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Definition: Value |
ValueNoun1. A numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds". 2. The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable; "the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world". 3. The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; "he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices". 4. Relative darkness or lightness of a color: "I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three values--dark, medium...and light"-Joe Hing Lowe. 5. (music) the relative duration of a musical note. 6. An ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values". Verb1. Fix or determine the value of; assign a value to, as of jewelry or art work. 2. Hold dear; "I prize these old photographs". 3. Regard highly; think much of. 4. Place a value on; judge the worth of something; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional". 5. Estimate the value of something. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "value" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Value \Val"ue\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Valued; Valuing.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Value brightness. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Census | Value is the respondent's estimate of how much the property (house and lot, mobile home and lot, or condominium unit) would sell for if it were for sale. (references) |
Economics | Maximum price that a decision-maker would pay to obtain a good. It is generally a function of the quantity of this good already possessed or already consumed. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | A value, at a given instant, of a time-dependent variable quantity. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | The monetary worth of property, goods or services. See fair market value, fair value, and net realizable value. (references) |
Mathematics | The quantitative determination of a quantity expressible as the product of a number and a unit of measurement. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | The valuable constituents of an ore; their percentage in an orebody, or assay grade; their quantity in an orebody, or assay value.See also:assay grade; assay value; unit value. (references) |
Religion & Philosophy | Abstract, generalised principle of behaviour to which the members of a group feel a strong commitment and which provides a standard for judging specific acts and goals. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Note: This page combines the content of the two former articles on 'Value Theory' and 'Goodness' which had similar subject matter.A definition of goodness would be valuable because it might allow one to construct a good life or society by reliable processes of deduction, elaboration or prioritisation. One could answer the ancient question, "How then should we live?"
Philosophers over the ages have worked hard on this question, in parallel with non-philosophers work to reach an answer. It is now (perhaps more than previously) recognised that academic approaches to the question are apparently inconclusive. But people (incorrigibly, some philosophers may say) take the clear view that goodness exists, and they spend a good part of their waking life pursuing it in the form they see as correct, occasionally having their views on goodness amended under the influence of others.
Philosophical approaches are thus separate from the answers which most of us live out in the decisions we make about leading our everyday lives, and what we pursue as good:
This article is about philosophical and academic approaches to a definition of goodness. Chiefly, it considers Western philosophical approaches but other viewpoints will be mentioned where relevant. (Those with an interest in and knowledge e.g. Eastern philosophy are welcome to edit and contribute as they see fit.)
- Goodness, Miss West, what wonderful diamonds!
- Goodness had nothing to do with it, honey!
Sadly, known definitions are meaningless, circular, or long lists of cultural values.
Moral versus other goods
There's an important difference between the words "morally good" as applied to persons and actions , as when we say that Mary's a morally good person and her honesty is good, and "good" in other senses, as when we say that a banana split is good. So what is really worthwhile? What is really desirable? That is the important question which has concerned philosophers and politicians down through the centuries, and they have usually focussed on the sense of "morally good", as applied to persons and actions.
Kant: Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives.
Kant's (1724-1804) thinking was influential in Moral Philosophy. He pursued the idea of moral value as a unique and universally identifiable property. He showed that many practical goods are good only in states-of-affairs described by a sentence containing an "if" clause. Further, the "if" clause often described the category in which the judgment was made (Art,science, etc.). Kant described these as "hypothetical goods," and tried to find a "categorical" good that would operate across all categories of judgment.
An influential result of Kant's search was the idea of a good will as being the only good in itself.
He saw a good will as acting in accordance with a moral command, the "Categorical Imperative": "Act according to those maxims that you could will to be universal law." From this, and a few other axioms, Kant developed a moral system that would apply to any "praiseworthy person." (See Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, third section, [446]-[447].)
It's clear that any general definition of goodness must define goods that are categorical in the sense that Kant intended.
Goodness as a property
One problem is that 'goodness' seems not to be definable, and therefore it is sometimes thought not to be a real property of the world.
Attempted definitions of goodness fail in known ways. Definitions generally either describe traits or properties of a real object or set of objects, or divide the concept into other, subsidiary concepts. Both approaches have failed to define goodness. Either the definition provided is circular, or we are left without any substantial or meaningful definition at all.
As a result, philosophers have tried desperate expedients to get some of the value that such a definition would provide.
Problems with definitions using traits or properties:
Most philosophers find that the traits or properties that would justify calling a thing good are different for different categories of judgment. For example, the criteria by which we judge art to be good are different from those by which we judge people to be good. A famous early discussion of this problem is by Aristotle, in his Nicomachean Ethics (at 1096a5).
Many judgments of goodness translate to prices, but this appears to be a summary or effect of judgment, not a cause. For example, a piece of art found in an attic may be sold for the price of a meal. A collector may then recognise it as a lost work of a famous artist, and sell it for more than the price of a house. The price changed because the collector had better judgment than the owner who kept it in an attic.
If goodness were a common trait or property, we should be able to abstract it, but no one has succeeded. Thus goodness is widely believed not to be a property of any natural thing or state of affairs.
Of course, this belief is open to trivial skepticism: Perhaps philosophers just haven't stumbled across the right definition. However, after several thousand years, the prospect is bleak.
One wonders where such an immaterial trait as goodness could reside. An obvious answer is "Inside people." Some philosophers go so far as to say that if some state of affairs does not tend to arouse a desirable subjective state in self-aware beings, then it cannot be good.
Although the elusive definition of external "objective" goodness could be used to construct rational morals and legislation, a subjective definition of goodness could be useful to help one live a good life.
Shortcomings of Subjectivism
In this connection it is useful to discuss relativism, or subjectivism, about intrinsic goods. Values subjectivism states that to answer the question, "What things are intrinsically good?" we need only answer a further question, "Well, what do I, or what does my group, want not merely as a means to something else, but for itself?"
But there are clear problems with this theory. We can be wrong about what is good for us. A clear example is where people derive pleasure from imprisoning and then torturing people. Most people want to say that this practice is criminal, and that the pleasure taken torturing people is not at all valuable or good in any sense. That, in fact, the pleasure is so bad that it is a very great evil .
Intrinsic versus instrumental goodness
A fundamental distinction is between instrumental and intrinsic goodness. This was discussed by Aristotle: an intrinsically good thing, even if it doesn't help you get anything else that's good, is still worth having for itself.
First, some instrumental goods: a hammer, or a radio. So hammers and radios, are instrumentally good.
Some plausible examples of things which are often held to be intrinsically good: the pleasure we get from listening to a great piece of music, or understanding philosophy.
Take understanding: the people who like such subjects as Science and Philosophy will often swear that understanding is something that is worthwhile in itself.
But it's not always an either-or proposition. Some things are both good in themselves, and good for getting other things that are good. They are both intrinsically and instrumentally good, for example understanding.
The important question was: "What sorts of things are good, or valuable?" And now that question can be made more precise. Ultimately we want to know what things are intrinsically valuable. What things are good in themselves?
We all know very well that we have to pursue some instrumentally good things in order to get the intrinsically good things. For example, most people pursue money as merely an instrumentally good thing, so that they can afford what they call "the finer things in life," and those things, like concerts, vacations, and of course a happy family, are supposed to be good in themselves, or intrinsically good. But it's ultimately, in any case, the things we believe to be intrinsically good that we want. So up at the top of the hierarchy of goods that we aim at, there are the intrinsic goods. And the question is: What are they? Which things are intrinsically good?
Pragmatism and Intrinsic goodness
John Dewey (1859-1952) in his book Theory of Valuation saw goodness as the outcome of valuation. Valuation is a continuous balancing of ends in view, i.e. of objectives which we contingently adopt, which we then refine or reject based on their (or their precondition's) consistency with other objectives or means to objectives, held by ourselves or others.
Intrinsic goodness then would only be accepted by him as a transitory property which depends on the situational context, being mainly based on facts about things other than the thing which is judged intrinsically good.
In short his empirical approach did not accept intrinsic value as an inherent or enduring property of things. He saw it as an illusory product of our continuous valuing activity as purposive beings. In his view, all goodness is best understood as instrumental, with no contrasting intrinsic goodness.
Hedonism
Epicurus made the first known attempt to define goodness as subjective pleasure, and its opposite as pain. This is called Hedonism. (See Lives of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laertius)
However, simple hedonism is rejected even by most hedonists because there seem to be pleasures that are bad (e.g. eating too much) and pains that are good (e.g. going to the dentist).
There are other problems with identifying goodness as pleasure. It's strange to say that carrying out one's duty (which is obviously good) has anything to do with pleasure. Also, the sense of achievement following completion of one's work is rarely considered pleasure, although it is clearly good to finish one's work.
Aristotle even distinguished genuine happiness from amusement, and virtuous from base pleasures. This makes some sense because useful work (like the Wikipedia) is seen as better than mere amusement (such as a chat room).
The usual fix of Hedonism is to consider consequences, as well as pleasure and pain. For example. going to a dentist has a small amount of pain now, but avoids a great deal more later. However, even consequentialism is strained when considering duty.
Happiness or pleasure can often be recognized, which solves many problems for Hedonism. But there are more problems with Hedonism. No known definitions of happiness or pleasure have met objections similar to those of a definition of goodness: The situations producing the happiness or pleasure are different in different categories of action.
Furthermore, the conditions and consequences of pleasure, or pain, can seem to be either good or bad, and thus undermine our judgement about that pleasure or pain.
Neither happiness nor pleasure has been conceptually divided (analyzed) in a way that permits deductive choices of real-world alternatives.
So consider that the only intrinsically good things in the world are good pleasures. But then aren't we giving a circular account of "good" -- if we are saying that the good things are good pleasures, then we're using the word "good" to define itself.
Alternatively, we try to find out which pleasures will result in the most other pleasures. Then we call those pleasures "intrinsically good," and only then do we say: "the only instrinsically good things in the world are good pleasures." That allows us to get around the circularity problem.
But this is flawed. Imagine a nation of sadists. The public torture of one person in such a nation may produce more pleasure than any other event, since everyone's basic (not to say base) urges would be satisfied vicariously. But of course such an action would not be good.
So pleasure seems a poor candidate as a criteria of goodness.
Non-cognitivism
Some philosophers, in the face of apparently intransigent undefinability or circularity, pursued the line that goodness was a special property which was not empirically verifiable, like 'redness' or 'circular'.
For example, G.E. Moore blamed this circularity on what he called "The Naturalistic Fallacy". He believed that people had a sort of nonphysical intuition that could sense goodness, which was then falsely projected onto things and fallaciously treated as a natural property. Few people believe in this intuitionism, but the term has stuck because goodness is so widely thought nonphysical, or no physical basis can be found for it.
Others described a theory called Emotivism, simplistically referred to as the 'Boo-Hurray' theory of morality. It was thought by emotivists that to call something wrong, or good, was either to express a feeling of disapproval or approval, or to simply state that one disapproved or approved.
Emotivism did not bear up well as an explanation of goodness. For example, people's emotions vary according to situation, person or circumstance. But goodness is usually conceived as being constant across all situations. Also torture, for example does not become good because it is approved: and public disapproval does not always mean that an action is wrong. Therefore emotions are an inconsistent and inaccurate, guide to goodness.
Circularity in the analysis of 'goodness'
The other form of definitions of goodness is to try to divide the concept of goodness into smaller, more understandable concepts.
It has been thought that if some conception of goodness were divided, or causally regressed far enough, the process would eventually come to a logical stopping place, an "ultimate good." However all known forms of such regressions appear to be either circular, or open to skepticism.
Attempts to translate, divide or causally regress the concept of goodness usually fail in a particular way. Every such attempt seems to end up with one or more subconcepts prefixed with the word "good" or related words like "pleasure," "dutiful," "praiseworthy", or "virtuous." Such definitions appear to be circular, and therefore are believed invalid.
The circularity of causal regression hits scientific definitions of goodness especially hard, because it seems to indicate that science cannot study goodness. Some philosophers have gone so far as to say that science can only study "what is", not "what should be." They claim that there is an unsurmountable gap between facts and values, the "fact -value distinction"
The clearest proponent of this viewpoint was David Hume in A Treatise Concerning Human Understanding, who famously said that there is no logical way to move from statements about facts to statements about what ought to be. It is not illogical for a person to prefer the destruction of the world rather than suffer a small injury to their finger.
The evasiveness of a definition of 'goodness'.
Many philosophers tried to end the regressions by applying an auxiliary evaluation that helps the general regression to a stopping place. This auxiliary evaluation is often open to skepticism.
For example, Aristotle considered "The supreme element of happiness" to be theoretical study, because it "ruled all others." (Nicomachean Ethics, 1177a15) In this case, supremity was the auxiliary evaluation that could be doubted.
He also supported the ancient Greek view which said that it was not happiness , which is a mental state over time, which is intrinsically good -- it is, instead, something like happiness, but eudaimonia, for which there is no word in English, except perhaps the word "flourishing" or "well-being." Eudaimonia is more than simply happiness; it is a happy life that is well -lived .
Happiness is a subjective state. Eudaimonia is an objective state; literally, it means something like "having a good spirit." Thus this line of argument ends in circularity also.
Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) appproached the problem by asserting that everything sensed was an effect, with an earlier cause. Each immediate (proximal) cause was less diluted in goodness, and therefore, the first cause would have to be perfectly good. In this case, the concept of dilution might be doubted as an inaccurate metaphor, or that the dilution necessarily scales back to perfection (maybe the first cause was very good, instead of perfect). One might also doubt that the causal regression ends: It might be circular, for instance.
Another improvement is to distinguish contributory goods. These have the same qualities as the good thing, but need some emergent property of a whole state-of-affairs in order to be good. For example salt is food, but is usually good only as part of a prepared meal. Other exampless come from music and language.
Most philosophers that think goods have to create desirable mental states also say that goods are experiences of self-aware beings. These philosophers often distinguish the experience, which thay call an intrinsic good, from the things that seem to cause the experience, which they call "inherent" goods.
Collectivism versus Individualism: Contributory Goods
We may want to go beyond eudamonia by saying that an individual person's flourishing is valuable only as a means to the flourishing of society as a whole. In other words, a single person's life is, ultimately, not important or worthwhile in itself, but is good only as a means to the success of society as a whole.
Some elements of Confucianism are an example of this, encouraging the view that people ought to conform as individuals to the demands of a peaceful and ordered society.
So the question at issue now is: Is an individual's life intrinsically good, or is it merely instrumentally good? Is an individual's life, well-lived, something that is desirable for its own sake, or is it desirable, ultimately, only as a means to having a happy society?
We can use the terms "values individualism" and "values collectivism" to mark the dispute. Here are some definitions:
Values individualism is the view that only individual lives (or their eudaimonia ) are intrinsically valuable; and so they are valuable not merely as a means to the flourishing of society.
Values collectivism is the view that individual lives (or their eudaimonia) are only instrumentally valuable, i.e., good only as a means to, or as an outcome of the flourishing of society; the flourishing of society (whatever this might be) is the only intrinsically good thing.
We are then faced with the problem of how to choose, and on what basis, between values collectivism and values individualism.
Radical values environmentalism: transcendental value
For the sake of completeness, there is a view beyond the collective/indiviualist duality, held by some environmentalists. They feel that it's not merely the flourishing of society that is the only intrinsically good thing. It's the flourishing of all sentient life . Or perhaps all life, period.
Radical values environmentalism is the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a flourishing ecosystem; individuals and societies are merely instrumentally valuable, good only as means to having a flourishing ecosystem.
This is reminiscent of the philosophy of Hegel(1770-1831). Hegel rejected individualism as expressed for example in both the American and the French revolutions. Individualism, he felt, runs directly contrary to the nature of humanity and reality, since the individual has value and reality only as a part of a greater and unified whole.
Another similar viewpoint is that of Taoism, the ancient Chinese philosophy which advocated quietism and conformity to the Way, or Tao: "The Tao is the natural order of things. It is a force that flows through every living or sentient object, as well as through the entire universe".-Wikipedia
This sort of holism seems an odd point of view: in our experience goodness, or value exists within an ecosystem, Earth. What kind of being could validly apply the word to an ecosystem as a whole? Who would have the power to assess and judge an ecosystem as good or bad? By what criteria? Perhaps this view could be grounded in a Hegelian Absolute Mind, or in the concept of God, but these concepts are not accepted as providing an elucidation of everyday examples of goodness.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that many people get support in accepting the fact that God created the world, and therefore that it has a purpose and value which lies beyond our understanding.
Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham's book The Principles of Morals and Legislation prioritized goods by considering pleasure, pain and consequences. This theory had a wide effect on public affairs, up to and including the present day. A similar system was later named Utilitarianism by John Mill.Utilitarianism succeeds in many cases. However Utilitarianism has some questionable implications.
For example, it considers all goods as interchangeable. If feeding a starving child would cause the child to feel sick, and not permanently improve his situation, a Utilitarian would prefer to spend the money on a car for a rich man.
Unhappily, the utilitarian argument to permit abortions is of the same form as this questionable type, though with changed quantities. To see this, substitute "unconscious fetus, destined for loveless poverty" for "starving, hopeless child" and "improved woman's income" for "rich man's watch."
To a humanist, who values human life above all else, the form of the judgment remains invalid, while a utilitarian might agree with the statement, based on the changed magnitudes of value.
In another widely questioned set of judgments, Utilitarians weigh the pleasures and pains of men and animals in the same scale. (See PETA, an animal rights organization based firmly on Utilitarian ideals.)
John Rawls' book A Theory of Justice prioritized social arrangements and goods based on their contribution to justice. Rawls defined justice as fairness, especially in distributing social goods, defined fairness in terms of procedures, and attempted to prove that just institutions and lives are good, if rational individuals' goods are considered fairly.
Rawls' crucial invention was "the original position," a procedure in which one tries to make objective moral decisions by refusing to let personal facts about oneself enter one's moral calculations.
A problem with both Kant's and Rawls' approach is that goodness appears to be both prior to and essential to fairness, and different for different beings. Procedurally fair processes of the type used by Kant and Rawls may reduce the totality of goodness, and thereby be unfair.
For example, if two people are found to own an orange, the standard fair procedure is to cut it in two, and give half to each. However, if one wants to eat it, while the other wants the rind to flavor a cake, cutting it in two is clearly less good than giving the peel to the baker, and feeding the meat to the eater.
Many people judge that if both procedures are known, using the first procedurally-fair procedure to mediate between a baker and an eater is unfair because it is not as good.
Applying procedural fairness to an entire society therefore seems certain to create recognizable inefficiencies, and therefore be unfair, and (by the equivalence of justice with fairness) unjust.
This strikes at the very foundation of Kantian ethics, because it shows that hypothetical goods can be better than categorical goods, and therefore be more desirable, and even more just.
Summary: Values pluralism and the grading of values.
Notice that there is a succession of things which can be considered as the kind of thing which is intrinsically good: from particular events of pleasure, to an individual's happiness, to an individual's eudaimonia , to the flourishing of a society, to the flourishing of an entire ecosystem. So it can be seen that there is a rather difficult problem about the scope of the theory of value. Where do you stop, in this succession of items, in your account of what is valuable for its own sake?
If you say that an individual pleasure is valuable for its own sake, then why don't you say that an individual's entire happiness is valuable for its own sake? And so forth: and on reaching the end of this sequence, we find ourselves valuing ecosystems which is itself an activity which seems metaphysical, inexplicable.
As a values pluralist, you might say: every item in this succession of items is intrinsically good. The goodness of a particular experience, of an individual's whole life, of society, and of an ecosystem, are all worth having for their own sake, and not merely as a means to something else. So as a values pluralist you would say: I don't have to decide which of these things is intrinsically good, because they are all intrinsically good.
That position does not seem to hold up to careful scrutiny. Sometimes we have a choice , for example, to sacrifice our own pleasure, or happiness, or even our own lives, for the sake of many other people. In these cases two things are weighed: your own individual happiness, and the more general happiness of a lot of other people. And if you conclude that you should sacrifice your own happiness, in one of these ways, what does that amount to?
It could say that your own life is worthwhile in and of itself, and that it is also worthwhile as a means to the happiness of others. Remember, the same thing can be both instrumentally and intrinsically good: understanding, or knowledge, is one possible example. It is clear that a human life might be another, and in that way we might want to defend values pluralism. Two different things, your life and the good of society, can both be intrinsically good, even though you might sacrifice the first for the second. There's no contradiction in saying that.
Indeed, existentialism faces this dilemma in an egregious way: since being precedes essence, then our choices are paramount in setting our values. It makes little sense to evaluate one action over another: if they are real choices then they are expressions of our being, and of our ultimate freedom. Jean Paul Sartre faced the famous difficulty of being unable to decide whether it was better to stay at home to care for his elderly mother, or to go to war in the defence of his country.
We are left with an unresolved issue: the issue of the relative importance of intrinsic values. If these things are to be ranked in order of importance, how would the ranking go? So a person could be a values pluralist and still be an individualist, or a collectivist, or a radical environmentalist. It would just have to be said that the most important thing, the most valuable thing, is my own flourishing; or, instead, the flourishing of society; or, perhaps, the flourishing of the environment.
But this leaves us back at the start of the argument: on what basis do we, should we, choose in cases of conflict? Why is one thing better than another? Why is anything good?
Conclusion
After all this, we can see why the notion or thing called 'goodness' has a claim on being the most important, yet the most puzzling area of philosophy.
So much in our day to day life involves apparent value judgements: crucial life decisions we make, the habits we develop and transmit to our children, our deepest political convictions.
Academic philosophy seems to provide no objective criteria or decision process to help us in our decision making or reflections on these matters.
Hypothetical imperatives can outweigh Categorical imperatives, as we have seen, and intrinsic goods can be outweighed by instrumental goods. For each proposed ideal candidate for being called good, we seem able to envisage a situation where that candidate is judged bad.
Further, the prospect of the quest being successful, that goodness could finally be analysed, satisfactorily defined and universally agreed is unsettling in some ways. Perhaps the definition could be used in a totalitarian way, perhaps the world would lose some of its plurality, there may be a loss of diversity in society and in ways of life. So we are left with the paradoxical situation that ultimate, incontrovertible knowledge of what is good may not itself seem good or desirable.
Perhaps the only certainty we can have from looking at the investigations of philosopers over the centuries is that:
These conclusions may in the long run be more likely to give us some practical guidance in a world of multiple choice and of bewildering pluralism.
- What is good cannot be defined in abstraction from situations and our experience of them, academic approaches have so far proved infertile.
- There seems to be no enduring thing which can be said to be absolutely good in itself.
- Perhaps an inductive, empirical based investigation of goodness as the outcome of situations of valuation activity would be a more productive approach.
See also: Meta-ethics, Descriptive ethics , Inductive reasoning
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Goodness and value theory."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The marginal theory of value asserts that economic value value is set by the consumer's marginal utility.The essential idea is that to have value an object must be both useful and scarce to a consumer.
This theory was first broached in the 1870s, and it revolutionised economics. Previously it had been believed that the value of an item was a reflection of the work and resources devoted to making it, the cost-of-production theory of value. This was widely believed by classical economists.
Neo-classical economists accepted the marginal utility explanation for value and grafted this insight on to classical economics during the Neoclassical Revolution. The Austrian School used marginal utility as a starting point in breaking away from the stress that other economic schools put on analysis of economic data.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marginal theory of value."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:NumberA number is an abstract entity used to describe quantity. There are different types of numbers. The most familiar numbers are the natural numbers {0, 1, 2, ...} used for counting and denoted by N. If the negative whole numbers are included, one obtains the integers Z. Ratios of integers are called rational numbers or fractions; the set of all rational numbers is denoted by Q. If all infinite and non-repeating decimal expansions are included, one obtains the real numbers R. Those real numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers. The real numbers are in turn extended to the complex numbers C in order to be able to solve all algebraic equations. The above symbols are often written in blackboard bold, thus:
Numbers should be distinguished from numerals which are symbols used to represent numbers. The notation of numbers as series of digits is discussed in numeral systems.
People like to assign numbers to objects in order to have unique names. There are various numbering schemes for doing so.
Extensions
Newer developments are the hyperreal numbers and the surreal numbers which extend the real numbers by adding infinitesimal and infinitely large numbers. While (most) real numbers have infinitely long expansions to the right of the decimal point, one can also try to allow for infinitely long expansions to the left, leading to the p-adic numbers. For dealing with infinite collections , the natural numbers have been generalized to the ordinal numbers and to the cardinal numbers. The former give the ordering of the collection, the latter its size. (For the finite case, the ordinal and cardinal numbers are equivalent; they diverge in the infinite case.)The arithmetical operations of numbers, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, are generalized in the branch of mathematics called abstract algebra; one obtains the groupss, ringss and fields.
Particular numbers
See: List of numbers, mathematical constants, even and odd numbers, negative and non-negative numbers, small numbers, large numbers, orders of magnitude (numbers)See also
- Numbers in various languages
External links
- Wiktionary article on number
- What's special about this number?
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Number."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:ValueEconomically speaking, the value of an object or service is the price it would bring in a fair, open market; the item's "buying power".
Intrinsic value is value which is inherent in an object: A one-ounce gold coin has intrinsic value because of the gold it contains. Even if its issuing authority (such as a government) were to fail to honor the coin's value, it would retain its intrinsic value.
Extrinsic value is value which arises because of an agreement: Although the intrinsic value of a €100 note is not much more than the value of any similar piece of paper with a pretty picture on it, it has a practical value (an extrinsic value) of €100. If its issuing authority were to fail to honor the note's value, it would soon become nearly worthless. This happened recently with the Argentinian peso.
See also: value (computer science)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Value."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In computer science, a value may be a number, literal string, array and anything that can be treated as if it were a number. The exact definition varies across programming languages. Variables and subprogram calling sitess are mostly treated as values.The distinction from object is subtle but one can say that objects include referencess while values do not. References, however, are commoly expressed as values too, notablely a pointer in C programming language. You may conclude that In C, therefore there is no difference between objects and values.
The use of a term value is useful in clarifying the exact meaning of assignments, copying, and comparison of objects. In the value model, for instance, objects itself are copied instead of references to it, they are treated as if they were numbers.
L-value and r-value
Some languages use the idea of l and r-value. L-values are values that have addresses, meaning they are variables or dereferenced references to certain place. R-value is either L-value or non-l-value--a term only used to distinguish from l-value. In C, the term l-value originally meant something that could be assigned (coming from left-value, indicating it was on the left side of the = operator), but since 'const' was added to the language, this now is termed a 'modifiable l-value'.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Value (computer science)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In poker, the strength of one's hand (that is, how likely it is to be the best according to the rules of the game being played) is often called its value, but discussions of poker strategy often use the term in a more specific sense to descibe a type of bet: A bet "for value" is a bet made for the purpose of increasing the size of the pot, and which the player wants his opponents to call. This is in contrast to a bluff or a protection bet (though some bets may have a combination of these motives).Most of the time, this is because the player believes his hand is valuable in the first sense, and he therefore wants his opponents to put money into the pot that he expects to win from them at showdown. In certain situations, though, even a drawing hand that is not currently the best can value bet: For example, on the next-to-last betting round of a fixed limit game, if a player surmises that he has a 1-in-4 chance of being dealt a final card that will give him a winning hand, and there are six opponents remaining, he can bet for value even though he will lose three out of four times, because the one time he does win he will win more than three times the amount bet (so the bet earns money in the long run). This is still a value bet, because it is made hoping the opponents will call and build a bigger pot in anticipation of winning (even though the win is only statistical).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Value (poker)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
VALUE | English | Specific programme for the dissemination and utilization of scientific and technological research results(1989-92) | General, Engineering & Technology |
| ALARA value | English | As Low As Reasonably Achievable | Nuclear Energy & Physics, Environment |
| VA | English | Value added | Business, Economics |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ValueSynonyms: economic value (n), note value (n), time value (n), appraise (v), appreciate (v), assess (v), esteem (v), evaluate (v), measure (v), prise (v), prize (v), rate (v), respect (v), treasure (v), valuate (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: disrespect (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Approbation | Verb: approve; approbate, think good, think much of, think well of, think highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great store by, set great store on. |
Importance | Greatness; superiority; notability; (repute); weight; (influence); value; (goodness); usefulness. |
Inexpedience | Noun: goodness; Adjective: excellence, merit; virtue; value, worth, price. |
Judgment | Form an estimate, estimate, appreciate, value, count, assess, rate, rank, account; regard, consider, think of; look upon; (believe); review; size up. |
Measurement | Verb: measure, mete; determine, assay; evaluate, value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an estimate, set a value on; appreciate; standardize. |
Price | Noun: price, amount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge, figure; demand, damage; fare, hire, wages; (remuneration); value; a. |
Utility | Noun: utility; usefulness; Adjective: efficacy, efficiency, adequacy; service, use, stead, avail; help; (aid); applicability; Adjective: subservience; (instrumentality); function; (business); value; worth; (goodness); money's worth; productiveness; cui bono; (intention); utilization; (use) step in the right direction. |
Value | Noun: {ant. to b} worth, rate, value, intrinsic value, quality; par value. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Value |
| English words defined with "value": absolute value, acid value ♦ book value ♦ economic value ♦ face value ♦ Intrinsic value ♦ median value, modal value, monetary value ♦ nominal value ♦ Par value ♦ scale value. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "value": Valure. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | And was there anything of value in the car (The Big Lebowski; writing credit: Ethan Coen; Joel Coen) Cos if you can't see value here today, you're not up here shopping, you're up here shop lifting (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels; writing credit: Guy Ritchie) If a machine, a terminator, can learn the value of human life, maybe we can too. (Swingers; writing credit: James Cameron, William Wisher) Value this time in your life kids, because this is the time in your life when you still have your choices, and it goes by so quickly (City Slickers; writing credit: Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel, and Billy Crystal) That really ups the resale value. (Tommy Boy; writing credit: Terry Turner, Bonnie Turner, Fred Wolf) | |
Lyrics | You'll see how much you value my friendship (Sexual (Li Da Di); performing artist: Amber) Because I'm all about value (One Week; performing artist: Barenaked Ladies) Without love give me some value some worth (Without Love; performing artist: Donna Lewis) | |
Clever | Grief can take care of itself; but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with. (references; author: Mark Twain) Smile! It increases your face value. (references; author: unknown) Quality is presence of value and not absence of mistake. (references; author: unknown) People who value their privileges above their principles soon lose both. (references; author: unknown) A cynic is someone who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Utterly Without Redeeming Social Value (1969) Something of Value (1957) Her Resale Value (1933) Face Value (1927) Her Market Value (1925) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Histological slide (H & E stain at x300) showing prostate cancer. On the right is a somewhat normal Gleason Value of 3 (out of 5) with moderately differentiated cancer. On the left is less normal tissue with a Gleason Value of 4 (out of 5) that is highly undifferentiated. The Gleason score is the sum of the two worst areas of the histological slide. Credit: Otis Brawley. |  | "Tetrahedron" by Владимир Смирнов (Vladimir Smirnov). These platonic solids illustrate a clever use of the absolute value function. |
 | Proton vector magnetometer used to measure the absolute value of magnetic field. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Observing absolute value of horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | A mountain of oysters. Where spawning conditions are good, oysters in their natural state will attach themselves, one generation atop another, until great ridges of them exist up to high tide. However, such oysters are poor quality and of little commercial value. By spreading them out and giving them room to grow, the quality can be improved. F&W A-6151. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Former Kenco Marine has been purchased by the Muckleshhot Indian Tribe on behalf of the Eliot Bay/ Duwamish River Natural Resource Trustees. The habitat value of the property will be enhanced by removing the structure on the site and pulling back the shoreline to create mudflat, salt marsh, and a riparian buffer habitat for fish and wildlife. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A NOAA film crew documented the restoration work. The finished educational video won an award at the Houston World Fest Film Festival. The video outlined the restoration work and showcased the value of the Bay's marine resources. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Marine snow, detrital/particulate matter surrounding two adjacent pipes on reef. This configuration provided more habitat value than two single pipes laying apart. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
 | The value of coral reefs is understood in Aqaba, Jordan. Credit: Small World. |  | Vendor ads value by cleaning and packaging beans. The Crescent City Farmer's Market meets in New Orleans, LA every Saturday morning. Fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs, baked and canned goods and other wonderful things are available. . Credit: USDA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Many Flowers" by Luke Wertz Commentary: "Not sure what kind of flowers these are. Obviously the photo has been edited for artistic value (made all the non-pink flowers b&w)." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Arthur Schopenhauer | Style is what gives value and currency to thoughts. |
Eugene Delacroix | We work not only to produce but to give value to time. |
James Monroe | National honor is national property of the highest value. |
Karl Marx | Nothing can have value without being an object of utility. |
Marquis De Vauvenargues | You are not born for fame if you don't know the value of time. |
Mencius | In clothes we value novelty; in men, old age. |
Oliver Wendell Holmes | A man's opinions are generally of more value than his arguments. |
Publius Cornelius Tacitus | Posterity gives every man his true value. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | The one thing in the world, of value, is the active soul. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | If anyone holding of us a lay fief shall die, and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owed us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach and enroll the chattels of the deceased, found upon the lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of law worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever be thence removed until the debt which is evident shall be fully paid to us; and the residue shall be left to the executors to fulfill the will of the deceased; and if there be nothing due from him to us, all the chattels shall go to the deceased, saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | Find out something that hath the use and value of money amongst his neighbours, you shall see the same man will begin presently to enlarge his possessions. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. (reference) |
US Bill of Rights | 1795 | Amendment VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | It has resolved personal worth into exchange value. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | This value shall be credited to Germany in part payment of the amount due for reparation. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He knows the value of a good income as well as any body |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | In everything that made my love of any worth or value in your sight |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | As to the intrinsic value of people, it is hardly respectable any longer |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | One may almost doubt if the wisest man has learned anything of absolute value by living |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Drugs have no curative value as a treatment for syringomyelia. (references) | |
Individual patients differ in the value they place on these issues. (references) | ||
Routinely doing screening tests for all patients has no known value. (references) | ||
Business | Value (cost, insurance, freight). (references) | |
Total market value was USD878 million. (references) | ||
Expected U.S. export value $7.0 million. (references) | ||
Children | Bulgaria | A social milieu that often does not highly value formal education also is a contributing factor. (references) |
Belarus | However, continued high inflation and the sharp decline in the value of the ruble greatly reduced the real worth of those limited subsidies. (references) | |
Spain | Truancy and dropout rates among Roma are very high, and Romani parents, over 80 percent of whom are functionally illiterate, often do not see the value of an education or are unaware of the educational opportunities for their children. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Iran | Public and private universities continue to deny admittance to Baha'i students, which is particularly demoralizing to a community that traditionally has placed a high value on education. (references) |
Slovenia | Religious communities must register with the Government's Office for Religious Communities if they wish to be registered as legal entities, and registration entitles such groups to value added tax rebates on a quarterly basis. (references) | |
Economic History | Qatar | Current value of foreign equity: Unknown. (references) |
Human Rights | Poland | In 37 cases, the value of suspicious transactions exceeded $160 million. (references) |
Nicaragua | Furthermore, compensation is paid in 15-year bonds, which sell at about 19 percent of face value. (references) | |
Belarus | In all cases, computers were smashed, but not stolen; only hard drives or floppy disks were removed, and nothing else of value was taken. (references) | |
Minorities | Bhutan | Local officials took advantage of the climate of repression to coerce ethnic Nepalese to sell their land below its fair value and to emigrate. (references) |
Political Economy | NICARAGUA | The DAI and ATP taxes are based on CIF value. (references) |
SOUTH AFRICA | South Africa has a 14 percent Value Added Tax (VAT). (references) | |
Political Rights | Guatemala | While ordinary laws could be enacted to accomplish many of the reforms, the constitutional reforms nonetheless held great symbolic value for the peace process. (references) |
Trade | Nicaragua | DAI and ATP are based on CIF value. (references) |
Australia | The duty is then added to the Customs value. (references) | |
Travel | Ireland | Its value changes with respect to the U.S. dollar. (references) |
Ireland | The Euro has fallen in value against the dollar and sterling since its launch. (references) | |
Trinidad | Business people are informal and friendly and value personal contact and courtesy. (references) | |
Women | Libya | Abuse within the family rarely is discussed publicly, due to the value attached to privacy in society. (references) |
Egypt | Due to the value attached to privacy in the country's traditional society, abuse within the family rarely is discussed publicly. (references) | |
Jordan | Women experience legal discrimination in matters of pension and social security benefits, inheritance, divorce, and the value of court testimony. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Haiti | The real value of the gourde has declined, contributing to the insufficiency of the minimum wage. (references) |
Brazil | Nevertheless critics are concerned that the program's rapid implementation, lack of comprehensive oversight, and small stipend value may compromise its ability to discourage child labor. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RICHES, n. A gift from Heaven signifying, "This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased." John D. Rockefeller The reward of toil and virtue. J.P. Morgan The sayings of many in the hands of one. Eugene Debs To these excellent definitions the inspired lexicographer feels that he can add nothing of value. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | I guess what I'm saying is, at least in Michael Jackson's case, allegations of racism should be taken at face value. |
John Ashcroft | Well, my view is that it's a great tragedy. I am disappointed, but I also recognize the fact that the Catholic Church has been a tremendous value to this culture. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Observations on the value of peace with other nations are unnecessary. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | National honor is national property of the highest value. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | We may consider it certain that for the approaching year it has added an item of large amount to the value of our exports and that it will produce a corresponding increase of importations. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Such measures as are within the power of the Executive have been taken to ascertain the value of the stock and procure the payment as early as possible. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Its value in serving the cause of peace has been shown anew in its role in the West New Guinea settlement, in its use as a forum for the Cuban crisis, and in its task of unification in the Congo. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | This administration must and will preserve the present gold value of the dollar. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | A lender, as we know, must charge an interest rate that recovers the depreciated value of the dollars loaned. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Each of us will measure, within ourselves, the value of this great struggle. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | If we value strong families, we cannot perpetuate a system that penalizes those who stay together. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Low interest rates have allowed Americans to tap the rising value of their homes. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Value" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.27% of the time. "Value" is used about 17,696 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.27% | 17,567 | 531 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.5% | 88 | 35,154 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.19% | 33 | 60,273 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.05% | 8 | 124,375 |
| Total | 100.00% | 17,696 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Germany | Value Management & Research AG | South Africa | Value Group Limited |
| United Kingdom | Blue Chip Value and Income Fund Ltd. | USA | Value America, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "value": abiding value ♦ absolute value ♦ accountants who know the price of everything and the value of nothing ♦ accreted value ♦ accretion value ♦ acid value ♦ actual market value ♦ added value ♦ aggregate value ♦ allowance for loss in value ♦ alternating value ♦ amine value ♦ antique value ♦ appraised value ♦ appreciate smth. for its true value ♦ approximate value ♦ article of value ♦ artistic value ♦ assess value ♦ assessable value ♦ assessed value ♦ asset value ♦ at face value ♦ attribute value assertion ♦ balance sheet value ♦ be equal in value ♦ be of no value ♦ be of value ♦ be of value to ♦ beta value ♦ biological threshold limit value ♦ book value ♦ bottom value ♦ boundary value analysis ♦ breakup value ♦ breeding value ♦ calculated load value ♦ calculation of present value ♦ calorie value ♦ calorific value ♦ capitalised earnings value ♦ capitalised value ♦ capitalized income value ♦ capitalized yield value ♦ cash surrender value ♦ characteristic value ♦ code value ♦ come to value ♦ commercial value ♦ comparison value ♦ cultural value ♦ current market value ♦ current value ♦ date or time or period value ♦ decrease in value ♦ denomination value ♦ desired value ♦ diminish in value ♦ domestic value ♦ drop in value ♦ economic value ♦ economic value added ♦ Economic Value of Life ♦ educational value ♦ enhancement of value ♦ equal value ♦ estimated breeding value ♦ estimated value ♦ evidential value ♦ exchange value ♦ exchangeable value ♦ expected value ♦ exploitation value ♦ extrinsic value ♦ face value ♦ fair market value ♦ fall in value ♦ FAS value ♦ fiducial value ♦ flow value ♦ food value ♦ forecast value ♦ forecasted value ♦ free alongside ship value ♦ gain in value ♦ gain value ♦ give value ♦ gold value ♦ good value ♦ goods of negligible value ♦ gross calorific value ♦ gross calorific value at constant volume ♦ gross heating value ♦ gross value added ♦ grow in value ♦ guideline value ♦ hack value ♦ half change value ♦ heat value ♦ heating value ♦ high heat value. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "value": value-add, value-added, value-added tax, value-added-tax, value-adders, value-adding, value-based, value-chain, value-cluster, value-component, value-components, value-conscious, value-consensus, value-creating, value-dependent, value-driven, value-education, value-facts, value-for, value-for-calories, value-for-money, value-for-us, value-for-weight, value-free, value-freedom, value-increasing, value-in-itself, value-judgement, value-judgements, value-judgment, value-judgments, value-laden, value-life, value-loaded, value-matching, value-maximizing, value-must, value-neutral, value-orientation, value-orientations, value-oriented, value-position, value-positions, value-rational, value-related, value-ridden, value-science, value-shifting, value-some, value-spheres, value-standpoints, value-subtracting, value-subtraction, value-subtractor, value-subtractors, value-system, value-systems, value-theory. | |
Ending with "value": added-value, best-value, better-value, boundary-value, excess-value, exchange-value, face-value, good-value, high-value, initial-value, low-value, present-value, r-value, surplus-value, truth-value, under-value, use-value. | |
Containing "value": call-by-value-result, commodity-value-product, dreaded-value-for-money, higher-value-added, non-value bill, no-par-value stock. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
home value | 3,144 | book value | 230 |
value city furniture | 3,135 | value village | 211 |
blue book value | 3,072 | best value inn | 209 |
used car value | 3,013 | comic book value | 209 |
car value | 2,123 | used boat value | 199 |
value city | 1,870 | net present value | 192 |
kelly blue book value | 969 | value option | 183 |
car blue book value | 818 | motorcycle value | 180 |
value | 803 | boat blue book value | 177 |
true value | 689 | nutritional value | 173 |
house value | 677 | black book value | 169 |
coin value | 598 | trade in value | 161 |
auto value | 574 | jet value | 160 |
value line | 517 | auto blue book value | 160 |
true value hardware | 498 | value of old coin | 157 |
property value | 397 | beanie baby value | 156 |
value city department store | 352 | economic value added | 154 |
baseball card value | 336 | real estate value | 146 |
boat value | 306 | future value | 145 |
car book value | 257 | present value | 145 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "value"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | waarde (worth). (various references) | |
Albanian | vlerësoj (appraise, appreciate, assess, balance, calculate, cost, esteem, estimate, evaluate, judge, measure, prise, prize, put, rate, weigh), vlerë (amount, asset, avail, caliber, calibre, denomination, feck, merit, price, purchase, quality, rate, valor, valour, worth), vleftë, dobi (advantage, avail, benefit, boot, expedience, expediency, gain, good, instrumentality, interest, use, utility), aftësi (ability, accomplishment, aptitude, bent, capability, capacity, disposition, facility, faculty, flair, gift, hand, knack, know how, neatness, power, proficiency, qualification, science, skill, talent), çmoj (admire, appraise, appreciate, apprise, apprize, assess, evaluate, measure, prise, prize, rate), çmim (charge, cost, damage, estimate, figure, honor, honour, kudos, premium, price, prise, prize, prize money, purchase, rate, recompense, reward). (various references) | |
Arabic | حسب (amount, opinion), قيمة (account, amount, price, rate, worth), قوم (adjust, appraise, assess, calibrate, correct, esteem, estimate, evaluate, folk, guess, horde, measure, nation, people, prize, rate, reckon, rectify, reform, straighten), قدر (afford, amount, appraise, appreciate, assess, assume, be able to, be capable of, believe, can, consider, cost, count, deal, degree, esteem, estimate, evaluate, guess, lot, magnitude, manage to, measure, number, predestination, predestine, predetermine, presume, prize, proportion, quantity, rate, size, suppose, think, treasure, volume), عظم (become mighty, bone, bulk, ennoble, enthrone, exaggerate, glorify, glory, loftiness, magnify, os, pinnacle), المدلول الدقيق للكلمة, التقدير, الجلاء المقدار النسبي لإشراق اللون, أهمية (account, consequence, consideration, import, importance, magnitude, moment, pith, prominence, significance, standing, stress, weight, weightiness, worth), أجل (adjourn, carry over, continue, defer, delay, dignify, esteem, glorify, hold over, honor, honour, look up to, postpone, procrastinate, prorogue, put back, put off, rather, refer back, regard, remit, set aside, shelve, stall, suspend, table, yep, yes), ثمن (charge, cost, damage, eighth, esteem, estimate, price, revalue). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | оценявам (appraise, assess, estimate, evaluate, judge, measure, price, put, rate, recognize, tariff), изчислявам (calculate, evaluate, figure, figure on, figure out, judge, put, rate, reckon, reckon up, total, work out), имам високо мнение за (think the world of smb., think well of), полезност (usefulness, utility), полза (account, advantage, avail, behoof, boot, expedience, expediency, favour, good, interest, profit, use, utility, velvet), придавам значение на, пресмятам (calculate, compute, figure, figure out, figure up, reckon, tally, tot up, work, work out), продължителност (continuance, durability, duration, endurance, persistence, run), пълен смисъл, дял (allocation, allotment, concern, contingent, deal, dos, interest, lobe, parcel, part, partition, portion, proportion, quantum, quota, sector, segment, share, slice, snack, whack), значение (account, amount, consequence, consideration, denotation, hang, heft, import, importance, intention, interest, magnitude, matter, meaning, message, moment, notability, object, pith, sense, significance, signification, tenor, weight), стойност (appraisement, cost, damage, denomination, feck, price, rate, worth), важност (account, concern, concernment, gravity, import, importance, interest, magnitude, materiality, moment, pith, pomposity, self-importance, seriousness, significance, solemnity, stress, weight), величина (caliber, dimension, highness, largeness, magnitude, name, quantity), категория (bracket, breed, category, class, division, grade, league, notion, pigeonhole, rank, rate, rating, sort, stripe), точно значение, цена (charge, cost, market, price, rate, terms, worth), ценност (costliness), ценя (appreciate, esteem, price, rate, set), ценя високо (prize, treasure), равностойност (equivalence, equivalency, worth), еквивалент. (various references) | |
Chinese | 重視 (attach importance to, importance, to pay attention to), 珍惜 (cherish, treasure), 價值 (worth), 價 (price, valence), 推崇 (accord great importance to), 值 (to happen, worth), 价值 (values, Worth), 寶貴 (precious, set store by, treasure, valuable). (various references) | |
Czech | hodnota (denomination, merit, worth). (various references) | |
Danish | værdi (worth). (various references) | |
Dutch | waarde (worth), gehalte (worth). (various references) | |
Esperanto | valoro (worth), kareco (love, worth), indo (worth). (various references) | |
Farsi | مقدار (Content, Deal, Extent, Outturn, Percentage, Proportion, Quantity, Scantling, Size, Sup), قیمت کردن (Apprise, Evaluate), قیمت (Estimate, Price, Worth), قدردانی کردن (Acknowledge), قدر (Deal, Esteem, Importance, Magnitude, Quantity, Significance, Valence), گرامی داشتن 2 (Cherish, Treasure), ارزش (Avail, Cost, Price, Valence), ارج , بها (Cost, Price, Valuation, Worth). (various references) | |
Finnish | arvo (consequence, degree, dignity, esteem, importance, prestige, rank, regard, title, worth). (various references) | |
French | valeur (valour). (various references) | |
Frisian | wearde (worth), djoerte (love, worth). (various references) | |
Galician | valor. (various references) | |
German | Wert (article of value, beloved, currency, dear, defaultvorgegebene, denomination, deserving, expensive, good, lovely, sign, useful, usefulness, valuable, valuable object, virtue, worth, worthiness, worthy), Valuta (currency, foreign currency, valuta), schätzen (appraise, appreciate, assess, esteem, estimate, evaluate, forecast, Gage, gauge, guess, like, prize, put, rate, reckon, regard highly, tax, think, to appraise, to appreciate, to estimate, to prize, to regard, treasure), Geltung (currency, influence, prestige, prestigiousness, validity, worth), bewerten (appraise, assess, estimate, evaluate, grade, judge, price, rate, to appraise, to estimate, to rate). (various references) | |
Greek | αξία (caliber, calibre, denomination, merit, rate, valuation, worth, worthiness), τιμή (cost, credit, honor, honour, price, quotation, rate), εκτιμώ (admire, appraise, appreciate, apprise, assess, esteem, estimate, evaluate, gauge, prise, prize, rate, reckon, respect, size). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משקל (importance, significance, weighing, weight), מחיר (cost, expense, figure, price, toll, wage, wages), להעריך (appraise, assess, comment, criticize, estimate, evaluate, measure, set store by, size up), להחשיב (account, esteem), לסלא (estimate, evaluate, weigh), תמורה (barter, change, exchange, permutation, recompense, substitution), תועלת (advantage, avail, behalf, benefit, gain, good, profit, sake, use, usefulness, utility), שווי (comparison, equalization, imparting, parity, worth), ערך (asset, estimation, importance, magnitude, moment, order, property, set, suit, worth), דמים (cost, fee, money, price). (various references) | |
Hungarian | érték (equivalent, rate, virtue, worth). (various references) | |
Icelandic | virði (worth), verð (worth). (various references) | |
Indonesian | menilaikan (appraise, appreciate, assess, evaluate), menilai (appraise, appreciate, assess, evaluate), menghargai (appreciate, appreciative, commend), martabat (dignity, grade, prestige, rank, status), harga (cost, price). (various references) | |
Italian | valore (account, bravery, courage, denomination, gallantry, merit, price, purchase, valor, valour, worth, worthiness), valutare (appraise, appreciate, aprreciate, assess, balance, calculate, consider, esteem, estimate, evaluate, Gage, gauge, price, prize, put, rate, reason, reckon, size, sum up, weigh). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | バベルの塔 (balalaika, balance, balance of power, balance sheet, balcony, ballade, ballast, balloon, Baltic, balun, barber's clippers, Barcelona, baritone, barium, barracks, barreled wine, barricade, barrier, Barriquand et Marre, bawm bawm, Brahman, bulk carrier, bulk line, bulk storage, bulky, bulky sweater, impediment removal, Tower of Babel, value analysis, value engineering, variable condensor, variant, variation, variety, variety show, variety store, varistor, vulcanized fiber, vulcanized rubber), 有り難み (worth), 価格 (cost, price), 価格 (cost, price), 価 (cost, merit, price, worth), 価値 (merit, worth), 価値 (merit, worth), 価 (cost, merit, price, worth), 値打ち (dignity, price, worth), 値 (cost, price, worth), 値 (cost, merit, price, worth). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | バリュー , ねうち (dignity, price, worth), かかく (cost, customer wreath, family status, flower-viewing guest, poetry rules, poetry style, price, putamen, special guests, traveller), かち (merit, victory, win, worth), あたい (cost, merit, price, worth), ありがたみ (worth), ね (cost, first sign of Chinese zodiac, merit, note, price, root, sleep, sound, worth). (various references) | |
Korean | 가치 (values, Worth). (various references) | |
Manx | towse (calibre, capacity, divine law, dose, gauge, mark off, size, size up, sum up, summing up, time, tit of gold, weigh, weigh out; rating), prioseilaght (appraisal, appraisement), prioseil (appraise, estimate, price, pricing), frioose (advertence, attention, attentiveness, consideration, heedfulness, importance, moment, thoughtfulness, thrift, thriftiness), foaynoo (avail, availment, consequence, essence, fame, fettle, form, function, import, importance, order, reputation, state, utility, worth), feeaghey, feeagh (claim, claim debt, crake, liability, raven, worth, worthwhile), cur leagh er (appraise, assess, evaluate, initiate, price). (various references) | |
Norwegian | verdi (worth). (various references) | |
Papiamen | kariño (love, worth), balor (worth), baló (worth). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aluevay.(various references) | |
Polish | wartość (worth). (various references) | |
Portuguese | valor (account, amount, chalk, grade, importance, manhood, merit, prowess, purchase, quality, rating, valiancy, valuation, virtue, worth). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | valor. (various references) | |
Romanian | valoare semanticã, valoare (acception, account, amount, assessment, caliber, calibre, consequence, cost, denomination, importance, interest, merit, price, purchase, quality, relief, time value, use, virtue, weight, worth), valoric, importanţã (account, amount, bearing, concern, consequence, consideration, extent, gravity, greatness, importance, interest, magnitude, matter, moment, pith, prominence, relevance, relevancy, relief, self-importance, significance, store, weight), aprecia (appraise, appreciate, assess, consider, deem, determine, estimate, feel, gauge, guess, judge, measure, prize, put, rate, reckon, score, see, weigh), apreciere (appreciation, assessment, calculation, esteem, estimate, estimation, judgment, opinion, pat on the back, reckoning, recognition), cântãri (appraise, appreciate, balance, estimate, examine, measure, weigh), cantitate (amount, heap, quantity, rate), cost (charge, cost, damage, price), estima (appraise, assess, estimate, rate, score), evalua (appraise, appreciate, assess, compute, cost, estimate, evaluate, guess, measure, put, rate, weigh), însemnãtate (consequence, importance, magnitude, matter, moment, significance), fixa preţul la, preţ (charge, cost, damage, expense, figure, offer, price, purchase, rate, wage, worth), preţui (appreciate, cost, estimate, go for, hold, prize, put, rate, treasure), preţuire (account, appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, valuing), semnificaţie (amount, gut, importance, meaning, noteworthiness, pregnancy, sense, significance, signification), sens (acceptance, acceptation, amount, bearing, direction, drift, hang, importance, logic, meaning, purport, reason, sense, signification, traffic, use, way), tarif (rate, tariff), evaluare (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, assessment, computation, estimate, estimation, evaluation, extent, rate, rating, valuation). (various references) | |
Russian | стоимость (cost, damage, val value, worth), ценность (feck, preciousness, price, purchase, val value, worth), цена (charge, cost, price, rate, worth), оценивать величина;значение, оценивать (appraise, appreciate, apprise, apprize, apprized, apraise, apreciate, aprize, assay, assayed, assess, evaluate, priced, rate, weigh, weight in the balance), значение (account, consequence, importance, meaning, meanings, purport, sense, significance, signification, store). (various references) | |
Scottish | toirt (excelling, giving, importance; bulk, respect, taste), meas (esteem, estimate, fruit, judge, judgement, opinion, regard, reputation), fiach (arrears, good, valuable, worth; debt, worthy). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | vrednost (merit, validity, valuation, worth), veličina (dimensionality, dimensions, grandeur, greatness, largeness, magnitude, size), merilo (criterion, gauge, measure, norm, yardstick), korist (avail, availability, behalf, benefit, boon, interest, prize, profit, sake, stead, utility), ceniti (appreciate, regard, repute). (various references) | |
Spanish | valor (amount, bravery, caliber, calibre, cost, courage, denomination, gallantry, guts, importance, nerve, price, prowess, spirit, stature, valor, valour, weight, worth), valorar (appraise, assess, estimate, measure up, rate, score, titrate, treasure), estimar (admire, appraise, appreciate, aprreciate, compute, deem, esteem, estimate, Gage, gauge, price, put, rate, reckon, respect, think well of). (various references) | |
Swedish | värde (rate, valuation, worth), valör (denomination, worth), valuta (currency, foreign exchange, valuta), värdera (appraise, appreciate, assess, esteem, estimate, evaluate, price, rate, size up, treasure). (various references) | |
Tagalog | halagá (price, quantity, worth). (various references) | |
Thai | สิ่งก่อกวนที่สร้างปัญหาให้ฝ่ายตรงข้าม (nuisance value). (various references) | |
Turkish | ton (cast, chord, color, colour, gradation, long ton, manner, metric ton, short ton, tint, ton, tone, tonicity, tonne), paha biçmek (estimate the price, evaluate, price), keşide etmek (draw), kıymet, gerçek anlam (real meaning, spirit), değerini bilmek (appreciate, assess, treasure), değer vermek (appreciate, cherish, dignify, esteem, have a high opinion of, prize, treasure), değer biçmek (appraise, appreciate, assess, estimate, evaluate, gauge, judge, prize, put down, rate, set by, size up), değer (amount, costliness, currency, dearness, merit, preciousness, price, rate, valuation, worth, worthiness, worthwhile, worthy, worthy of), önem vermek (attach importance to, care, consider important, feature, give weight to, look to, make a point of, note, regard, take cognizance of), önem (accent, account, amount, consequence, consideration, emphasis, gravity, import, importance, interest, magnitude, matter, moment, prominence, regard, significance, significancy, stature, strength, stress, substantiality, weight). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | симпатія (amour, liking, sympathy), цінність (denomination, price, richness, worth), вартість (cost, purchase, worth), оцінювати (appraise, apprise, apprize, censure, esteem, estimate, evaluate, judge, praise, price, rate, reckon up, size up, view), значення (account, bearing, consequence, знаЧеннЯ [n], import, intent, meaning, purport, sense, significance, significancy, signification, sound, weight), дорожити (hold dear). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | khả năng toả nhiệt (heating value), giá trị thặng dư (surplus value). (various references) | |
Welsh | prisio (appraise, appreciate, assess, price, prize), pris (price), prid (costly, dear, price), gwerth (sale, worth). (various references) | |
Yucatec | baler (worth). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | aestima, aestimabamus, aestimabant, aestimabat, aestimabit, aestimabitur, aestimabo, aestimamus, aestimandum, aestimans, aestimantes, aestimantur, aestimare, aestimari, aestimas, aestimat, aestimata, aestimatae, aestimati, aestimatio, aestimatione, aestimationem, aestimationemque, aestimationis, aestimatis, aestimatus, aestimaverit, aestimaverunt, aestimavimus, aestimavit, aestimet, aestimo, caritas, censere, depresserant, deprime, deprimebant, deprimentes, deprimentium, deprimeris, dilecta, dilectae, dilectam, dilecte, dilecti, dilectis, dilecto, dilectos, dilectum, dilectus, dilexerat, dilexerimus, dilexeris, dilexerit, dilexerunt, dilexi, dilexisset, dilexisti, dilexit, diligam, diligamus, diligant, diligas, diligat, diligatis, diligatur, dilige, diligebam, diligebant, diligebat, diligens, diligentes, diligenti, diligentia, diligentibus, diligentis, diligentium, diligere, diligerent, diligeret, diligeretis, diliges, diliget, diligetis, diligetur, diligimus, diligis, diligit, diligite, diligitis, diligo, diligunt, existimabam, existimabant, existimabat, existimabo, existimans, existimante, existimantes, existimantium, existimare, existimarent, existimas, existimasti, existimat, existimate, existimaveram, existimavi, existimavit, existimer, existimes, existimet, existimetur, existimo, indictio, merito, meritum, pendo, plura, pluribus, plurima, plurimae, plurimam, plurimarum, plurimas, plurimi, plurimis, plurimo, plurimorum, plurimos, plurimum, plurimus, pluris, plus, pretium, puta, putabam, putabant, putabantur, putabas, putabat, putabatur, putabis, putabitur, putamus, putandum, putans, putant, putare, putaremini, putaret, putas, putasne, putat, putationis, putatis, putaveris, putaverunt, putavi, putavimus, putavit, putes, putet, puto, valere. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | arejô. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | appretiare. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | preisier, valour, value. (various references) |
| Middle French | 1400-1600 | rare. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 30 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | YeudeiV areskeiai kai mataion kalloV gunaikoV gunh gar suneth eulogeitai fobon de kuriou auth aineitw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Sin fallax gratia et vana est pulchritudo mulier timens Dominum ipsa laudabitur |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Syn. Desceyuable grace and veyn is fairnesse; the womman dredende the Lord, she shal be preisid. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Favor is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Fair looks are a deceit, and a beautiful form is of no value; but a woman who has the fear of the Lord is to be praised. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 30 |
| Cebuano | Ang katahum malimbongon, ug ang kaanyag kakawangan lamang; Apan ang usa ka babaye nga mahadlok kang Jehova, siya pagadayegon. |
| Croatian | Lažna je ljupkost, tašta je ljepota: žena sa strahom Gospodnjim zaslužuje hvalu. |
| Danish | Ynde er Svig og Skønhed Skin; en Kvinde, som frygter HERREN, skal roses. |
| Dutch | Schin. De bevalligheid is bedrog, en de schoonheid ijdelheid; maar een vrouw, die den HEERE vreest, die zal geprezen worden. |
| Finnish | Pettävä on sulous, kauneus katoavainen; ylistetty se vaimo, joka Herraa pelkää! |
| French | La grâce est trompeuse, et la beauté est vaine; La femme qui craint l`Éternel est celle qui sera louée. |
| German | Lieblich und schön sein ist nichts; ein Weib, das den HERRN fürchtet, soll man loben. |
| Haitian Creole | Bèl fanm pa di bon madanm pou sa. Bèl figi pa la pou lontan. Men, y'a fè lwanj yon fanm ki gen krentif pou Seyè a. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Paras yang manis tak dapat dipercaya, dan kecantikan akan hilang; tetapi wanita yang taat kepada TUHAN layak mendapat pujian. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Adapun peri cantik itu penipu adanya dan keelokan itu sia-sia, tetapi seorang bini yang takut akan Tuhan itu akan dipuji-puji. |
| Italian | Fallace è la grazia e vana è la bellezza, ma la donna che teme Dio è da lodare. |
| Maori | He mea teka noa te manako, he mea horihori te ataahua: tena ko te wahine e wehi ana i a Ihowa, ko ia e whakamoemititia. |
| Norwegian | Ynde sviker, og skjønnhet forgår; en kvinne som frykter Herren, hun skal prises. |
| Portuguese | Chine. Enganosa é a graça, e vã é a formosura; mas a mulher que teme ao Senhor, essa será louvada. |
| Rumanian | Desmerdqrile sknt knwelqtoare, wi frumuseya este dewartq, dar femeia care se teme de Domnul va fi lqudatq. |
| Russian | нЙМПЧЙДОПУФШ ПВНБОЮЙЧБ Й ЛТБУПФБ УХЕФОБ; ОП ЦЕОБ, ВПСЭБСУС зПУРПДБ, ДПУФПКОБ ИЧБМЩ. |
| Spanish | Engañosa es la gracia y vana es la hermosura; la mujer que teme a Jehovah, ella será alabada. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "value": valued, valueless, valuelessness, valuelessnesses, valuer, valuers, values. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "value": devalue, disvalue, eigenvalue, misvalue, outvalue, overvalue, revalue, transvalue, undervalue. (additional references) | |
Words containing "value": devalued, devalues, disvalued, disvalues, eigenvalues, misvalued, misvalues, outvalued, outvalues, overvalued, overvalues, revalued, revalues, transvalued, transvalues, undervalued, undervalues, unvalued. (additional references) | |
| |
"Value" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aleu, Evalie, evalu, evalue, malue, Salue, vacu, valae, valde, valee, valeie, valel, valen, Valeo, valeum, valeur, valice, valide, valige, valine, valip, valle, vallen, Vallone, valo, valon, valore, valos, valox, valoz, valu, valum, valume, valus, valut, Vanua, vaque, vau, vaue, vauel, vaul, vaule, vaus, Velbe, velde, Velu, velux, veque, veue, vilie, Vilyui, volu, volure, voule, walue. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "value" (pronounced va"lyuw) |
| 3 | -l y uw | overvalue, undervalue. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: uveal. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-l-u-v" | |
-1 letter: lave, leva, ulva, uvea, vale, veal, vela. | |
-2 letters: ale, ave, eau, lav, lea, leu, lev, luv, vau. | |
-3 letters: ae, al, el, la. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-l-u-v" | |
+1 letter: avulse, eluvia, uvulae, valued, valuer, values, vulvae. | |
+2 letters: avulsed, avulses, devalue, eluvial, exuvial, helluva, juvenal, ovulate, revalue, suavely, unravel, vacuole, vaguely, valuate, valuers, valvule, vaulted, vaulter, venular, vulgate, vulvate. | |
+3 letters: acervuli, allusive, alveolus, devalued, devalues, disvalue, effluvia, eluviate, evaluate, eventual, juvenals, misvalue, outvalue, overhaul, ovulated, ovulates, plausive, revalued, revalues, revenual, unhalved, univalve, unravels, unvalued, unviable, upheaval, vacuoles, valguses, valuable, valuated, valuates, valvulae, valvules, vaulters, vaultier, velarium, vesicula, vestural, vulgarer, vulgates. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
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