18 | Crux (alternative meanings) | 2 | |
| USS Crux (AK-115) | 12 | Crux (comics) | 18 | |
| Honoris Crux | 9 | Crux (literary) | 6 | |
| Crux (literary) | 6 | Crux Easton | 3 | |
| Honoris Crux Silver | 5 | Crux Gemmata | 3 | |
| Honoris Crux Gold | 5 | Honoris Crux | 9 | |
| Honoris Crux Diamond | 4 | Honoris Crux Diamond | 4 | |
| Crix Crax Crux | 4 | Honoris Crux Gold | 5 | |
| Crux Easton | 3 | Honoris Crux Silver | 5 | |
| Crux Gemmata | 3 | List of stars in Crux | 21 | |
| Crux (alternative meanings) | 2 | USS Crux (AK-115) | 12 | |
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Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses). | ||||
| Language | Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses) | |||
| Al Arabiya | صَلِيبُ الجَنُوب (crux, cruxes), أساس (ground, grounds, base, foundation, basis), عُجْمَة (abstruseness, accent, accented, accenting, accents), اِلْتِباس (ambiguity, confusion, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos), نُعَيْم (crux, cruxes), لَبْس (ambiguity, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos, clutter), لُبْس (abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity, chaos, clutter), النقطة الاساسية (crux), تَشَوُّش (confusion, tangle, abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity), صليب (crucifix, cross, crux, mark, rood). Additional references: Al Arabiya, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Al Fus-Ha | صَلِيبُ الجَنُوب (crux, cruxes), أساس (ground, grounds, base, foundation, basis), عُجْمَة (abstruseness, accent, accented, accenting, accents), اِلْتِباس (ambiguity, confusion, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos), نُعَيْم (crux, cruxes), لَبْس (ambiguity, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos, clutter), لُبْس (abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity, chaos, clutter), النقطة الاساسية (crux), تَشَوُّش (confusion, tangle, abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity), صليب (crucifix, cross, crux, mark, rood). Additional references: Al Fus-Ha, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Albanian | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Albanian, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Arabic | صَلِيبُ الجَنُوب (crux, cruxes), أساس (ground, grounds, base, foundation, basis), عُجْمَة (abstruseness, accent, accented, accenting, accents), اِلْتِباس (ambiguity, confusion, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos), نُعَيْم (crux, cruxes), لَبْس (ambiguity, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos, clutter), لُبْس (abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity, chaos, clutter), النقطة الاساسية (crux), تَشَوُّش (confusion, tangle, abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity), صليب (crucifix, cross, crux, mark, rood). Additional references: Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Armenian | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Armenian, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Armjanski Yazyk | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Armjanski Yazyk, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Arnaut | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Arnaut, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bahasa Indonesia | pokok persoalan yg sukar dipecahkan (crux), kemuskilan (abstruseness, crux), inti soal (crux), pokok persoalan yang sukar dipecahkan (crux), pokok inti soal (crux), hal yang terpenting (crux). Additional references: Bahasa Indonesia, Indonesia, Java, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Balgarski | трудност (ado, crux, difficulty, hardness, hardship), загадка (crux, enigma, problem, puzzle, riddle), пункт (clause, item, point, post, station), труден проблем (crux, twister), централен въпрос (crux), южният кръст (crux), основен (abecedarian, alkaline, basal, basic, cardinal), основният проблем (the crux of the matter). Additional references: Balgarski, Bulgaria, Greece, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Balgarski (transliteration) | trudnost (ado, crux, difficulty, hardness, hardship), zagadka (crux, enigma, problem, puzzle, riddle), punkt (clause, item, point, post, station), truden problem (crux, twister), tsentralen vʺpros (crux), yuzhniyat krʺst (crux), osnoven (abecedarian, alkaline, basal, basic, cardinal), osnovniyat problem (the crux of the matter). Additional references: Balgarski, Bulgaria, Greece, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Basque | funts (ABC, base, core, crux, essence), mami (flesh, pulp, close, core, crux). Additional references: Basque, Spain, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belarusan | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belarusan, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belarusan (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belarusan, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belarusian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belarusian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belarusian (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belarusian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belorussian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Belorussian (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Belorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bielorussian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Bielorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bielorussian (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Bielorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bohemian | problém (problem, crux, proposition, puzzler, challenge), zapreka (balk, barricade, barrier, clog, crux), teškoæa (ado, crux, cumber, difficult, difficulty), nedoumica (crux, dilemma, puzzle), bit znaèenja (crux), podstata (gist, essence, nub, principle, substance), jádro věci (the heart of the matter, crux, gist, heart of the matter, score), výkřik (outcry, scream, cry, ejaculation, shout), rozhodující moment (crux, turning point). Additional references: Bohemian, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bourbonnais | nonze (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Bourbonnais, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Brazilian Portuguese | ponto crucial (crux), dificuldade (difficulty, trouble, fix, ado, crux), cruzeiro do sul (crux), crux (crux). Additional references: Brazilian Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bulgarian | трудност (ado, crux, difficulty, hardness, hardship), загадка (crux, enigma, problem, puzzle, riddle), пункт (clause, item, point, post, station), труден проблем (crux, twister), централен въпрос (crux), южният кръст (crux), основен (abecedarian, alkaline, basal, basic, cardinal), основният проблем (the crux of the matter). Additional references: Bulgarian, Bulgaria, Greece, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Bulgarian (transliteration) | trudnost (ado, crux, difficulty, hardness, hardship), zagadka (crux, enigma, problem, puzzle, riddle), punkt (clause, item, point, post, station), truden problem (crux, twister), tsentralen vʺpros (crux), yuzhniyat krʺst (crux), osnoven (abecedarian, alkaline, basal, basic, cardinal), osnovniyat problem (the crux of the matter). Additional references: Bulgarian, Bulgaria, Greece, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Byelorussian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Byelorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Byelorussian (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: Byelorussian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Catalan | Creu del Sud (Crux). Additional references: Catalan, Spain, Andorra, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Central Danish | vanskelighed (arduousness, crux). Additional references: Central Danish, Denmark, Germany, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Central Mongolian | хїндрэл (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), бэрхшээл (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Central Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Central (transliteration) | khїndrel (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), berkhsheel (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Central Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Central Tai | กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ (Crux), ชื่อกลุ่มดาวที่มีการเรียงตัวเหมือนไม้กางเขน (crux, southern cross), ประเด็นสำคัญ (crux), ปัญหายุ่งยาก (crux, difficult problem, puzzling thing). Additional references: Central Tai, Thailand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Cestina | problém (problem, crux, proposition, puzzler, challenge), zapreka (balk, barricade, barrier, clog, crux), teškoæa (ado, crux, cumber, difficult, difficulty), nedoumica (crux, dilemma, puzzle), bit znaèenja (crux), podstata (gist, essence, nub, principle, substance), jádro věci (the heart of the matter, crux, gist, heart of the matter, score), výkřik (outcry, scream, cry, ejaculation, shout), rozhodující moment (crux, turning point). Additional references: Cestina, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Chadian Arabic | muhimmîn (basic points, crux of the matter, high profile, in the first flight, main thing), muhimm (basic points, crux of the matter, high profile, in the first flight, main thing). Additional references: Chadian Arabic, Chad, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Chinese Simplified | 症结 (crux, cruxes), 难点 (crux, difficult point, difficulty, nodus), 竅 (apertures, cavity, crux, gist of a matter, hole), 十字架形 (crux). Additional references: Chinese Simplified, China, Brunei, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Chinese Traditional | 難點 (crux, difficulty), 症結 (crux, sticking point), 竅 (opening, intelligence, apertures, cavity, crux). Additional references: Chinese Traditional, China, Brunei, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Corse | sciundera (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundone (background, bottom, deposit, ground, depot), fundaccone (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundacciu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fondu (cellar, deep, stocking, background, bottom), centru (centre, center, core, middle, nucleus), bassu (depression, stocking, background, bottom, ground), céintru (average, center, center hole, centering, Centers), nodu (node, knot, hitch, panel point, boulet). Additional references: Corse, France, Italy, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Corsi | sciundera (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundone (background, bottom, deposit, ground, depot), fundaccone (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundacciu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fondu (cellar, deep, stocking, background, bottom), centru (centre, center, core, middle, nucleus), bassu (depression, stocking, background, bottom, ground), céintru (average, center, center hole, centering, Centers), nodu (node, knot, hitch, panel point, boulet). Additional references: Corsi, France, Italy, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Corsican | sciundera (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundone (background, bottom, deposit, ground, depot), fundaccone (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundacciu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fondu (cellar, deep, stocking, background, bottom), centru (centre, center, core, middle, nucleus), bassu (depression, stocking, background, bottom, ground), céintru (average, center, center hole, centering, Centers), nodu (node, knot, hitch, panel point, boulet). Additional references: Corsican, France, Italy, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Corso | sciundera (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundone (background, bottom, deposit, ground, depot), fundaccone (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundacciu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fondu (cellar, deep, stocking, background, bottom), centru (centre, center, core, middle, nucleus), bassu (depression, stocking, background, bottom, ground), céintru (average, center, center hole, centering, Centers), nodu (node, knot, hitch, panel point, boulet). Additional references: Corso, France, Italy, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Corsu | sciundera (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundone (background, bottom, deposit, ground, depot), fundaccone (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fundacciu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance), fondu (cellar, deep, stocking, background, bottom), centru (centre, center, core, middle, nucleus), bassu (depression, stocking, background, bottom, ground), céintru (average, center, center hole, centering, Centers), nodu (node, knot, hitch, panel point, boulet). Additional references: Corsu, France, Italy, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Croatian | zapreka (barricade, barrier, crux, cumber, hindrance), nedoumica (dilemma, crux, puzzle). Additional references: Croatian, Croatia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Czech | problém (problem, crux, proposition, puzzler, challenge), zapreka (balk, barricade, barrier, clog, crux), teškoæa (ado, crux, cumber, difficult, difficulty), nedoumica (crux, dilemma, puzzle), bit znaèenja (crux), podstata (gist, essence, nub, principle, substance), jádro věci (the heart of the matter, crux, gist, heart of the matter, score), výkřik (outcry, scream, cry, ejaculation, shout), rozhodující moment (crux, turning point). Additional references: Czech, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Daco-Rumanian | miez (pulp, core, kernel, cores, middle), enigmã (conundrum, crux, enigma, mystery, puzzle), dificultate (difficulty, difficulties, ado, arduousness, complication), cheie (key, clef, clue, keyed, keys). Additional references: Daco-Rumanian, Romania, Hungary, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Danish | vanskelighed (arduousness, crux). Additional references: Danish, Denmark, Germany, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Dansk | vanskelighed (arduousness, crux). Additional references: Dansk, Denmark, Germany, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Dari | لغز (conundrum, crux, puzzle, enigma, riddle), معما (mystery, conundrum, enigma, puzzle, riddle), چيستان (conundrum, puzzle, crux, enigma, problem), مغز كلام (crux), مسلله دشوار (crux), مسئله دشوار (crux), چیستان (conundrum, crux, enigma, problem, puzzle), مسٸله دشوار (crux). Additional references: Dari, Iran, Indo-European, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Deutsch | Haken (hook, hooks, catch, crotchet, crux), Krux (crux), Springender punkt (crux, crucial point, endgame, salient point), Schlueßelstelle (crux), Kreuz des Südens (crux, Southern Cross), springende Punkt (crux), Springend Punkt (crux), Problem (problem, trouble, issue, hitch, business), Kern (core, kernel, nucleus, pip, stone), Harte Nuss (crux). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Dutch | onoplosbare moeilijkheid (crux), moeilijkheid (difficulty, trouble, crux, difficulties, embarrassment), kardinale vraag (crux), kardinale punt (crux), Sleutelpassage (crux), Zuiderkruis (southern cross, Crux). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Eesti | tuum (core, heart, nucleus, pith, crux), rist (cross, criss-cross, crux, dagger, rood). Additional references: Eesti, Estonia, Finland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ena | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Ena, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ermeni Dili | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Ermeni Dili, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ermenice | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Ermenice, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Estonian | tuum (core, heart, nucleus, pith, crux), rist (cross, criss-cross, crux, dagger, rood). Additional references: Estonian, Estonia, Finland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Euskera | funts (ABC, base, core, crux, essence), mami (flesh, pulp, close, core, crux). Additional references: Euskera, Spain, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Finnish | Etelän risti (Crux). Additional references: Finnish, Finland, Russia (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Français | point crucial (crux), Noeud (node, knot, hitch, joint, cluster), Croix du Sud (Southern Cross, Crux), point capital (crux), passage clé (crux), idée forcé (crux), fond (background, bottom, ground, foundation, back), centre (centre, center, core, middle, average). Additional references: Français, France, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| French | point crucial (crux), Noeud (node, knot, hitch, joint, cluster), Croix du Sud (Southern Cross, Crux), point capital (crux), passage clé (crux), idée forcé (crux), fond (background, bottom, ground, foundation, back), centre (centre, center, core, middle, average). Additional references: French, France, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Gaelg | cree (heart, boundary, bud, button, centre). Additional references: Gaelg, United Kingdom, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Gailck | cree (heart, boundary, bud, button, centre). Additional references: Gailck, United Kingdom, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| German | Haken (hook, hooks, catch, crotchet, crux), Krux (crux), Springender punkt (crux, crucial point, endgame, salient point), Schlueßelstelle (crux), Kreuz des Südens (crux, Southern Cross), springende Punkt (crux), Springend Punkt (crux), Problem (problem, trouble, issue, hitch, business), Kern (core, kernel, nucleus, pip, stone), Harte Nuss (crux). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Greek | κόμποσ (crux, bend, kink, knob, knobs), ζωτικό σημείο (crux), κύρια δυσκολία (crux), δυσκολία (difficulty, arduousness, crux, gaff, inconvenience). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Greek (transliteration) | kombos (crux, bend, kink, knob, knobs), zotiko simeio (crux), kuria dhiskolia (crux), dhiskolia (difficulty, arduousness, crux, gaff, inconvenience). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Haieren | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Haieren, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Halh | хїндрэл (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), бэрхшээл (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Halh, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Halh (transliteration) | khїndrel (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), berkhsheel (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Halh, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hanguk Mal | 요점 (gist, pith, crux, point, sum), 십자가 (cross, rood, crux, crucifix, holy rood), 급소 (quick, vital, crux, point), 수수께끼 (riddle, enigma, conundrum, puzzle, crux), 남십자성 (southern Cross,the, crux), 남문제 (crux), 난점 (nodus, objection, crux), 난문 (problem, Chinese puzzle, puzzle, riddle, crux), 핵심 (core, kernel, center, hard core, heart), 가장 중요한 점 (crux). Additional references: Hanguk Mal, Korea, South, Korea, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hanguohua | 요점 (gist, pith, crux, point, sum), 십자가 (cross, rood, crux, crucifix, holy rood), 급소 (quick, vital, crux, point), 수수께끼 (riddle, enigma, conundrum, puzzle, crux), 남십자성 (southern Cross,the, crux), 남문제 (crux), 난점 (nodus, objection, crux), 난문 (problem, Chinese puzzle, puzzle, riddle, crux), 핵심 (core, kernel, center, hard core, heart), 가장 중요한 점 (crux). Additional references: Hanguohua, Korea, South, Korea, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hebrew | רקיע (crux, firmament, gist, canopy, expanse), הצלב הדרומי (Crux), עקר (backdrop, background, backgrounds, barren, basis), נקודה מכרעת (crux), מַהוּת (crux, form, gist, marrow, meat), קֹשִׁי (crux, difficulty, endurance, hardship, hassle), עִקָּר (crux, gist, meat, quintessence, rudiment). Additional references: Hebrew, Israel, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| High Arabic | صَلِيبُ الجَنُوب (crux, cruxes), أساس (ground, grounds, base, foundation, basis), عُجْمَة (abstruseness, accent, accented, accenting, accents), اِلْتِباس (ambiguity, confusion, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos), نُعَيْم (crux, cruxes), لَبْس (ambiguity, abstruseness, ambiguities, chaos, clutter), لُبْس (abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity, chaos, clutter), النقطة الاساسية (crux), تَشَوُّش (confusion, tangle, abstruseness, ambiguities, ambiguity), صليب (crucifix, cross, crux, mark, rood). Additional references: High Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| High German | Haken (hook, hooks, catch, crotchet, crux), Krux (crux), Springender punkt (crux, crucial point, endgame, salient point), Schlueßelstelle (crux), Kreuz des Südens (crux, Southern Cross), springende Punkt (crux), Springend Punkt (crux), Problem (problem, trouble, issue, hitch, business), Kern (core, kernel, nucleus, pip, stone), Harte Nuss (crux). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hindi | क्रूश (cross, crux), कठिनाई (abstruseness, arduousness, crux, difficulty, fix), कठिन बात (crux). Additional references: Hindi, India, Nepal, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hochdeutsch | Haken (hook, hooks, catch, crotchet, crux), Krux (crux), Springender punkt (crux, crucial point, endgame, salient point), Schlueßelstelle (crux), Kreuz des Südens (crux, Southern Cross), springende Punkt (crux), Springend Punkt (crux), Problem (problem, trouble, issue, hitch, business), Kern (core, kernel, nucleus, pip, stone), Harte Nuss (crux). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Hungarian | nehézség (difficulty, balk, hardness, knot, crux), bökkenõ (crux). Additional references: Hungarian, Hungary, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Indonesian | pokok persoalan yg sukar dipecahkan (crux), kemuskilan (abstruseness, crux), inti soal (crux), pokok persoalan yang sukar dipecahkan (crux), pokok inti soal (crux), hal yang terpenting (crux). Additional references: Indonesian, Indonesia, Java, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Irish | An Chros (Crux). Additional references: Irish, United Kingdom, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Isizulu | gqikithi (bond, bonds, connection, connections, connexion). Additional references: Isizulu, South Africa, Malawi, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Italian | punto cruciale (crux), croce (cross, crux, rood, dagger, mark), nodo (knot, node, burl, gnarl, joint), punto difficile (nodus, crux), problema arduo (crux, poser), passaggio chiave (crux), croce dei critici (crux of critics). Additional references: Italian, Italy, Croatia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ivrit | רקיע (crux, firmament, gist, canopy, expanse), הצלב הדרומי (Crux), עקר (backdrop, background, backgrounds, barren, basis), נקודה מכרעת (crux), מַהוּת (crux, form, gist, marrow, meat), קֹשִׁי (crux, difficulty, endurance, hardship, hassle), עִקָּר (crux, gist, meat, quintessence, rudiment). Additional references: Ivrit, Israel, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Japanese | 核心 (core, kernel, pith, crux, essence), 最重要点 (crux, gravamen), 要所 (important point, important position, crux, hinge, key), 難点 (fault, weakness, objection, crux, difficulty), 十字形 (cross, cruciform, crux), 南十字星 (southern cross, crux), 十字架 (cross, the cross, crucifix, crux, rood), なぞ (riddle, calm, crux, enigma, lull), 難問 (perplexity, puzzle, difficult problem, difficult question, poser), 謎 (riddle, enigma, puzzle, mystery, conundrum). Additional references: Japanese, Japan, Taiwan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Khadi Boli | क्रूश (cross, crux), कठिनाई (abstruseness, arduousness, crux, difficulty, fix), कठिन बात (crux). Additional references: Khadi Boli, India, Nepal, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Khalkha Mongolian | хїндрэл (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), бэрхшээл (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Khalkha Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Khalkha (transliteration) | khїndrel (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), berkhsheel (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Khalkha Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Khari Boli | क्रूश (cross, crux), कठिनाई (abstruseness, arduousness, crux, difficulty, fix), कठिन बात (crux). Additional references: Khari Boli, India, Nepal, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Korean | 요점 (gist, pith, crux, point, sum), 십자가 (cross, rood, crux, crucifix, holy rood), 급소 (quick, vital, crux, point), 수수께끼 (riddle, enigma, conundrum, puzzle, crux), 남십자성 (southern Cross,the, crux), 남문제 (crux), 난점 (nodus, objection, crux), 난문 (problem, Chinese puzzle, puzzle, riddle, crux), 핵심 (core, kernel, center, hard core, heart), 가장 중요한 점 (crux). Additional references: Korean, Korea, South, Korea, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Langadoc | cocarde (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Langadoc, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Languedoc | cocarde (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Languedoc, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Languedocien | cocarde (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Languedocien, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Latvian | mīkla (paste, conundrum, crux, dough, duff). Additional references: Latvian, Latvia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Latviska | mīkla (paste, conundrum, crux, dough, duff). Additional references: Latviska, Latvia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Lengadoucian | cocarde (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Lengadoucian, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Lettisch | mīkla (paste, conundrum, crux, dough, duff). Additional references: Lettisch, Latvia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Lettish | mīkla (paste, conundrum, crux, dough, duff). Additional references: Lettish, Latvia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Lorrain | aitiot (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Lorrain, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Magyar | nehézség (difficulty, balk, hardness, knot, crux), bökkenõ (crux). Additional references: Magyar, Hungary, Austria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Manx | cree (heart, boundary, bud, button, centre). Additional references: Manx, United Kingdom, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Manx Gaelic | cree (heart, boundary, bud, button, centre). Additional references: Manx Gaelic, United Kingdom, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Maori | iho (essence, cell, content, crux, down). Additional references: Maori, New Zealand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Moldavian | miez (pulp, core, kernel, cores, middle), enigmã (conundrum, crux, enigma, mystery, puzzle), dificultate (difficulty, difficulties, ado, arduousness, complication), cheie (key, clef, clue, keyed, keys). Additional references: Moldavian, Romania, Hungary, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Mongol | хїндрэл (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), бэрхшээл (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Mongol, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Mongol (transliteration) | khїndrel (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), berkhsheel (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Mongol, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Mongolian | хїндрэл (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), бэрхшээл (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Mongolian (transliteration) | khїndrel (aggravation, complicacy, complication, crux, cumber), berkhsheel (ado, adversity, asperity, crux, cumber). Additional references: Mongolian, Mongolia, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| New Zealand Maori | iho (essence, cell, content, crux, down). Additional references: New Zealand Maori, New Zealand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Occitani | cocarde (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Occitani, France, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Parsi | لغز (conundrum, crux, puzzle, enigma, riddle), معما (mystery, conundrum, enigma, puzzle, riddle), چيستان (conundrum, puzzle, crux, enigma, problem), مغز كلام (crux), مسلله دشوار (crux), مسئله دشوار (crux), چیستان (conundrum, crux, enigma, problem, puzzle), مسٸله دشوار (crux). Additional references: Parsi, Iran, Indo-European, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Patois of Sorcy-Bauthémont | noud (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Patois of Sorcy-Bauthémont, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Patois of Velay | tan (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink), riquet (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink). Additional references: Patois of Velay, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Persian | لغز (conundrum, crux, puzzle, enigma, riddle), معما (mystery, conundrum, enigma, puzzle, riddle), چيستان (conundrum, puzzle, crux, enigma, problem), مغز كلام (crux), مسلله دشوار (crux), مسئله دشوار (crux), چیستان (conundrum, crux, enigma, problem, puzzle), مسٸله دشوار (crux). Additional references: Persian, Iran, Indo-European, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Persian (Farsi) | لغز (conundrum, crux, puzzle, enigma, riddle), معما (mystery, conundrum, enigma, puzzle, riddle), چيستان (conundrum, puzzle, crux, enigma, problem), مغز كلام (crux), مسلله دشوار (crux), مسئله دشوار (crux), چیستان (conundrum, crux, enigma, problem, puzzle), مسٸله دشوار (crux). Additional references: Persian (Farsi), Iran, Indo-European, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Polish | krzyż (cross, back, buttock, crucifix, crux), zagadka (enigma, riddle, puzzle, conundrum, quiz), sedno sprawy (core, crux, gist, heart, kernel), sedno (gist, point, essence, kernel, pith), Najtrudniejszy przechwyt wyciag na drodze (crux). Additional references: Polish, Poland, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Polnisch | krzyż (cross, back, buttock, crucifix, crux), zagadka (enigma, riddle, puzzle, conundrum, quiz), sedno sprawy (core, crux, gist, heart, kernel), sedno (gist, point, essence, kernel, pith), Najtrudniejszy przechwyt wyciag na drodze (crux). Additional references: Polnisch, Poland, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Polski | krzyż (cross, back, buttock, crucifix, crux), zagadka (enigma, riddle, puzzle, conundrum, quiz), sedno sprawy (core, crux, gist, heart, kernel), sedno (gist, point, essence, kernel, pith), Najtrudniejszy przechwyt wyciag na drodze (crux). Additional references: Polski, Poland, Czech Republic, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Portuguese | ponto crucial (crux), dificuldade (difficulty, trouble, encumbrance, hardness, fix), nó de a questão (crux), cruzeiro do sul (crux), crux (crux). Additional references: Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Provençal | ganse (node, knot, loop, hitch, endless loop). Additional references: Provençal, France, Monaco, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Romanian | miez (pulp, core, kernel, cores, middle), enigmã (conundrum, crux, enigma, mystery, puzzle), dificultate (difficulty, difficulties, ado, arduousness, complication), cheie (key, clef, clue, keyed, keys). Additional references: Romanian, Romania, Hungary, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Rumanian | miez (pulp, core, kernel, cores, middle), enigmã (conundrum, crux, enigma, mystery, puzzle), dificultate (difficulty, difficulties, ado, arduousness, complication), cheie (key, clef, clue, keyed, keys). Additional references: Rumanian, Romania, Hungary, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ruotsi | Krux (crux, snag, snags), svårighet (difficulty, trouble, crux, facer, strait), Södra korset (Crux), stötesten (stumbling block, stumblingblock, crux). Additional references: Ruotsi, Sweden, Finland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Russian | затруднение (crux, cumber, tickler, embarrassment, handicap), Южный Крест (Crux), трудный вопрос (poser, hard nut, crux, knotty question, puzzler), суть (gist, short, backbone, burden, core), загадка (conundrum, enigma, riddle, puzzle, crux), суть дела (kernel, crux of the matter). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Russian (transliteration) | zatrudnenie (crux, cumber, tickler, embarrassment, handicap), yuzhnyy krest (Crux), trudnyy vopros (poser, hard nut, crux, knotty question, puzzler), sutʹ (gist, short, backbone, burden, core), zagadka (conundrum, enigma, riddle, puzzle, crux), sutʹ dela (kernel, crux of the matter). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Russki | затруднение (crux, cumber, tickler, embarrassment, handicap), Южный Крест (Crux), трудный вопрос (poser, hard nut, crux, knotty question, puzzler), суть (gist, short, backbone, burden, core), загадка (conundrum, enigma, riddle, puzzle, crux), суть дела (kernel, crux of the matter). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Russki (transliteration) | zatrudnenie (crux, cumber, tickler, embarrassment, handicap), yuzhnyy krest (Crux), trudnyy vopros (poser, hard nut, crux, knotty question, puzzler), sutʹ (gist, short, backbone, burden, core), zagadka (conundrum, enigma, riddle, puzzle, crux), sutʹ dela (kernel, crux of the matter). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Santiago Crioulu | sentu (background, bottom, ground, foundation, substance). Additional references: Santiago Crioulu, Cape Verde, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Serbian (transliteration) | zagonetka (enigma, mystery, riddle, brain twister, conundrum), tvrd orah (crux, poser), teško pitanje (conundrum, crux, hard a nut, poser), nedoumica (ambiguity, confusion, crux, dilemma, doubt), čvor (hub, junction, articulation, bend, bowline), zapreka (impediment, obstacle, barricade, barrier, crux). Additional references: Serbian (transliteration), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Shkip | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Shkip, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Shqip | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Shqip, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Shqiperë | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Shqiperë, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Siamese | กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ (Crux), ชื่อกลุ่มดาวที่มีการเรียงตัวเหมือนไม้กางเขน (crux, southern cross), ประเด็นสำคัญ (crux), ปัญหายุ่งยาก (crux, difficult problem, puzzling thing). Additional references: Siamese, Thailand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Sjaelland | vanskelighed (arduousness, crux). Additional references: Sjaelland, Denmark, Germany, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Skchip | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Skchip, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Somkhuri | դժվար կացություն (crux, cumber). Additional references: Somkhuri, Armenia, Azerbaijan, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Spanish | cosa difícil (crux, teaser, trouble), lo esencial (crux, basics, essential, essential point, main), enigma (riddle, enigma, puzzle, crux, mystery), el quid (crux, point), toque (play, touch, beat, stroke, groundsill), quid (gist, crux, quiddity), punto crucial (crux, turning point), punto capital (crux, hinge, principal point), paso clave (crux), meollo (marrow, crux, guts, kernel, kernelly). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Standard Thai | กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ (Crux), ชื่อกลุ่มดาวที่มีการเรียงตัวเหมือนไม้กางเขน (crux, southern cross), ประเด็นสำคัญ (crux), ปัญหายุ่งยาก (crux, difficult problem, puzzling thing). Additional references: Standard Thai, Thailand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Suomea | Etelän risti (Crux). Additional references: Suomea, Finland, Russia (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Suomi | Etelän risti (Crux). Additional references: Suomi, Finland, Russia (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Svenska | Krux (crux, snag, snags), svårighet (difficulty, trouble, crux, facer, strait), Södra korset (Crux), stötesten (stumbling block, stumblingblock, crux). Additional references: Svenska, Sweden, Finland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Swedish | Krux (crux, snag, snags), svårighet (difficulty, trouble, crux, facer, strait), Södra korset (Crux), stötesten (stumbling block, stumblingblock, crux). Additional references: Swedish, Sweden, Finland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Thai | กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ (Crux), ชื่อกลุ่มดาวที่มีการเรียงตัวเหมือนไม้กางเขน (crux, southern cross), ประเด็นสำคัญ (crux), ปัญหายุ่งยาก (crux, difficult problem, puzzling thing). Additional references: Thai, Thailand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Thaiklang | กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ (Crux), ชื่อกลุ่มดาวที่มีการเรียงตัวเหมือนไม้กางเขน (crux, southern cross), ประเด็นสำคัญ (crux), ปัญหายุ่งยาก (crux, difficult problem, puzzling thing). Additional references: Thaiklang, Thailand, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Tosk | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Tosk, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Turkish | dönüm noktası (milestone, crisis, landmark, catastrophe, climax), bir sorunun merkez noktası (crux), açıklaması çok zor olan (crux), mesele (affair, matter, question, issue, business), haç (cross, crucial, rood, crucifix, crux), güneyhaçı (crux, southern cross), püf noktası (gadget, knack, pivot, trick, crux). Additional references: Turkish, Turkey, Bulgaria, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ukrainian | Їажке Питання (crux), утруднення (ado, crux, embarrass, embarrassed, embarrassing), ЗДИВУВАННЯ (amazement, wonder, amazing, bewilderment, crux), важке питання (crux, nice, poser), загадка (riddle, enigma, puzzle, crux, puzzlement), СКРУТА (ado, crux, embarrassment, obstruction, perplexity). Additional references: Ukrainian, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Ukrainian (transliteration) | Їazhke pitannya (crux), utrudnennya (ado, crux, embarrass, embarrassed, embarrassing), zdivuvannya (amazement, wonder, amazing, bewilderment, crux), vazhke pitannya (crux, nice, poser), zagadka (riddle, enigma, puzzle, crux, puzzlement), skruta (ado, crux, embarrassment, obstruction, perplexity). Additional references: Ukrainian, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Urdu | معمہ۔ پیچ۔ عقدہ۔ دشواری۔ مرحلہ۔ مشکل مرحلہ (crux). Additional references: Urdu, Pakistan, India, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Vascuense | funts (ABC, base, core, crux, essence), mami (flesh, pulp, close, core, crux). Additional references: Vascuense, Spain, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| White Russian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: White Russian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| White (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: White Russian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| White Ruthenian | РАЗГУБЛЕНАСЦЬ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: White Ruthenian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| White (transliteration) | razgublenastsʹ (bewilderment, confusion, crux, discomfiture, embarrassment). Additional references: White Ruthenian, Belarus, Poland, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Zhgabe | thelb (essence, core, pith, backbone, burden), pikë e vështirë (crux), kryqi i jugut (crux). Additional references: Zhgabe, Turkey (Europe), crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Zulu | gqikithi (bond, bonds, connection, connections, connexion). Additional references: Zulu, South Africa, Malawi, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Zunda | gqikithi (bond, bonds, connection, connections, connexion). Additional references: Zunda, South Africa, Malawi, crux. (volunteer & more translations) | |||
| Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations). | Top | |||
| Language | Translations for “crux” or closest synonym(s); back translations in parentheses. | |||
| Athag | crathagux (crux). Additional references: Athag, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Double Dutch | cragux (crux). Additional references: Double Dutch, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Esperanto | Suda Kruco (southern cross, Crux). Additional references: Esperanto, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Leet | ¢P\<>< (crux). Additional references: Leet, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Oppish | cropux (crux). Additional references: Oppish, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Pig Latin | uxcray (crux). Additional references: Pig Latin, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Terran A | lantoee (conundrum, crux), kyn'iaux ee koanthaau (crux), iawtiarm (core, crux, excerpt), krusha (cross, crux, pear), kathina bata (crux). Additional references: Terran A, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Terran B | Cantoe (crux). Additional references: Terran B, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Ubbi Dubbi | crubux (crux). Additional references: Ubbi Dubbi, crux. (volunteer) | |||
| Source: compiled by the editor. | Top | |||
| Language | Period | Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses) | ||
| Latin | 500 BCE - 1700 | crux criticorum (crux of critics), cross (crux Crucis). Additional references: Latin, crux. (volunteer) | ||
| Gaulish | 400 - 500 | osbo (node, knot, excrescence, hitch, outgrowth), obsi (node, knot, hitch, panel point, kink), bunda (soil, ground, background, bottom, floor). Additional references: Gaulish, crux. (volunteer) | ||
| Old French | 900 - 1400 | noiel (node, button, knot, pimple, knob). Additional references: Old French, crux. (volunteer) | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor. | Top | |||
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