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Definition: Byzantium

Part of Speech Definition
Noun 1. An ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul; in 330 Constantine I rebuilt the city and called it Constantinople and made it his capital.[Wordnet]
2. A continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395.[Wordnet].

Source: WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

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Date "Byzantium" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

Specialty Definition: Byzantium

Domain Definition
Antiquities Byzantium (Buzantion). A celebrated city of Thrace, on the shore of the Thracian Bosporus, called at a later period Constantinopolis, and made the capital of the Eastern Empire of the Romans. It was founded by a Dorian colony from Megara, or, rather, by a Megarian colony in conjunction with a Thracian prince. For Byzas, whom the city acknowledged, and celebrated in a festival as its founder, was, according to the legend, a son of Poseidon and Ceroëssa the daughter of Io, and ruled over all the adjacent country. The early commerce of Megara was directed principally to the shores of the Propontis, and this people had founded Chalcedon seventeen years before Byzantium, and Selymbria even prior to Chalcedon (Herod. iv. 144). When, however, their trade was extended still farther to the north, and had reached the shores of the Euxine, the harbor of Chalcedon sank in importance, and a commercial station was required on the opposite side of the strait. This station was Byzantium. The appellation of “blind men” given to the Chalcedonians by the Persian general Megabazus (Herod. iv. 144), for having overlooked the superior site where Byzantium was afterwards founded, does not therefore appear to have been well merited. As long as Chalcedon was the northernmost point reached by the commerce of Megara, its situation was preferable to any offered by the opposite side of the Bosporus, because the current on this latter side runs down from the north more strongly than it does on the side of Chalcedon, and the harbor of this city, therefore, is more accessible to vessels coming from the south. On the other hand, Byzantium was far superior to Chalcedon for the northern trade, since the current that set in strongly from the Euxine carried vessels directly into the harbor of Byzantium, but prevented their approach to Chalcedon in a straight course (Polyb. iv. 43). The harbor of Byzantium was peculiarly favored by nature, being deep, capacious, and sheltered from every storm. From its shape, and the rich advantages thus connected with it, the harbor of Byzantium obtained the name of Chrysoceras, or “the Golden Horn,” which was also applied to the promontory or neck of land that contributed to form it. And yet, notwithstanding all these advantages, Byzantium remained for a long time an inconsiderable town. The declining commerce of Megara, and the character which Byzantium still sustained of being a half-barbarian place, may serve to account for this. At a subsequent period, the Milesians sent hither a strong colony, and so altered for the better the aspect of things that they are regarded by some ancient writers as the founders of the city itself. When, at a later day, the insurrection of the Asiatic Greeks had been crushed by Darius, and the Persian fleet was reducing to obedience the Greek cities along the Hellespont and the Propontis, the Byzantines, together with a body of Chalcedonians, would not wait for the coming of the Persians, but, leaving their habitations, and fleeing to the Euxine, built the city of Mesembria on the upper coast of Thrace (Herod. vi. 33). The Persians destroyed the empty city, and no Byzantium for some time thereafter existed. This will explain why Seylax, in his Periplus, passed by Byzantium in silence, while he mentions all the Grecian settlements in this quarter, and among them even Mesembria itself. Byzantium reappeared after the overthrow of Xerxes, some of the old inhabitants having probably returned; and here Pausanias, the commander of the Grecian forces, took up his quarters (B.C. 479). He gave the city a code of laws, and a government modeled, in some degree, after the Spartan form, and hence he was regarded by some as the true founder of the city. The Athenians succeeding to the hegemony, Byzantium fell under their control, and received so many important additions from them that Ammianus Marcellinus, in a later age, calls it an Attic colony (xxii. 8). The city, however, was a Doric one, in language, customs, and laws, and remained so even after the Athenians had the control of it. The maintenance of this military post became of great importance to the Greeks during their warfare with the Persians in subsequent years, and this circumstance, together with the advantages of a lucrative and now continually increasing commerce, gave Byzantium a high rank among Grecian cities. After Athens and Sparta had weakened the power of each other by national rivalry, and neither could lay claim to the empire of the sea, Byzantium became an independent city, and turned its whole attention to commerce. Its strong situation enabled it, at a subsequent period, to resist successfully the arms of Philip of Macedon; nor did Alexander, in his eagerness to march into Asia, make any attempt upon the place. It preserved also a neutral character under his successors. The great evil to which the city of Byzantium was exposed came from the inland country, the Thracian tribes continually making incursions into the fertile territory around the place, and carrying off more or less of the products of the fields. The city suffered severely also from the Gauls, being compelled to pay a yearly tribute amounting at least to eighty talents. After the departure of the Gauls it again became a flourishing place, but its most prosperous period was during the Roman sway. It had thrown itself into the arms of the Romans as early as the war against the younger Philip of Macedon, and enjoyed from that people not only complete protection, but also many valuable commercial privileges. It was allowed, more over, to lay a toll on all vessels passing through the straits--a thing which had been attempted before without success--and this toll it shared with the Romans. But the day of misfortune at length came. In the contest for the Empire between Severus and Niger, Byzantium declared for the latter, and stood a siege in consequence which continued long after Niger's overthrow and death. After three years of almost incredible exertions the place surrendered to Severus. The few remaining inhabitants whom famine had spared were sold as slaves, the city was razed to the ground, its territory given to Perinthus, and a small village took the place of the great commercial emporium. Repenting soon after of what he had done, Severus rebuilt Byzantium, and adorned it with numerous and splendid buildings, which in a later age still bore his name; but it never recovered its former rank until the days of Constantine. Constantine had no great affection for Rome as a city, nor had the inhabitants any great regard for him. He felt the necessity, moreover, of having the capital of the Empire in some more central quarter, from which the movements of the German tribes on the one hand, and those of the Persians on the other, might be observed. He long sought for such a locality, and believed at one time that he had found it in the neighborhood of the Sigaean promontory, on the coast of Troas. He had even commenced building here when the superior advantages of Byzantium as a center of empire attracted his attention, and he finally resolved to make this the capital of the Roman world. For a monarchy possessing the western portion of Asia and the largest part of Europe, together with the whole coast of the Mediterranean Sea, nature herself seemed to have destined Byzantium as a capital. Constantine's plan was carried into rapid execution (A.D. 330). The ancient city had possessed a circuit of forty stadia, and covered merely two hills, one close to the water, on which the Seraglio at present stands, and another adjoining it, and extending towards the interior to what is now the Besestan, or great market. The new city, called Constantinopolis, or “City of Constantine,” was three times as large, and covered four hills, together with part of a fifth, having a circuit of somewhat less than fourteen geo graphical miles. Every effort was made to embellish this new capital of the Roman world: the most splendid edifices were erected, including an imperial palace, numerous residences for the chief officers of the court, churches, baths, a hippodrome; and inhabitants were procured from every quarter. Its rapid increase called, from time to time, for a corresponding enlargement of the city, until, in the reign of Theodosius II., when the new walls were erected (the previous ones having been thrown down by an earthquake), Constantinople attained to the size which it at present has. Chalcondylas supposes the walls of the city to be 111 stadia in circumference; Gyllius, about 13 Italian miles; but, according to the best modern plans of Constantinople, it is not less than 19,700 yards. The number of gates is twenty-eight--fourteen on the side of the port, seven towards the land, and as many on the Propontis. The city is built on a triangular promontory, and the number of hills which it covers is seven. Besides the name of Constantinopolis (Kônstantinou polis), this city had also the more imposing one of New Rome (Nea Rhômê), which, however, gradually fell into disuse. According to some, the peasants in the neighborhood, while they repair to Constantinople, say in corrupt Greek that they are going es tam bolin (i.e. es tan polin), “to the city,” whence has arisen the Turkish name of the place, Stamboul. Constantinople was taken by the Turks under Mohammed II. on the 29th of May, A.D. 1453. See Byzantinum Imperium; Constantinus. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Common Expressions: Byzantium

Expressions Definition
Anna of Byzantium Anna of Byzantium was a Byzantine noblewoman (+ after 1219), the Princess of Galicia ca 1200 - 1205, and the Grand Princess of Kiev 1203 - 1205. (references)
Anna of Byzantium (novel) Anna of Byzantium is a historical novel by Tracy Barrett originally published in 1999. The novel places Anna Comnena in the convent where she was exiled by her brother and Byzantine emperor John II after her failed attempt to poison him. Anna relates how she was groomed to be the Byzantine empress from birth and how her grandmother, her father Alexius' most trusted advisor, persuaded him to remove Anna from the imperial succession. Anna and her mother the Empress Irene unite to ensure that John, Alexius' son, will not rule as the puppet of his grandmother. Upon receiving the throne, John proves he will be manipulated by no one; instead of death, John chooses to exile Anna and Irene. (references)
Aristophanes of Byzantium Aristophanes of Byzantium, Gr. Ἀριστοφάνης (Byzantium, 257-Alexandria, 180 BC) was a significant Greek scholar. He was Head librarian of the Library of Alexandria. He created the accent system used in Greek to designate pronunciation, as the tonal, pitched system of archaic and classical Greek had given way to the stress-based system of Koine in an earlier period (or was still ongoing). (references)
Hero of Byzantium Hero of Byzantium is believed to be the literary pseudonym of an otherwise anonymous Byzantine author of a poliorketikon, an illustrated manual of siegecraft, dating from circa 950. He is also credited with the Geodaesia, a work in practical geometry and ballistics which makes use of locations around Constantinople to illustrate its points. (references)
Philo of Byzantium Philo of Byzantium, Greek writer on mechanics, flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. (according to some, a century earlier). He was the author of a large work of which the fourth and fifth books are extant to some degree, which detail missiles, the construction of fortresses, provisioning, attack and defence (ed. R. Schone, 1893, with German translation in H. Kochly's Griechische Kriegs-schriftstelle/, vol. i. 1853; E. A. Rochas d'Aiglun, Poliorcetique des Grecs, 1872). Another portion of the work, on pneumatic engines, has been preserved in the form of a Latin translation (De ingeniis spiritualibus) made from an Arabic version (ed. W. Schmidt, with German translation, in the works of Heron of Alexandria, vol. i., in " Teubner Series," 1899; with French translation by Rochas, La Science des philosophes . . . dans rantiquUe, 1882). (references)
The Knights of Byzantium (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) The Knights of Byzantium are characters from the 5th season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Although they are enemies of season's "Big Bad", Glory, they come into conflict with Buffy and her friends when they try to kill Buffy's sister, Dawn, to keep her from falling into Glory's hands. (references)
Theodotus of Byzantium Theodotus of Byzantium (also known as Theodotus the Tanner) (fl. late 2nd century) was an early Christian theologian from Byzantium, one of several named Theodotus whose writings were condemned as heresy in the early church. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: Byzantium

Byzantium

This article is about the city. For the state see Byzantine Empire.

Byzantium (Greek: Βυζάντιον, Latin: BYZANTIVM, Byzantium) was an ancient Greek city, which was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Βύζας or Βύζαντας in Greek). The name "Byzantium" is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion. The city is what later evolved to be the center of the Byzantine Empire (the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages) under the name of Constantinople. Constantinople fell to the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1453. The name of the city was changed to Istanbul in 1930 following the establishment of modern Turkey.

History

The origins of Byzantium are shrouded in legend. The traditional legend has it that Byzas from Megara (a town near Athens), founded Byzantium, when he sailed northeast across the Aegean Sea. Byzas had consulted the Oracle at Delphi to ask where to make his new city. The Oracle told him to find it "opposite the blind." At the time, he did not know what this meant. But when he came upon the Bosporus he realized what it meant: on the north shore was a Greek city, Chalcedon. However, according to legend, they had not noticed the land that lay a half-mile away. Byzas founded his city here on the Asiatic coast and named it Byzantion after himself. It was mainly a trading city due to its strategic location at the Black Sea's only entrance. Byzantion later conquered Chalcedon, across the Bosporus on the European side.

After siding with Pescennius Niger against the victorious Septimius Severus, the city was besieged by Roman forces and suffered extensive damage in 196 AD. Byzantium was rebuilt by Septimius Severus, now emperor, and quickly regained its previous prosperity. The location of Byzantium attracted Roman Emperor Constantine I who, in 330 AD, refounded it as Nova Roma. After his death the city was called Constantinople (Greek Κωνσταντινούπολις or Konstantinoupolis) ('city of Constantine'). It remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which was later called the Byzantine Empire by historians.

This combination of imperialism and location would affect Constantinople's role as the crossing point between two continents: Europe and Asia. It was a commercial, cultural, and diplomatic magnet. With its strategic position, Constantinople could control the route between Asia and Europe, as well as the passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea.

On May 29, 1453, the city fell to the Ottoman Turks, and, once again, became the capital of another powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city Istanbul (though not officially renamed until 1930) and it has remained Turkey's largest (and arguably its most important) city, although Ankara is now the capital.

Emblem

Byzantium first produced coins with the crescent and star symbol in the 4th century BC. According to legend, this was to honour the moon-goddess Hecate, who the inhabitants believed had saved the city from attack by Philip II of Macedon in 340-339 BC.[1][2] In 330 AD Constantine I added the Virgin Mary's star to the flag. Byzantium would then also be the first attested nation or empire to use the combination of the crescent moon and star together as an emblem.[citation needed]

The crescent moon and star was not completely abandoned by the Christian world after the fall of Constantinople. To date the official flag of the Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem is a labarum of white, a church building with two towers, and on either side of the arms, at the top, are the outline in black of a crescent moon facing center and a star with rays.[citation needed]

Notable people

  • Homerus, early 3rd century BC, tragedian
  • Philo (ca. 280 BC-ca. 220 BC), engineer
  • Epigenes of Byzantium (3rd century BC-2nd), astrologer

See also

  • Constantinople details the history of the city before the Turkish conquest of 1453.
  • Istanbul details the history of the city from 1453 on, and describes the modern city.

Notes

  1. The Complete Dictionary of Symbols by Jack Tresidder (Chronicle Books, 2005) p.127)

References

  • The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford University Press, 1991) ISBN 0195046528

External links

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Byzantium". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: Byzantium

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
Byzantium under the Heraclians 102     Anna of Byzantium 7
Byzantium under the Palaiologoi 99     Anna of Byzantium (novel) 5
Byzantium under the Angeloi 67     Aristophanes of Byzantium 8
Byzantium under the Komnenoi 65     Athenodorus of Byzantium 3
Byzantium under the Macedonians 20     Byzantium 9
Sailing to Byzantium 18     Byzantium after Byzantium 2
Knights of Byzantium 16     Byzantium Endures 6
Byzantium under the Isaurians 13     Byzantium under the Angeloi 67
Byzantium 9     Byzantium under the Heraclians 102
Theodorus of Byzantium 8     Byzantium under the Isaurians 13
Philo of Byzantium 8     Byzantium under the Komnenoi 65
Aristophanes of Byzantium 8     Byzantium under the Macedonians 20
Anna of Byzantium 7     Byzantium under the Palaiologoi 99
Stephanus of Byzantium 7     Dionysius of Byzantium 3
Byzantium Endures 6     Evening in Byzantium 5
Anna of Byzantium (novel) 5     Faustus of Byzantium 2
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 5     Hero of Byzantium 4
Evening in Byzantium 5     Homerus of Byzantium 3
Hero of Byzantium 4     Knights of Byzantium 16
Metrophanes of Byzantium 4     Metrophanes of Byzantium 4
Pertinax of Byzantium 4     Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 5
Plutarch of Byzantium 3     Pertinax of Byzantium 4
Athenodorus of Byzantium 3     Philo of Byzantium 8
Dionysius of Byzantium 3     Plutarch of Byzantium 3
Homerus of Byzantium 3     Polycarpus I of Byzantium 3
Python of Byzantium 3     Python of Byzantium 3
Sedecion of Byzantium 3     Sailing to Byzantium 18
Theodotus of Byzantium 3     Sedecion of Byzantium 3
Polycarpus I of Byzantium 3     Stephanus of Byzantium 7
Byzantium after Byzantium 2     Theodorus of Byzantium 8
Faustus of Byzantium 2     Theodotus of Byzantium 3

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).

Synonyms: Byzantium
Position Synonyms (sorted by strength)

Expression

 Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire.
Source: Eve, based on meta analysis. Top

Computed Synonyms: Byzantium

 Rank

 Intensity 

 Word

 Synonyms

 Synonyms of synonym

 1   2.0797   Byzantium     Byzantine     Byzantinesque, involute, complex, involved, convoluted   
 2   1.0093   Byzantium     Istanbul     Constantinople, isthmus   
 3   1.0089   Byzantium     Constantinople     Istanbul   
Source: calculated by Eve using graph theory. "Intensity" is a score indicating the number of overlapping cliques where the word pair is found (an integer before the decimal); the first digit after the decimal is the number of overlapping terminal characters up to 9; the second characters is number of leading common characters up to 9; the last two digits measure the Levenshtein distance subtracted from 100. Top

Translations: Byzantium

Language Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Al Arabiya بِيزَنْطَة (Byzantium ( not classified )). Additional references: Al Arabiya, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Al Fus-Ha بِيزَنْطَة (Byzantium ( not classified )). Additional references: Al Fus-Ha, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Arabic بِيزَنْطَة (Byzantium ( not classified )). Additional references: Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Bahasa Indonesia Bizantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Bahasa Indonesia, Indonesia, Java, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Bohemian Byzanc (Byzantium), Bizant (Byzance, Byzantines, byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium), Byzance (Byzantium). Additional references: Bohemian, Czech Republic, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Central Danish Byzans (Byzantium). Additional references: Central Danish, Denmark, Germany, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Cestina Byzanc (Byzantium), Bizant (Byzance, Byzantines, byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium), Byzance (Byzantium). Additional references: Cestina, Czech Republic, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Simplified 拜占庭 (Byzantine, Byzantium). Additional references: Chinese Simplified, China, Brunei, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Traditional 拜占庭 (Byzantium). Additional references: Chinese Traditional, China, Brunei, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Czech Byzanc (Byzantium), Bizant (Byzance, Byzantines, byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium), Byzance (Byzantium). Additional references: Czech, Czech Republic, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Danish Byzans (Byzantium). Additional references: Danish, Denmark, Germany, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Dansk Byzans (Byzantium). Additional references: Dansk, Denmark, Germany, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Deutsch Byzanz (Byzantium), Byzantium (Byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Dutch Byzantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Finnish Bysantti (Byzantium). Additional references: Finnish, Finland, Russia (Europe), Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Français Byzance (Byzantium). Additional references: Français, France, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
French Byzance (Byzantium). Additional references: French, France, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Gaelg Baisantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Gaelg, United Kingdom, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Gailck Baisantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Gailck, United Kingdom, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
German Byzanz (Byzantium), Byzantium (Byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Greek βυζάντιο (Byzantium). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Greek (transliteration) vizandio (Byzantium). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguk Mal 지금의이스탄불 (byzantium), 비잔티움 (Byzantium), 비잔티온 (Byzantium). Additional references: Hanguk Mal, Korea, South, Korea, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguohua 지금의이스탄불 (byzantium), 비잔티움 (Byzantium), 비잔티온 (Byzantium). Additional references: Hanguohua, Korea, South, Korea, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Hebrew קיסרות רומי המזרחית (Byzantine, Byzantium), בִּיזַנְטְיוֹן (Byzantine, Byzantium). Additional references: Hebrew, Israel, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
High Arabic بِيزَنْطَة (Byzantium ( not classified )). Additional references: High Arabic, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
High German Byzanz (Byzantium), Byzantium (Byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Hochdeutsch Byzanz (Byzantium), Byzantium (Byzantium), Byzantion (Byzantium). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Hungarian bizánc (Byzantium). Additional references: Hungarian, Hungary, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Indonesian Bizantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Indonesian, Indonesia, Java, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Italian Bisanzio (Byzantium). Additional references: Italian, Italy, Croatia, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Ivrit קיסרות רומי המזרחית (Byzantine, Byzantium), בִּיזַנְטְיוֹן (Byzantine, Byzantium). Additional references: Ivrit, Israel, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Japanese ビザンチウム (Byzantium), ビザンティウム (Byzantium), ビュザンティオン (Byzantium), コンスタンチノープル (Constantinople, Byzantium), イスタンブール (Istanbul, Byzantium). Additional references: Japanese, Japan, Taiwan, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Korean 지금의이스탄불 (byzantium), 비잔티움 (Byzantium), 비잔티온 (Byzantium). Additional references: Korean, Korea, South, Korea, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Magyar bizánc (Byzantium). Additional references: Magyar, Hungary, Austria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Manx Baisantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Manx, United Kingdom, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Manx Gaelic Baisantium (Byzantium). Additional references: Manx Gaelic, United Kingdom, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Portuguese Bisâncio (byzantium). Additional references: Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Ruotsi bysans (Byzantium). Additional references: Ruotsi, Sweden, Finland, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Russian Византия (Byzantium, lower empire). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Russian (transliteration) vizantiya (Byzantium, lower empire). Additional references: Russian, Russia, China, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Russki Византия (Byzantium, lower empire). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Russki (transliteration) vizantiya (Byzantium, lower empire). Additional references: Russki, Russia, China, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Sjaelland Byzans (Byzantium). Additional references: Sjaelland, Denmark, Germany, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovak Byzantion (Byzantium), Byzancia (Byzantium). Additional references: Slovak, Slovakia, Hungary, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovakian Byzantion (Byzantium), Byzancia (Byzantium). Additional references: Slovakian, Slovakia, Hungary, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Spanish Bizancio (Byzantium). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomea Bysantti (Byzantium). Additional references: Suomea, Finland, Russia (Europe), Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomi Bysantti (Byzantium). Additional references: Suomi, Finland, Russia (Europe), Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Svenska bysans (Byzantium). Additional references: Svenska, Sweden, Finland, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Swedish bysans (Byzantium). Additional references: Swedish, Sweden, Finland, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Turkish bizans (byzantine, Byzantium). Additional references: Turkish, Turkey, Bulgaria, Byzantium. (volunteer & more translations)
Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations). Top

Constructed Language Translations: Byzantium

Language Translations for “Byzantium” or closest synonym(s); back translations in parentheses.
Athag Byathagzathagantathagiathagum (Byzantium). Additional references: Athag, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Double Dutch Byagzagantagiagum (Byzantium). Additional references: Double Dutch, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Esperanto Bizanco (Byzantium). Additional references: Esperanto, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Leet |>y~\_4-|-!|_||\/| (Byzantium). Additional references: Leet, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Oppish Byopzopantopiopum (Byzantium). Additional references: Oppish, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Pig Latin Yzantiumbay (Byzantium). Additional references: Pig Latin, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Slovio Bizantia (Byzantium). Additional references: Slovio, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Terran A bizantia (byzantium). Additional references: Terran A, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Terran B Byiantio (Byzantium). Additional references: Terran B, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Ubbi Dubbi Byubzubantubiubum (Byzantium). Additional references: Ubbi Dubbi, Byzantium. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top