Webster's Online Dictionary
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Date "CARBONARI" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1810. (references)

Specialty Definition: CARBONARI

DomainDefinition
LiteratureCarbonari means charcoal-burners, a name assumed by a secret political society in Italy (organised 1808-1814). Their place of muster they called a "hut;" its inside, "the place for selling charcoal;" and the outside, the "forest." Their political opponents they called "wolves." Their object was to convert the kingdom of Naples into a republic. In the singular number, Carbonaro. (See Charbonnerie.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
WikipedicThe Carbonari ("coalmen") were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th century Italy, and instrumental in organising revolution in Italy in 1820, 1830-1831 and 1848. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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