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Definition: Artocarpus

Part of Speech Definition
Noun 1. Evergreen Asiatic trees now grown through the tropics: breadfruit; jackfruit.[Wordnet].

Source: WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

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"Artocarpus" is a common misspelling or typo for: artocarpous.

Date "Artocarpus" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1870. (references)

Common Expressions: Artocarpus

Expressions Definition
Artocarpus altilis Native to Pacific islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Artocarpus communis Native to Pacific islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Artocarpus heterophyllus East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Artocarpus odoratissima Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Genus Artocarpus Evergreen Asiatic trees now grown through the tropics: breadfruit; jackfruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Expressions: Artocarpus

Expressions Domain Definition
Artocarpus altilis Botanical 1: Breadfruits, the main cargo of the H. M. S. Bounty, are still cultivated in Panama. The seeded varieties are capable of natural regeneration (!). Breadfruits of good quality rarely produce seeds and the fruits are eaten, picked before they are ripe, while the pulp is still white and mealy. They are baked, boiled or sliced and "french-fried". Occasionally they may be eaten raw. For storage, it is best to bake or roast, then slice and sun-dry. In some Pacific Islands, they are fermented to form a malodorous paste baked into cakes. Seeds of the seeded varieties are boiled or roasted like chestnuts by the Darien Negroes (!). A fiber can be obtained from the bark and the latex is used for caulking boats. The leaves may be fed to livestock. (references)
    2: "Breadfruit" "'ulu" (references)
Artocarpus integrifolia Botanical The jackfruit or jaca has dozens of sectors, each with one seed, surrounded by a yellow, pulpy mass with a strong odor. The pulp is eaten raw or cooked; or may be fermented to yield an alcoholic beverage with a strong odor and peculiar flavor. The seeds are usually more palatable to the Yankee than the fruits and when roasted have the flavor of chestnuts. Seeds are often ground into flour, each fruit yielding more than a pound of flour. Unripe fruits may be cut up and cooked in stews and soups. Flowering shoots and very young fruits of the jackfruit are also eaten in salads and spicy stews. Young flower clusters are eaten with syrup and agar-agar in java. A milky juice especially prevalent in the fruits, may be used as birdlime to ensnare birds. The juice also is used as a cement. In the Philippines, slices of the ripe fruit are placed in beds to discourage bedbugs. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: Artocarpus

Artocarpus

Artocarpus
Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis)
Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Artocarpus
J.R.Forster & G.Forster
Species
See text

Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae.

This genus is closely related to and rather difficult to distinguish from the genus Ficus.

They are all laticiferous trees and a few shrubs, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.

The trees are monoecious, with unisexual flowers, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous fruit, which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated leaves vary from small and entire (Artocarpus integer) to large and lobed (Artocarpus communis). The cordate leaves of Artocarpus communis end in a long, sharp tip.

Several species in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: Artocarpus communis (Breadfruit), Artocarpus integer (Cempedak), Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) and Artocarpus odoratissimus (Marang). In the most recent revision of Artocarpus, the highly variable species Artocarpus communis contains the following three species of breadfruit : Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus mariannensis and Artocarpus camansi.

The name 'Artocarpus' is derived from the Greek words 'artos' ( = bread) and 'karpos' ( = fruit). This name was established by Johann Reinhold Forster and J. Georg Adam Forster, the father and son team of botanist aboard the HMS Resolution on James Cook's second voyage.

Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical SE Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.

Species

Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules, indicates that there are at least two subgenera in Artocarpus :

  • subgenus Artocarpus : perianth of fruit is partially connate
  • subgenus Pseudojaca : perianth entirely connate.

The genus Prainea is closely allied to the subgenus Pseudojaca, and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of Artocarpus. The following list still follows the traditional line.

Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus)
Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus)
  • Artocarpus altilis - (included in A. communis)
  • Artocarpus camansi - (included in A. communis)
  • Artocarpus chaplasha - Chaplaish Bangladesh
  • Artocarpus communis - Breadfruit, Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also African Breadfruit)
  • Artocarpus elasticus - Bendo
  • Artocarpus heterophyllus - Nangka, Jackfruit
  • Artocarpus hirsutus - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
  • Artocarpus integer - Cempedak
  • Artocarpus lingnanensis
  • Artocarpus mariannensis - (included in A. communis)
  • Artocarpus nitidus - Jackfruit
  • Artocarpus odoratissimus - Marang
  • Artocarpus rigidus - Monkey Jack
  • Artocarpus tamaran

References

  • Possible subgenera of Artocarpus
  • Nyree Conrad Zerega- Dissertation Topic : Phylogeny of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), with a focus on the systematics, genetics, conservation, and biogeography of breadfruit
  • Zerega, NJC and TJ Motley. 2001. Artocarpus (Moraceae) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Presented at the Botanical Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 12 – 16, 2001.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Artocarpus". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: Artocarpus

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
Artocarpus 8     Artocarpus 8
Artocarpus treculianus 4     Artocarpus blancoi 4
Artocarpus rubrovenus 4     Artocarpus hypargyreus 4
Artocarpus hypargyreus 4     Artocarpus nobilis 4
Artocarpus blancoi 4     Artocarpus rubrovenus 4
Artocarpus nobilis 4     Artocarpus treculianus 4

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).