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Definition: Annona

Part of Speech Definition
Noun 1. Type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs.[Wordnet].

Source: WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

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"Annona" is a common misspelling or typo for: annonas.

Date "Annona" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1584. (references)

Specialty Definition: Annona

Domain Definition
Noah Webster [Noun] The custard apple, a genus of several species, one of which, the papaw, is common in the southern and western parts of the United States. [See Papaw.]. Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary.
Wikipedic Annona is the type genus of the plant family Annonaceae. This large genus comprises about 100-150 species of mostly Neotropical trees and shrubs with alternate, simple, leathery leaves and most of which have edible fruit. In the family Annonaceae, only Guatteria has more species. A few species are found in Africa, but none in Asia. The name derives from the Ta�no annon. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Common Expressions: Annona

Expressions Definition
Annona (goddess) Annona (from Latin annus, year), in Roman mythology, is the personification of the produce of the year. She is represented in works of art, often together with Ceres, with a cornucopia (horn of plenty) in her arm, and a ship's prow in the background, indicating the transport of grain over the sea. (references)
Annona cherimola Small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong fruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Annona diversifolia Tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Annona glabra Small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Annona muricata Small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Annona reticulata Small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Annona squamosa Tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
Genus Annona Type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs. Source: Wordnet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Expressions: Annona

Expressions Domain Definition
Annona cherimolia Botanical Once classified as one of the three best tropical fruits, they take from five or more years to bear fruit. (references)
Annona glabra Botanical The fruits are edible, raw or preserved. Light wood, especially of the roots, is used for cork and floats. (references)
Annona muricata Botanical The edible ripe fruits, a good source of vitamins B and C and phosphorus, are made into jellies, preserves, and a delicious beverage (!). Some people chew them up and expectorate the pulp in soups. The seeds are insecticidal and piscicidal. A leaf decoction is used to expel head lice. The leaves are made into a tea consumed by the Negroes of Darien and Puerto Obaldia. The flowers and leaves are used in the Truando sector to combat kidney problems. (references)
Annona purpurea Botanical The fruits, with the flavor of pawpaw, are believed by some Indians to induce fever. Darien Negroes insert leaves in their beds to keep spirits of the dead from molesting them. (references)
Annona reticulata Botanical The fruits are edible; attract turtles and fish when they fall into swamps. The roots are used against epilepsy. The bark is tonic and astringent. (references)
Annona squamosa Botanical The edible fruits are applied to contusions as a cataplasm. The leaves serve as a barbasco, as a poultice to heal ulcers and boils, and to kill lice and extract guinea worms. Crushed leaves, applied to a fainted person's nostrils, are said to hasten revival. On the other hand, in Colombia, leaves are placed under children's pillows so they will sleep better (!). The seeds are insecticidal, and said to kill lice. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Extended Definition: Annona

Annona

Annona
Pond-apple (Annona glabra)
Pond-apple (Annona glabra)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Annona
L.[1]
Species

Some 100-150, see text.

Synonyms

Guanabanus Mill.
Raimondia Saff.
Rollinia A. St.-Hil.
Rolliniopsis Saff.[2]

For other meanings, see Annona .

Annona is the second largest genus, after Guatteria, in the plant family Annonaceae[3], containing approximately 110 species of mostly Neotropical and Afrotropical trees and shrubs. [4] The name derives from the Taíno annon[4]. Paleoethnobotanical studies have dated Annona exploitation and cultivation in the Yautepec River region of Mexico to approximately 1000 BC.[5]

Currently, seven Annona species and one hybrid are grown for domestic or commercial use mostly for the edible and nutritious fruits.[6] Many of the species are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Several annonacaeous species have been found to contain acetogenins, a class of natural compounds with a wide variety of biological activities.[7][8]

Description

Taprooted evergreen or semi-deciduous tropical trees or shrubs.[4]

Trunks
Thin bark that has broad and shallow depression or fissures which join together and are scaly. Slender, stiff, cylindrical and tapering shoots with raised pores and naked buds.[4]
Leaves
Leaf blades can be leathery or thin and rather soft or pliable, bald or hairy.[4]
Flowers
The flowering stalks rise from an axil, or occasionally from axillary buds on main stem or older stems, or as solitary flowers or small bundle of flowers. Usually three or four deciduous sepals that are smaller than the outer petals that do not overlap while in bud. Six to eight fleshy petals in two whorls -- the petals of the outer whorl are larger and do not overlap; inner petals are ascending, distinctively smaller and nectar glands are darker pigmented. Numerous stamens that are ball, club-shaped, or curved and hooded or pointed beyond anther sac. Numerous pistils, attached directly to the base, partially united to various degrees with distinct stigmas. One or two ovules per pistil; style and stigma club-shaped or narrowly conic.[4]
Fruits
One fleshy, ovate to spherical fruit per flower. Each fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or syncarps; one syncarp and seed per pistil. Seeds beanlike with tough coats.[4]
Pollination
Dynastid scarab beetles appears basic within the genus Annona. Those species of Annona which are more morphologically derived, as well as all Rollinia spp. possess reduced floral chambers and attract small beetles like Nitidulidae or Staphylinidae.[9]

Images

Atemoya (a hybrid of A. cherimola and A. squamosa)

Cherimoya plantation

Brazilian guanábana

Sugar apples

Selected species

The following is a list of some of the more important species. Many of them have significant agricultural, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and other uses. Synonyms appear in the sub-list.[10]

Insects and diseases

Annona are generally disease free. They are susceptible to some fungus and wilt. Ants are a problem since they promote mealy bugs on the fruit.[11]

Insects
Fungi
Nematodes
Algae
Diseases
  • Diplodia natalensis (Dry fruit rot)
  • Fruit rot[12]

References

  1. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "PLANTS Profile, Annona L." (HTML). The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
  2. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1996-09-17). "Genus: Annona L." (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
  3. Annona (TSN 18095). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 2008-04-16 1999.
  4. a b c d e f g Flora of North America. 1. Annona Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 241, 1754. 3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101891. Retrieved on 20 April 2008. 
  5. Warrington, Ian J. Warrington. "Annonaceae" (HTML). Apples: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing. ISBN 0851995926. http://books.google.com/books?id=AxbUJntXepEC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&source=web&ots=huvTs57P4I&sig=1AECuDjdwZa8qHmb-hEY-69PwzE&hl=en#PPA74,M1. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 
  6. University of Southampton (March 2002). "Factsheet No. 5. Annona" (PDF). Fruits for the Future. Department for International Development, International Centre for Underutilised Crops. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
  7. Pilar Rauter, Amélia; A. F. Dos Santos and A. E. G. Santana (2002). "Toxicity of Some species of Annona Toward Artemia Salina Leach and Biomphalaria Glabrata Say" (HTML). Natural Products in the New Millennium: Prospects and Industrial Application. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 540 pages. ISBN 1402010478. http://books.google.com/books?id=4rrC7c_6OUoC&pg=PA264&lpg=PA264&source=web&ots=GVwQsxA_oK&sig=9U5mL2oGo14l_K6XnC8wb8k1a_M&hl=en. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 
  8. Esposti, M Degli; A Ghelli, M Ratta, D Cortes, and E Estornell (1994-07-01). "Natural substances (acetogenins) from the family Annonaceae are powerful inhibitors of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)". The Biochemical Journal (The Biochemical Society) 301 (1): 161–167. 1137156. PMID 8037664. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1137156. Retrieved on 20 April 2008. 
  9. Gottsberger, Gerhard (28 April 1988). "Comments on flower evolution and beetle pollination in the genera Annona and Rollinia (Annonaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution (Springer Science+Business Media) 167 (3-4): 189–194. doi:10.1007/BF00936405. http://www.springerlink.com/content/u03w164g12876313/. Retrieved on 20 April 2008. 
  10. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). "GRIN Species Records of Annona" (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
  11. a b Robert Vieth, Master Gardener. "Cherimoya" (HTML). Minor subtropicals. Ventura County Cooperative Extension. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
  12. a b c Jorge Pena and Freddie Johnson (October 1993). "Insect Pests of Annona Crops" (PDF). Other Fruits With Insecticides Known to Have Labels for Use. Department of Entomology, University of Florida. Retrieved on 2008-04-19.
  13. Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Ian Maguire (April 1994). "Sugar Apple Growing in the Florida Home Landscape" (HTML). Fact Sheet HS38. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved on 2008-04-19.
  14. a b c d Bridg, Hannia (2001-05-03). "Micropropagation and Determination of the in vitro Stability of Annona cherimola Mill. and Annona muricata L." (HTML). Zertifizierter Dokumentenserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.

External links

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Annona". Image Credit.
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Topics by Level of Interest: Annona

Topics sorted by level of Interest Level (1=low, 600=high)     Topics sorted Alphabetically Level (1=low, 600=high)
Annona 41     Annona 41
Annona montana 13     Annona (alternative meanings) 3
Annona coriacea 5     Annona (goddess) 3
Annona purpurea 4     Annona asplundiana 4
Annona hystricoides 4     Annona atabapensis 4
Annona ecuadorensis 4     Annona cacans 4
Annona manabiensis 4     Annona conica 4
Annona jamaicensis 4     Annona coriacea 5
Annona cacans 4     Annona cristalensis 4
Annona conica 4     Annona deceptrix 4
Annona trunciflora 4     Annona deminuta 4
Annona deceptrix 4     Annona dolichophylla 4
Annona oligocarpa 4     Annona ecuadorensis 4
Annona praetermissa 4     Annona ekmanii 4
Annona spraguei 4     Annona hystricoides 4
Annona dolichophylla 4     Annona jamaicensis 4
Annona cristalensis 4     Annona manabiensis 4
Annona atabapensis 4     Annona montana 13
Annona asplundiana 4     Annona oligocarpa 4
Annona deminuta 4     Annona praetermissa 4
Annona ekmanii 4     Annona purpurea 4
Annona (alternative meanings) 3     Annona spraguei 4
Annona (goddess) 3     Annona trunciflora 4

Source: the editor, created by/for EVE to gauge likely levels of human interest in linguistically triggered topics (compiled across various sources, such as Wikipedia and specialty expression glosses).

Translations: Annona

Language Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Spanish anona (annona, annonas, custard apple, Year's produce, anon TIS). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, annona. (volunteer & more translations)
Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations). Top

Constructed Language Translations: Annona

Language Translations for “annona” or closest synonym(s); back translations in parentheses.
Pig Latin annonaway (annona). Additional references: Pig Latin, annona. (volunteer)
Terran B anona (annona). Additional references: Terran B, annona. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top

Ancestral and Extinct Language Translations: Annona

Language Period Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Latin 500 BCE - 1700 Annona palustris (alligator apple, annona, apple of discord, apple pie, apple sauce), Annona glabra (alligator apple, annona, apple of discord, apple pie, apple sauce). Additional references: Latin, annona. (volunteer)
Source: compiled by the editor. Top