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Definition: Rock |
RockNoun1. A lump of hard consolidated mineral matter; "he threw a rock at me". 2. Material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust. 3. Hard stick bright-colored stick candy typically peppermint flavored. 4. A genre of popular music originating in the 1950s; a blend of Black rhythm-and-blues with White country-and-western; "rock is a generic term for the range of styles that evolved out of rock'n'roll.". 5. Pitching dangerously to one side. Verb1. Move back and forth in an unstable manner; "the ship was rocking"; "the tall building swayed"; "the tree shook in the wind". 2. Rock or place in or as if in a cradle; "He cradled the infant in his arms". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "rock" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Rock \Rock\, noun. [Old French roke, French roche; compare to Armor. roc'h, and Anglo-Saxon rocc.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | Rock (Heb. tsur), employed as a symbol of God in the Old Testament (1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3; Isa. 17:10; Ps. 28:1; 31:2,3; 89:26; 95:1); also in the New Testament (Matt. 16:18; Rom. 9:33; 1 Cor. 10:4). In Dan. 2:45 the Chaldaic form of the Hebrew word is translated "mountain." It ought to be translated "rock," as in Hab. 1:12 in the Revised Version. The "rock" from which the stone is cut there signifies the divine origin of Christ. (See STONE.). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Geological | Rocks are made of different kinds of minerals, or broken pieces of crystals, or broken pieces of rocks. Some rocks are made of the shells of once-living animals, or of compressed pieces of plants. Rocks are divided into three basic types, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic, depending upon how they were formed. (references) |
Industry | Deformation of the base so that an article does not stand firmly on a flat surface. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Excessive play between ground surfaces intended to match. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Literature | Rock A quack; so called from one Rock, who was the "Holloway" of Queen Anne's reign. "Oh, when his nerves had once received a shock, Sir Isaac Newton might have gone to Rock." Crabbe: Borough. The Ladies' Rock. A crag in Scotland under the castle rock of Stirling, where ladies used to witness tournaments. "In the castle hill is a hollow called The Valley about a square acre in extent, used for justings and tournaments. On the south side of the valley is a small rocky pyramidical mount, called The Ladies' Hill or Rock, where the ladies sat to witness the spectacle."- Nimmo: History of Stirlingshire, p. 282. People of the Rock. The inhabitants of Hejaz or Arabia Petraea. Captain Rock. A fictitious name assumed by the leader of the Irish insurgents in 1822. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mining | A. An aggregate of one or more minerals, e.g., granite, shale, marble; or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, e.g., obsidian, or of solid organic material, e.g., coal b. Any prominent peak, cliff, or promontory, usually bare, when considered as a mass, e.g., the Rock of Gibraltar c. A rocky mass lying at or near the surface of a body of water, or along a jagged coastline, esp. where dangerous to shipping d. A slang term for a gem or diamond e.g., granite, shale, marble; or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, e.g., obsidian, or of solid organic material, e.g., coal f. A local term used in New York and Pennsylvania for the more massive beds of bluestone that are not jointed and are, therefore, well-suited for structural purposes. g. In the geological sense, any natural deposit or portion of the Earth's crust whatever be its hardness or softness, but used by miners to denote sandstone h. In geology, the material that forms the essential part of the Earth's solid crust, and includes loose incoherent masses, such as a bed of sand, gravel, clay, or volcanic ash, as well as the very firm, hard and solid masses of granite, sandstone, limestone, etc. Most rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals, but some are composed entirely of glassy matter, or of mixtures of glass and minerals i. In the Lake Superior region, crude copper ore as it comes from the mines. The concentrate obtained is called mineral, and contains about 65%metallic copper. (references) |
Slang | Verb. Source: I believe that it stems from the rocking motion of one of the older style machine guns. Definition: To open fire with a high cyclic rate of fire weapon. (This is any type of modern machine gun, or automatic rifle.). Context: Used as a command that inspires a moral boost in members of the group, and inspires a since of nervousness in people of the opposing group. Social Source: US National Guard. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
| Noun. Source: Shows the hardness of crack as opposed to powdered cocaine. Definition: A basic unit of division of crack cocaine. Context: Used among drug dealers and social commentators when discussing the dismal states of some inner city areas. Social Source: Old School Hip Hop Culture . Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) | |
| Noun. Source: Unclear. Definition: The basketball. Context: Used in any situation in place of the word basketball, only referring to the ball. Not replacing the concept. For example one would not say "the rockcourt" instead of basketball court. Social Source: Basketball Players. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) | |
Sports & Leisure | The stone, also called rock or granite, is round, highly polished, and weights from about 40 to a maximum of 44 pounds. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, "the earth") and λογος (logos, "science")) is the science and study of the earth, its history, and the processes that shape it. The word was first used in this sense by Jean-André de Luc in the year 1778 and introduced by Bénédict de Saussure in the year 1779 as a fixed term. [An older sense of the word is first mentioned by Richard de Bury in 1473. He used it to distinguish between earthly and theological jurisprudence.]
Geology is also sometimes used about similar studies of other bodies of the solar system. However, specialised terms such as selenology (studies of the Moon), areology (of Mars), etc., are also in use.
History
Georg Agricola (1494-1555) wrote the first systematic treatise about mining and about smelting works: De re metallica libri XII with an appendix Buch von den Lebewesen unter Tage (book of the creatures beneath the earth). He covered subjects like wind energy, hydrodynamic power, melting cookers, transport of ores, extraction of soda, sulfur and alum, and administrative issues. The book has been published in 1556.
James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed, in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded, and for the sediment to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which were then raised up to dry land.
Followers of Hutton were known as plutonists because they believed that some rocks were formed by vulcanism which is the deposition of lava from volcanoes, as opposed to the neptunists, who believed that all rocks had settled out of a large ocean whose level gradually dropped over time.
William Smith (1769-1839) drew some of the first geological maps and began the process of ordering rock strata (layers) by examining the fossils contained in them.
Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830 and continued to publish new revisions until he died in 1875. He successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism. This theory states that slow geological processes occurred throughout the earth's history, and are still occurring today. In contrast, catastrophism is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter. (Hutton believed in uniformitarianism, but the idea was not widely accepted at the time.)
The theory of continental drift was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 and by Arthur Holmes, but wasn't broadly accepted until the 1960s when the theory of plate tectonics was developed.
See also: Timeline of geology
Fields
There are many different fields within the discipline of Geology, and it would be hard to list all of them. Some include, however: geochemistry, hydrogeology (or geohydrology), petroleum geology, economic geology, soil science, climatology, biogeology, geodetics and geophysics.
Subdisciplines within geology proper include structural geology, sedimentology and stratigraphy, mineralogy (study of minerals), petrology (study of rocks), geomorphology (study of landforms), seismology (also a field in geophysics) and volcanology (the study of volcanic activity).
There is also engineering geology, which supports civil engineering, especially geotechnical engineering, and geological engineering. The difference between geological engineering and engineering geology is real: geological engineers are licensed as engineers, engineering geologists are licensed as geologists.
See also: geologists, the Geologic timescale, minerals
External link
- James Hutton's Theory of the Earth
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Geology."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma derived from the mantle, or, pre-existing rocks molten by extreme temperature) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them intrusive. Igneous rock are geologically important because:
Igneous rocks are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body.
- their minerals and global chemistry gives information about the composition of the mantle where they were extracted from, and the temperature and pressure conditions that allowed this extraction, or (below)
- their minerals and global chemistry gives information about the composition of the country pre-existing rock that melted
- their absolute ages can be obtained from various forms of radiometric dating and thus can be compared to adjacent strata, allowing a time sequence of events
- their features are usually characteristic of a specific tectonic environment, allowing tectonic reconstitutions (see Plate tectonics)
- in some special circumstances they host important mineral deposits, of, for example, tungsten, tin or uranium, commonly associated with granites
- they can be explored as ornamental stone
=Modes of occurrence=
In terms of modes of occurrence, igneous rocks can be either intrusive (plutonic) or extrusive (effusive). Intrusive rocks crystallize within the crust interior. Extrusive rocks are the result of volcanic eruptions and, therefore, solidify in atmospheric conditions. =Texture=
The most important distinction in igneous rocks textures is related to grain size. Phaneritic rocks contain minerals with grains (crystals) visible to the unaided eye and are commonly intrusive (as the slower cooling rates allow the formation of large crystals). In the extreme, such rocks may contain extremely large crystals, in which case they are termed pegmatitic. In extrusive rocks, where cooling is much more rapid, the individual mineral crystals are usually not visible and these rocks are termed aphanitic. Porphyritic textures are an intermediate situation between the previous two: the groundmass of the rock has an aphanitic texture, but crystals (termed in this particular occurrence as phenocrystals) are visible to unaided eye. If a molten magma cools at extremely high rates, allowing no crystallization, the result is a vulcanic glass called obsidian. Crystal shapes are also an important feature in defining correct igneous textures. They can be:
- Euedral, if the crystallographic shape is preserved
- Subeuedral, if only part is preserved
- Anedral, if the crystal presents no recognizable crystallographic direction
=Chemical composition=
Igneous rocks can be subdivided according to two main chemical parameters:
Note that light coloured rocks, such as limestone or sandstone cannot be classified as felsic, because their origin is not igneous, is sedimentary.
- contents of silica:
- acid igneous rocks present a high silica content (ex: granite)
- basic igneous rocks have low silica content (ex: basalt)
- intermediate igneous rocks
- contents of quartz, alkali feldspar and feldspatoids: the felsic minerals
- felsic rock, with predominance of felsic minerals; these rocks (ex: granite) are usually light coloured
- mafic rock, with predominance of mafic minerals (all other minerals, excluding the felsic); these rocks (ex: basalt) are usually dark coloured
- ultramaphic rock, with more that 90% of mafic minerals (ex: dunite))
The following table is a simple subdivision of igneous rocks according both to their composition and mode of occurrence.
Composition Mode of occurrence Acid Intermediate Basic Extrusive Granite Diorite Gabbro Intrusive Rhyolite Andesite Basalt
=Geometry of the igneous body=
Igneous rocks can also classified according to the shape and size of the intrusive body and its relation to the other formations into which it intrudes. Typical intrusive formations are batholiths, laccoliths, sills and dikes. The extrusive types usually are called lavas.
=Example of classification=
Granite is an igneous, intrusive rock (crystallyzed at depth), with felsic acid composition (rich in silica and with more tha 10% of felsic minerals) and phaneritic, subeuedral texture (minerals are visible for the unaided eye and some of them retain original crystallographic shapes).
See also: List of minerals, List of rocks
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Igneous rock."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mōkōlea Rock in Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
2.2 km off North Beach, MCBH
(Click here to enlarge image)An islet is a small island. A rock, a sometime synonym for a type of "islet", is a landform comprised of rock, lying offshore, having no or minimal vegetation, and uninhabited (see Mōkōlea Rock at left).
An exposed sandbar would be another type of islet. A more technical application is to small land features, isolated by water, laying off the shore of a larger island. And in related fashion, any emergent land on an atoll (a type of island) would also be called an islet.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Islet."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Musical genres are categories which contain music which share a certain style or which have certain elements in common.See also musical form.
Some genres, such as Indian music, are geographically defined; others, like Baroque music, are largely defined by chronology. Still others, such as Barbershop, are defined by quite precise technical requirements. Some genres, however, are quite vague, and may be contrived by critics; post-rock, for example, is a term devised and defined by Simon Reynolds.
To some extent, all attempts to categorise music will have a degree of artificiality to them, because musicians tend to produce music in any style they choose, without concerning themselves with which genre they are working in. Some people feel that the categorization of music into genres is worse than useless. John Zorn, for example, a musician whose work has covered a wide range of genres, wrote in Arcana: musicians on music that genres are tools used to "commodify and commercialize an artist's complex personal vision", implying that oftentimes, genres represent efforts at marketing rather than actual musical distinctions. Other artists feel that it is the artist's fault themselves for making a body of work that can be put into a shared class easily with others.
Dividing music by genre is still widely done, however, making it easier to trace threads through music history, and increasing the ease with which individuals find artists that they enjoy.
Related Lists
To track down information about a specific genre see the following lists:
- List of musical genres
- List of musicians by genre
Overview of Main Groupings
Although there are many individual genres, it is possible to group these together into a number of overlapping major groupings. The rest of this page attempts to do that for a number of widely agreed areas.
These definitions are relatively short and simple, referring to further articles as needed.
Classical music (or art music)
The term classical music refers to a number of different, but related, genres. Without any qualification, the usual meaning of "classical music" in the English language is European classical music (an older usage describes specifically the Western art music of the Classical Music Era). It can also refer to the classical (or art) music of non-Western cultures such as Indian classical music or Chinese classical music.
In a Western context, classical music is generally a classification covering music composed and performed by professionally-trained artists with strong theoretical background behind them, and relatively rigidly programmed. Art music is a term widely used to describe classical music and other serious forms of artistic musical expression, Western or non-Western, especially referring to serious music composed after 1950.
Jazz
Jazz is a musical form that grew out of of a cross-fertilization of folk blues, ragtime, and European music, particularly band music. It has been called the first art form to develop in the United States of America.
Country music
Country music is usually used to refer to honky tonk today. Emerging in the 1930s in the United States, honky tonk country was strongly influenced by the blues, as well as jug bands (which can not be properly called honky tonk). In the 1950s, country achieved great mainstream success by adding elements of rock and roll; this was called rockabilly. In addition, Western swing added influences from swing and bluegrass emerged as a largely underground phenomenon. Later in the decade, the Nashville sound, a highly polished form of country music, became very popular. In reaction to this, harder-edged, gritty musicians sprung up in Bakersfield, California, inventing the Bakersfield sound. Merle Haggard and similar artists brought the Bakersfield sound to mainstream audiences in the 1960s, while Nashville started churning out countrypolitan. During the 1970s, the most popular genre was outlaw country, a heavily rock-influenced style. The late 1980s saw the Urban Cowboys bring about an influx of pop-oriented stars during the 1990s. Modern bluegrass music has remained mostly traditional, though progressive bluegrass and close harmony groups do exist, and the sound is the primary basis for jam bands like the Grateful Dead.
Soul music
Soul music emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s as an outgrowth of gospel and rock and roll. It was immediately popular, and splintered in many disparate genres, including blue eyed soul (performed by white musicians), brown eyed soul (performed by Latino musicians), Motown (Detroit-based Motown Records), southern soul and swamp pop. Boy bands and girl groups were also popular, primarily as teen idols playing an extremely watered-down version of soul called bubblegum pop. In the latter part of the decade, several regional styles emerged -- Chicago, Memphis, Philadelphia and St. Louis soul were extremely popular. Musicians like James Brown also started adding greater rock influences, forming funk, while Smokey Robinson and others helped invent Quiet Storm in the 1970s. Until the late 1990s, New Jack Swing was extremely popular among mainstream audiences. In the middle of the decade, a new breed of 70s-oriented soul singers emerged, including Lauryn Hill and D'Angelo; this is called nu soul.
Punk music
The term "punk music" can only rarely be applied uncontroversially. Perhaps the only bands always considered "punk" are the first wave of punk bands, such as the Clash and the Ramones. Before this, however, a series of underground musicians helped define the music throughout the 1970s -- see Forerunners of punk music. After 70s ended, punk had evolved into several genres which can be grouped into three categories -- hardcore punk, New Wave and alternative rock.
Hardcore punk music kept the raw, visceral energy of the original punk bands. In the 1980s, reggae influences resulted in a fusion called ska punk, while another group of party bands became known as oi. During the 1990s, some more styles emerged, including straight edge, and queercore, based around subcultures -- straight edge and homosexuals, respectively. Psychobilly (see also cow punk) also emerged, fusing punk with rockabilly and other kinds of country music. In addition, emo (or emocore) had appeared by the 90s, characterized by slower beats, dreamy vocals and angst-ridden lyrics.
New Wave was the most popular genre of punk music, dominating the charts during the early 1980s. Varieties included Neue Deutsche Welle, synth pop, dream pop and the New Romantics. Of these, the most popular was synth pop, though the most critically accepted groups were the underground dream pop bands. In the 1980s, dream pop evolved into many of the most popular genres of the 1990s. This occurred primarily in Britain, with styles like jangle pop (and the Paisley Underground) and noise pop (and, later, twee pop, shoegazing). All of these styles (along with psychedelic music) contributed to the popular emergence of Britpop in the middle of the decade.
Keeping the anti-corporate stance of punk music, alternative rock is a broad grouping, referring to multiple styles. The earliest genres were noise pop, post-rock and Gothic rock. These bands were unable to break into the mainstream, though they influenced many of the 1980s' most popular groups. By the end of the decade, post rock had developed into math rock, while other genres like Riot Grrl, slowcore (aka sadcore or shoegazing) and grunge music. During the early 1990s, grunge music broke into the mainstream in a big way. With "alternative" now mainstream, other bands began referring to themselves as indie rock.
Reggae, dub and related forms
In Jamaica during the 1950s, American R&B was most popular, though mento (a form of folk music) was more common in rural areas. A fusion of the two styles, along with soca and other genres, formed ska, an extremely popular form of music intended for dancing. In the 1960s, reggae and dub emerged from ska and American rock and roll.
Starting the late 1960s, a rock-influenced form of music began developing -- this was called rocksteady. With some folk influences (both Jamaican and American), and the growing urban popularity of Rastafarianism, rocksteady evolved into what is now known as roots reggae. In the 1970s, a style called Lovers rock became popular primarily in the United Kingdom by British performers of ballad-oriented reggae music.
Dub emerged in Jamaica when sound system DJs began taking away the vocals from songs so that people could dance to the beat alone. Soon, pioneers like King Tubby and Lee Scratch Perry began adding new vocals over the old beats; the lyrics were rhythmic and rhyme-heavy. After the popularity of reggae died down in the early 1980s, derivatives of dub dominated the Jamaican charts. These included ragga and dancehall, both of which remained popular in Jamaica alone until the mainstream breakthrough of American gangsta rap (which evolved out of dub musicians like DJ Kool Herc moving to American cities). Ragga especially now has many devoted followers throughout the world.
Rock and roll
Rock and roll is a confusing term with multiple definitions. It can be used strictly, referring to very little music recorded after the early 1960s, or broadly, to refer to almost all popular music recorded since the early 1950s. It arose from multiple genres in the late 1940s, most importantly the jump blues. It was first popularized by performers like Bill Haley and Elvis Presley, who fused the sound with country music, resulting in rockabilly. In addition, gospel music and a related genre, R&B (rhythm and blues), emerged later in the decade. R&B soon became on of the most popular genres, with girl groups, garage rock and surf rock most popular in the US, while harder, more blues-oriented musicians became popular in the UK, which soon developed into British blues, merseybeat, mod and skiffle. Starting the mid-1960s, a group of British bands that played variations on American R&B-influenced blues became popular on both sides of the Atlantic -- the British Invasion, a catchall term for multiple genres. These groups, including the Beatles, fused the earlier sounds with Appalachian folk music, forming folk rock, as well as a variety of less-popular genres, including the soon-to-be dominant singer-songwriter tradition. Early heavy metal and punk rock bands formed in this period, though these genres did not emerge as such for several years. The most popular genre of the British Invasion was psychedelic music, which slowly morphed into bluegrass-influenced jam bands like The Grateful Dead and ornate, classically-influenced progressive rock bands. Merseybeat and mod groups like The Yardbirds and The Who soon evolved into hard rock, which, in the early 1970s specialized into a gritty sound called glam rock, as well as a mostly underground phenomenon called power pop. In the early to mid-1970s, singer-songwriters and pop musicians dominated the charts, though punk rock and krautrock also developed, and some success was achieved by southern rock and roots rock performers, which fused modern techniques with a more traditionalist sound.
Hip hop
Hip hop began in inner cities in the US in the 1970s. The earliest recordings, primarily from the early 1980s, are now referred to as old school rap. In the later part of the decade, regional styles developed. East Coast rap, based out of New York City, was by far the most popular as rap began to break into the mainstream. West Coast rap, based out of Los Angeles, was by far less popular until 1992, when Dr. Dre's The Chronic revolutioned the West Coast sound, using slow, stoned, lazy beats in what came to be called G Funk. Soon after, a host of other regional styles became popular, most notably Southern rap, based out of Atlanta and New Orleans, primarily. Atlanta based performers like OutKast soon developed their own distinct sound, which came to be known as Dirty South. As hip hop became more popular in the mid-1990s, alternative rap gained in popularity among critics and long-time fans of the music.
De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising (1989) was perhaps the first "alternative rap" blockbuster, and helped develop a specific style called jazz rap, characterized by the use of live instrumentation and/or jazz samples. Other less popular forms of hip hop include various non-American varieties; Japan, Britain, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and Turkey have vibrant hip hop communities. In Puerto Rico, a style called reggaeton is popular. Electro hip hop was invented in the 1980s, but is distinctly different from most old school hip hop (as is go go, another old style). Some other genres have been created by fusing hip hop with techno (trip hop) and heavy metal (rapcore). In the late 1980s, Miami's hip hop scene was characterized by bass-heavy grooves designed for dancing -- Miami bass music. There are also rappers with Christian themes in the lyrics -- this is Christian hip hop.
Electronic dance music
Although many artists in the 50s and 60s created pure electronic music with pop structures, fully formed electronic dance music as we know it today really emerged in 1977 with Giorgio Moroder's From Here to Eternity album. There are now many subgenres of electronic music, these include: techno (mechanical sounding dance music featuring little melody and more noise), trance music (with a distinct style of instrumentation and focused on more complex chord progressions and melodies), Goa trance (spawning from industrial music and tribal dance, focusing on creating psychedelic sound effects within the songs), house music (fully electronic disco music), big beat (using older drum loops and more melodic elements sampled and looped), drum and bass (an offshoot of hardcore and Jamaican dancehall, utilizing quick tempos with sampled break beats, most notably the amen break and the funky drummer), gabber or gabba, (a Dutch development on techno, which features extremely high tempos and lots of overdrive and distortion on the music, especially the base drum being distorted into a square wave tone), happy hardcore (a more palatable version of Gabba, fusing elements of drum and bass as well).
Electronic dance music is often composed to fit easily into a live DJ set.
Electronica
Electronic music that does not fall into the techno or dance categories are often referred to as "left-field", or "electronica". These styles include ambient, downtempo, illbient and trip-hop (among countless others, see list of electronic music genres), which are all related in that they usually rely more on their atmospheric qualities than electronic dance music, and make use of slower, more subtle tempos, sometimes excluding rhythm completely.
IDM (an abbreviation for intelligent dance music) is an elusive and confusing genre classification that can only be truly defined by flagbearers and flagburners like Aphex Twin and Autechre.
All electronic music owes at least its historical existence to early pioneers of tape experiments known as Musique concrete, as well as experimental synthesists like John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen. (See electronic art music).
Melodic Music
Melodic Music is a term that covers various genres of non-classical music which are primarily characterised by the dominance of a single strong melody line. Rhythm, tempo and beat are subordinate to the melody line or tune, which is generally easily memorable, and followed without great difficulty. Melodic music is found in all parts of the world, overlapping many genres, and may be performed by a singer or orchestra, or a combination of the two.
In the west, melodic music has developed largely from folk song sources, and been heavily influenced by classical music in its development and orchestration. In many areas the border line between classical and melodic popular music is imprecise. Opera is generally considered to be a classical form. The lighter operetta is considered borderline, whilst stage and film musicals and musical comedy are firmly placed in the popular melodic category. The reasons for much of this are largely historical.
Other major categories of melodic music include music hall and vaudeville, which, along with the ballad, grew out of European folk music. Orchestral dance musicdeveloped from localised forms such as the jig, polka and waltz, but with the admixture of latin american, negro blues and ragtime influences, it diversified into coumtless sub-genres such as big band, cabaretand swing. More specialised forms of melodic music include military music and religious music.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Musical genre."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock can be any of the following:
- In geology, a rock is a substance composed of minerals and classified according to mineral composition.
- In music, rock is a short form for the phrase "rock and roll", but also refers to a harder form of music derived from rock and roll. Like other music styles it has several lifestyles attached to it. See rock band.
- A small offshore islet lacking or with minimal soil.
- The Rock is slang for Alcatraz, a federal prison in San Francisco Bay, and about which an action movie was produced in 1995; see The Rock
- Rock is a confectionery made and sold in many of the UK's seaside holiday resorts. As the character Ida says in Graham Greene's novel Brighton Rock, "It's like those sticks of rock: bite it all the way down, you'll still read Brighton."
- Slang for a jewel, usually understood to be a diamond. As in, "Did you get a load of that rock on her finger."
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock is a confectionery made and sold in many of the UK's seaside holiday resorts. It is made from sugar with colouring and flavouring, and formed into sticks about 1/2 inch (12mm) in diameter and 12 inches (300mm) long. It is usually made with the name of the resort formed inside the stick, so that the name can be read on one end of the stick and remains legible even when pieces are bitten off.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock (candy)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock is a substance composed of minerals and classified according to mineral composition. Rocks are generally classified by the processes that formed them, and are thus separated into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from molten magma, sedimentary rocks by deposition and compression of particulate matter, and metamorphic rocks by either of the first two categories after being changed by the effects of temperature and pressure. In cases where organic material leaves behind an imprint of itself in rock, the result is known as a fossil.
See also:
- List of rocks
- List of minerals and stone types
- List of stone
- Quarrying
- Rock used in sculpting.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock (geology)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock and Roll, also called Rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony backing), electric guitarss (and saxophone in the early days) and a strong back beat. Rock and Roll emerged as a defined musical style in America in the 1950s, though elements of rock and roll can be seen in rhythm and blues records as far back as the 1920s. Early rock and roll combined elements of blues, boogie woogie, jazz and rhythm and blues, and is also influenced by traditional folk music, gospel music, black and white, and country and western. Going back even further, Rock and Roll can trace a direct lineage to the old Five Points district of mid-1800s New York City, the scene of the first fusion between heavily rhythmic African shuffles and sand dances with melody driven European genres, particularly the Irish jig.
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Rocking was a term first used by gospel singers in the American South to mean something akin to spiritual rapture. A double, ironic, meaning came to popular awareness in 1947 in blues artist Roy Brown's song "Good Rocking Tonight" (also covered the next year by Wynonie Harris in an even wilder version), in which "rocking" was ostensibly about dancing but was in fact a thinly-veiled allusion to sex. Such double-entendres were nothing new in blues music (which was mostly limited in exposure to jukeboxes and clubs) but were new to the radio airwaves. After the success of "Good Rocking Tonight" many other rhythm and blues artists used similar titles through the late 1940s including a song called "Rock and Roll" recorded by Wild Bill Moore in 1949. These songs were relegated to "race music" (the music industry code name for rhythm and blues) outlets and were barely known by mainstream white audiences. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed would begin playing this type of music for his white audience, and it is Freed who is credited with coining the phrase "rock and roll" to describe the rollicking R&B music that he brought to the airwaves. The term, with its simultaneous allusions to dancing, sex, and the sound of the music itself, stuck even with those who didn't absorb all the meanings.
History and Milestones
Early North American rock and roll (1953-1963)
According to some, notably music historian Peter Guralnick, the first rock and roll record was "Rocket 88", by Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats (written by 19-year-old Ike Turner also the session leader) and recorded by Sam Phillips for the Sun Records label, in 1951. Many other records recorded in the same period are also contenders for this title. Others have pointed to the later broad commercial success with white audiences of Chuck Berry's "Maybellene" or "Rock Around the Clock" by Bill Haley and his Comets as true starting points. Still others point out that performers like Fats Domino were recording blues songs as early as 1949 that are indistinguishable from later rock and roll, and that these blues songs were based on themes, chord changes, and rhythms dating back decades before that.
Whatever the starting point, it is clear that rock and roll appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United States were coming to the surface. African-Americans were protesting segregation of schools and public facilities. The "separate but equal" doctrine was overturned in 1954. It can hardly be a coincidence, then, that a musical form combining elements of white and black music should arise, and that this music should provoke strong reactions, of all types, in all Americans.
Through the late 1940s and early 1950s, rhythm and blues music had been gaining a stronger beat and a wilder style, with artists such as Fats Domino and Johnny Otis speeding up the tempos and increasing the backbeat to great popularity on the juke-joint circuit. Despite the pioneering efforts of Freed and others, black music was still taboo on many white-owned radio outlets. However, savvy artists and producers quickly recognized the popularity and potential of rock and roll and raced to cash in with white versions of this black music. Black performers saw their songs recorded by white performers, an important step in the dissemination of the music, but often at the cost of feeling and authenticity. Most famously, Pat Boone recorded sanitized versions of Little Richard songs (Little Richard retaliated by getting wilder, creating in "Long Tall Sally", a song so intense that Boone couldn't find a way to cover it). Similarly, Ricky Nelson recorded Fats Domino. Later, as those songs became popular, the original artists' recordings received radio play as well (though this seldom resulted in any renumeration to the original artists). The cover versions were not necessarily straightforward imitations. For example, Bill Haley's bowdlerized cover of "Shake, Rattle and Roll" transformed Joe Turner's humorous and racy song into an energetic teen dance number, while Georgia Gibbs replaced Etta James's sarcastic vocal in "Roll With Me, Henry" (covered as "Dance With Me, Henry") with a perkier vocal more appropriate for an audience unfamiliar with the song which James's song was an answer to (Hank Ballard's "Work With Me, Annie").
On March 21, 1952 in Cleveland, Alan Freed produced the first rock and roll concert. The audience and the performers were mixed in race and the evening ended after one song in a near-riot as thousands of fans tried to get into the sold-out venue. Rock and roll was clearly here to stay.
At the same time that R&B was turning into rock and roll, country and western music was undergoing a similar transformation to faster tempos and more aggressive playing. In music-oriented cities such as Memphis, Tennessee country and blues music producers such as Sam Phillips would combine this "hillbilly" music with the driving rhythm of rock and roll and rockabilly was born. In 1954, a young man named Elvis Presley would come into Phillips' studio with a request to record a disc for his mother. Recognizing talent in the shy young man, Phillips arranged to have Elvis record some ballads with professional musicians, but that date quickly turned into a jam session as Elvis sang the R&B songs he loved. Elvis' first release for Phillips' Sun Records, That's All Right Mama became the first rockabilly hit and established Elvis as the first true rock and roll star.
DooWop, Girl Groups, and Teen Idols
The British Invasion (1963-1967)
American Rock and roll had an impact across the globe, perhaps most intensely in Britain, where record collecting and trend-watching were in full bloom among the youth culture prior to the rock era, and where color barriers were less of an issue. Countless British youths listened to and were influenced by the R&B and rock and roll pioneers and began forming their own bands to play the new music with an intensity and drive seldom found in white American acts outside of Elvis. By the early 1960s, bands from England were dominating the rock and roll scene world wide, giving rock and roll a new focus. First re-recording standard American tunes, these bands then infused their original rock and roll compositions with an industrial-class sensibility. Although they were not the first British band to come to America, The Beatles spearheaded the Invasion, triumphing in the U.S. on their first visit in 1964 (including historic appearances on the Ed Sullivan Show). In the wake of Beatlemania other British bands headed to the U.S., notably The Rolling Stones, who disdained the Beatles' clean-cut image and presented a darker, more aggressive image, the The Animals and The Yardbirds. Other British bands, including The Who and The Kinks, would have some success during this period but save their peak of popularity for the second wave of British invasion in the late 1960s.
1960s Garage Rock
The British Invasion spawned a wave of imitators in the U.S.A. and across the globe. Many of these bands were cruder than the bands they tried to emulate. Playing mainly to local audiences and recording cheaply, very few of these bands broke through to a higher level of success. This movement, later known as Garage Rock, gained a new audience when record labels started re-issuing compilations of the original singles; the best known of these is a series called Nuggets. Some of the better known band of this genre include The Sonics, Question Mark (?) and the Mysterians, and The Standells.
Surf Music and the California Sound
The rockabilly sound reached the West coast and mutated into a wild, mostly instrumental sound called surf music. This style, exemplified by Dick Dale and The Surfaris, featured faster tempos, innovative percussion, and processed electric guitar sounds which would be highly influential upon future rock guitarists. Other West coast bands, notably the Beach Boys and Jan and Dean, would capitalize on the surf craze, slowing the tempos back down and adding harmony vocals to create the "California Sound".
Motown and the power of Soul
Psychedelia, Progressive Rock and Woodstock (1968-1974)
As part of the societal ferment in North America and Europe generally, rock and roll changed and diversivied in a number of subtle and not-so-subtle ways.
- As early as the mid-1960s, the image of rock and roll became less like previous musical forms. The Rolling Stones are credited with being the first band to dispense with band uniforms; band members simply wore whatever clothes they wished, and these clothes were often outlandish or controversial. Hair styles also became longer and less tamed. As trivial as these changes may sound today, this break from tradition was shocking to audiences used to clean-cut musical groups in matching suits.
- The music took on a greater social awareness; it was not just about dancing and smooching anymore, but took on themes of social justice. The counter-culture that was emerging (partly as a reaction to the Vietnam War) adopted rock and roll as its defining feature, and the music began to be heavily influenced by the various drugs that the youth culture was experimenting with. In America, Psychedelic rock influenced and was influenced by the drug scene, and featured long, often improvised jams and wild electronic sounds. Jimi Hendrix, The Jefferson Airplane, and the Grateful Dead were leading practicioners of psychedelia. A more esoteric form of British psychedelia is exemplified by the Soft Machine, who accompanied Hendrix on his first U.S. tour.
- The culmination of rock and roll as a socially-unifying force was seen in the rock festivals of the late '60s, the most famous of which was Woodstock which began as a three-day arts and music festival and turned into a "happening", as hundreds of thousands of youthful fans converged on the site.
- The music itself broadened past the guitar-bass-drum format; while some bands had used saxophones and keyboards before, now acts like The Beach Boys and The Beatles (and others following their lead) experimented with new instruments including wind sections, string sections, and full orchestration. Many bands moved well beyond three-minute tunes with simple verse-chorus arrangements into highly experimental and diverse forms. Some critics differentiate this more sophisticated and matured form by referring to it simply as 'rock' (as opposed to rock and roll).
- A second wave of British bands and artists gained great popularity during this period dominant; these bands typically were more directly steeped in American blues music than their more pop-oriented predecessors but their performances took a highly amplified, often spectacular form. Cream and Led Zeppelin were early practicioners of this heavy-blues form and were followed by heavier rock bands including Black Sabbath and Deep Purple. This style of rock would come to be known as heavy metal music.
- Musicians with classical and formal music backgrounds, including Yes, King Crimson and Emerson, Lake, and Palmer began to play rock music, placing a greater emphasis on musicianship and composition, sometimes dispensing with the raw energy and power that characterized earlier manifestations of rock music. This genre became known as progressive rock, and at its most advanced and complex, was hardly recognizable as anything related to the early years of rock and roll. The first synthesizers appeared during this period, and were adopted by some progressive bands, notably Pink Floyd and ELP.
Dance Music: Disco and Its Relations
As the idealism of the 1960s waned, some music became danceable again. The "Theme from Shaft" by Isaac Hayes, released in 1971, heralded what became known as disco music. Disco music was producer-driven music that was popular in places such as Studio 54 and other discotheques of the period. By 1980, a disco backlash occurred as the fad died down.
Punk and New Wave: Return to Basics (1976-1981)
Punk rock started off as a reaction to the lush, producer-driven sounds of disco, and against the commercialism of most progressive rock. Early punk borrowed heavily from the garage band ethic: played by bands for which expert musicianship was not a requirement, punk was stripped-down, three-chord music that could be played easily. Many of these bands also intended to shock mainstream society, rejecting the "peace and love" image of the prior musical rebellion of the 1960s which had degenerated, punks thought, into mellow disco culture.
Punk rose to public awareness nearly simultaneously in Britain with the Sex Pistols and in America with the Ramones.
The Sex Pistols chose aggressive stage names (including "Johnny Rotten" and "Sid Vicious") and did their best to live up to them, deliberately rejecting anything that symbolized "hippies": long hair, soft music, loose clothing, and liberal politics, and displaying an anarchic, often confrontational, stage presence (well represented on their debut single "Anarchy in the UK". Their second single release, "God Save The Queen" was a scathing polemic against British traditions ane mores. Despite an airplay ban on the BBC the record rose to the top chart position in the UK. The Sex Pistols paved the way for The Clash, whose approach was less nihilistic but more overtly political and idealistic.
The Ramones (whose first album was actually released months before "God Save the Queen") exemplified the American side of punk: equally aggressive but mostly apolitical, more alienated, and not above (often illicit and self-destructive) fun for its own sake. The Ramones reigned as the kings of the New York punk scene, which also included Richard Hell and Television, and centered around rough-and tumble clubs, notably CBGB, a former bluegrass venue in Manhattan taken over by punks after the owner began booking punk bands on off nights. Punk was mostly an East-coast phenomenon in the US until the late 1970s when Los Angeles-based bands such as X and Black Flag broke through to wide recognition.
Punk rock attracted devotees from the art and collegiate world and soon bands sporting a more literate, arty approach, such as the Talking Heads and Devo began to infiltrate the punk scene; in some quarters the description New Wave began to be used to differentiate these less overtly punk bands.
If punk rock was a social and musical phenomenon, it garnered little in the way of record sales (small specialty labels such as Stiff Records had released much of the punk music to date) or American radio airplay, as the radio scene continued to be dominated by mainstream formats such as disco and Album-Oriented Rock. Record executives, who had been mostly mystified by the punk movement, recognized the potential of the more accessible New Wave acts and began aggressively signing and marketing any band that could claim a remote connection to Punk or New Wave. Many of these bands, such as The Cars and The Go-Gos were essentially pop bands dressed up in New Wave regalia; others, including The Police and The Pretenders managed to parlay the boost of the New Wave movement into long-lived and artistically lauded careers.
Punk and post-punk bands would continue to appear sporadically, but as a musical scene, punk had largely self-destructed and been subsumed into mainstream new-wave pop by the mid-1980s, but the influence of punk has been substantial. The Grunge-rock movement of the late 1980s owes much to punk, and many current mainstream bands claim punk rock as their stylistic heritage. Punk also bred other genres, including hardcore, industrial music, and goth.
Long Hair Still Rocks: Metal resurgence (1978-1988)
The early 1980s saw a resurgence of highly commercial, slickly-produced hard rock designed to go over in arenas and stadiums. Key acts from the '80s metal resurgence include:
- Def Leppard
- Van Halen
- Bon Jovi
- Guns 'n Roses
Grunge and the anti-corporate rock movement (1988-1995)
Current (1995-present)
With the death of grunge-rock pioneer Kurt Cobain, rock and roll music searched for a new face, sound, and trend. In 1995, Canadian pop star Alanis Morissette released Jagged Little Pill, a major hit that featured blunt, personally-revealing lyrics, and spawning a wave of late 90s confessional female rock releases by artists including Jewel, Tori Amos, Fiona Apple, and Liz Phair.
The late 1990s brought about a wave of mergers and consolidations among media companies and radio stations such as the Clear Channel Communications conglomerate. Critics contend this has resulted in a homogenization of music available and the creation of artificially-hyped acts. In the early 2000s the entire music industry was shaken by claims of massive theft of music rights using file-sharing tools such as Napster, resulting in lawsuits against private file-sharers by the recording industry group the RIAA.
Social Impacts
From its beginnings, rock and roll has been associated with youth, rebellion, and anti-establishmentism. The combination of black influences, suggestive lyrics, and wild response by the younger set made rock and roll shocking and threatening to the older generation. The ability to shock the elders in turn became part of the appeal of the music to young people. Attempts to control the influence of rock often turned comical; after several previous television appearances became controversial, Elvis Presley was famously shown from the waist up (to avoid offending viewers with his suggestive hip swivels) on the Ed Sullivan show in 1956. Hollywood was quick to capitalize on the trend, turning out a series of rock-and-roll themed exploitation films designed to thrill teenagers and horrify adults.
As the original generations of rock and roll fans matured, rock music became an accepted and deeply-interwoven thread in popular culture. Beginning in the early 1970's, rock songs and acts began to be used regularly in television commercials; starting in the 1980s rock music was often featured in film and television program soundtracks. While mainstream rock music was no longer able to shock or offend, new forms of music, particularly Punk rock and Rap emerged to fill this role; people who as youths delighted in the effect rock and roll had on their parents found themselves railing in a similar fashion against their children's music.
Unclassifiable, non-commercial music forms have always played an important part in the evolution of rock music. An ever-expanding group of British musicians known collectively as the Canterbury Scene, largely because there is no other way to classify them, are an example of a relatively unknown, cultish trend in music that is very influential but flies below the cultural radar of all but the most adventurous music fans. A combination of jazz, psychedelia, Dada, John Cage, and other art and literary references, fused reluctantly into a 60s and 70s rock framework, is characterized by bands such as the early Soft Machine and Gong, who, in retrospect, can be said to have pioneered trends such as World Music and experimental music. Audiences for this type of cross-genre experimentation, both live and in recordings, are larger in Europe than the U.S., although in recent years, the popularization of Punk and Rap have opened traditionally mainstream minds to new forms of expression within the rock idiom.
Rock and Fashion
Rock music and fashion have also been inextricably linked. The tough, leather-clad image of early rockers such as Wayne Cochran in the U.S. and the Rolling Stones in the UK influenced a generation of young people on both sides of the ocean. A cultural war broke out in the late 1960s in the UK over the rivalry between the "Mods" (who favored high-fashion, expensive styles) and the "Rockers" (who wore T-shirts and leather); followers of each style had their favored musical acts, who eagerly fed into the conflict by releasing records praising one style and disparging another (the Mods versus Rockers controversy would form the backdrop for The Who's rock opera Quadrophenia). Rock musicians were early adopters of hippie fashion and introduced such styles as the Nehru jacket; bands such as the Beatles had custom-made clothing that influenced much of '60s style. As rock music genres became more segmented, what an artist wore became as important as the music itself in defining the intent and relationship to the audience. In the late 1970s, Disco acts helped bring flashy urban styles to the mainstream, while New Wave groups began wearing mock-conservative attire (including suit jackets and skinny ties) in an attempt to be as unlike mainstream rockers (who still favored blue jeans and hippie-influenced clothes) as possible.
The "Sell Out" dilemma
Rock musicians and fans have consistently struggled with the paradox of "selling out" -- to be considered "authentic", rock music must keep a certain distance from the establishment and its constructs; however certain compromises must be made in order to become successful and to make music available to the public. This dilemma has created friction between musicians and fans, with some bands going to great lengths to avoid the appearance of "selling out" (while still finding ways to make a lucrative living).
See also:
- Record producer
- Rock and roll anthem
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- Rock and roll/performers
- Rock band
- Rock opera
- Music critics
- Popular Music and Popular Music/Performers
- Hard rock
- Glam rock
- Punk rock
- Progressive rock
- Gothic rock
- Instrumental rock
- Power trio
- World Music
- Alternative rock
- List of years in music
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock and roll."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock band is a generic name to describe a group of musicians specialising in a particular form of electronically amplified music. Deriving its name from the musical style which was its immediate progenitor, rock and roll, the type of music played by rock bands has its roots deeply steeped in both rock and roll, and its immediate forebear, rhythm and blues. A rock band tends to have a heavy focus on certain instruments principally electric guitar, bass guitar, and drums. Later in the 1960s, certain rock bands such as Pink Floyd and Hawkwind experimented with electric organs and synthesisers. Other instruments deployed within the context of a rock band include the electric violin, as used by Curved Air and the flute played by Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull.Many early rock bands were in the vanguard of psychedelic music and the complexities arising largely led to rock music becoming a generic term broader than "rock and roll".
See also: list of rock and roll performers, list of popular music performers, musical genres
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock band."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock is a town located in Rock County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 3,338.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 77.8 km² (30.0 mi²). 76.5 km² (29.5 mi²) of it is land and 1.3 km² (0.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.70% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 3,338 people, 1,304 households, and 903 families residing in the town. The population density is 43.6/km² (113.0/mi²). There are 1,358 housing units at an average density of 17.8/km² (46.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 95.48% White, 1.20% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 1.08% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. 2.10% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,304 households out of which 31.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% are married couples living together, 10.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% are non-families. 22.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.52 and the average family size is 2.93. In the town the population is spread out with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $46,151, and the median income for a family is $54,868. Males have a median income of $35,000 versus $24,789 for females. The per capita income for the town is $20,635. 5.5% of the population and 2.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.7% are under the age of 18 and 7.3% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock, Rock County, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:
*Rock, Rock County, Wisconsin
*Rock, Wood County, WisconsinSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rock is a town located in Wood County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 856.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 89.5 km² (34.5 mi²). 89.4 km² (34.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.12% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 856 people, 291 households, and 238 families residing in the town. The population density is 9.6/km² (24.8/mi²). There are 316 housing units at an average density of 3.5/km² (9.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 99.65% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.12% from two or more races. 0.23% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 291 households out of which 43.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.6% are married couples living together, 3.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 17.9% are non-families. 13.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.94 and the average family size is 3.26. In the town the population is spread out with 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $45,114, and the median income for a family is $47,361. Males have a median income of $29,833 versus $27,734 for females. The per capita income for the town is $18,783. 5.1% of the population and 3.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.9% are under the age of 18 and 8.3% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rock, Wood County, Wisconsin."
Synonyms: RockSynonyms: careen (n), rock and roll (n), rock candy (n), rock music (n), rock 'n' roll (n), rock-and-roll (n), rock'n'roll (n), stone (n), tilt (n), cradle (v), shake (v), sway (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Evolution | Verb: oscillate; vibrate, librate; alternate, undulate, wave; rock, swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play; wamble, wabble; dangle, swag. |
Hardness | Stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. |
Jewelry | Diamond, brilliant, rock; beryl, emerald; chalcedony, agate, heliotrope; girasol, girasole; onyx, plasma; sard, sardonyx; garnet, lapis lazuli, opal, peridot, tourmaline, chrysolite; sapphire, ruby, synthetic ruby; spinel, spinelle; balais; oriental, oriental topaz; turquois, turquoise; zircon, cubic zirconia; jacinth, hyacinth, carbuncle, amethyst; alexandrite, cat's eye, bloodstone,diamond, brilliant, rock; beryl, emerald; chalcedony, agate, heliotrope; girasol, girasole; onyx, plasma; sard, sardonyx; garnet, lapis lazuli, opal, peridot, tourmaline, chrysolite; sapphire, ruby, synthetic ruby; spinel, spinelle; balais; oriental, oriental topaz; turquois, turquoise; zircon, cubic zirconia; jacinth, hyacinth, carbuncle, amethyst; alexandrite, cat's eye, bloodstone, hematite, jasper, moonstone, sunstone. |
Land | Soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, cledge, chalk, gravel, mold, subsoil, clod, clot; rock, crag. |
Money | Double eagle, eagle; Federal currency, fractional currency, postal currency; Federal Reserve Note, United States Note, silver certificate, gold certificate; long bit, short bit; moss, nickel, pile, pin money, quarter, red cent, roanoke, rock; seawan, seawant; thousand dollars, grand. |
Stability | Establishment, fixture; rock, pillar, tower, foundation, leopard's spots, Ethiopia's skin. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Rock |
| English words defined with "rock": acid rock, arenaceous rock, argillaceous rock, art rock ♦ Bed rock ♦ Cap rock, crushed rock ♦ igneous rock ♦ Massive rock, metamorphic rock ♦ plutonic rock, porphyritic rock, progressive rock, psychedlic rock, punk rock ♦ Rock alum, rock bass, rock cake, rock climber, rock climbing, rock concert, Rock Cornish, rock dove, rock drill, rock 'n' roll musician, rock opera, rock outcrop, rock plant, rock plover, rock rattlesnake, rock snake, Rock snipe, rock star, Rock thrush, rudaceous rock ♦ Sand rock, sedimentary rock ♦ volcanic rock ♦ wall rock, Weeping rock. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "rock": Trappous. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Rock" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (rock), French (roc, rock), German (dress, dress-coat, evening dress, jacket, kilt, robe, rock, skirt, tails), Italian (rock), Manx (croak, torpedo), Spanish (rock), Swedish (coat, jacket, overall, rock music), Turkish (rock and roll). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I mean, I'm a wheelchair girl now. And it's hard to pretend that I'm a beautiful rock star (The Sweet Hereafter; writing credit: Atom Egoyan) There is no curse in elvish, entish or the tongues of men for such treachery. My business is with Isengard tonight, with a rock and stone (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; writing credit: Frances Walsh) Not unless you can alter time, speed up the harvest or teleport me off this rock. (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas) This is rock and roll (Good Morning, Vietnam; writing credit: Mitch Markowitz) Pick up one of those rocks, get behind a boulder, in a few minutes the man in black will come running around the bend, the minute his head is in view, hit it with the rock! (The Princess Bride; writing credit: William Goldman) | |
Lyrics | Rock The Boat, Rock The Boat (Rock the Boat; performing artist: Aaliyah) And let me lose a rock me right (Rock In A Hard Place (Cheshire Cat); performing artist: Aerosmith) Don’t rock the jukebox (Don't Rock The Jukebox; performing artist: Alan Jackson) I like that old time rock n' roll ("Old Time Rock & Roll"; performing artist: Bob Seger) I remember when rock was young (Crocodile Rock; performing artist: Elton John) | |
Clever | Switzerland is simply a large, lumpy, solid rock with a thin skin of grass stretched over it. (references; author: Mark Twain) Soft rock (references; author: unknown) 1968: Acid Rock. 1998: Acid Reflux. (references; author: unknown) Some Pieces of Rock Hudson Sold at Auction (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Why Rock the Boat? (1974) The London Rock and Roll Show (1973) Schoolhouse Rock (1973) Rock and Roll Shake (1973) Bikinis y rock (1972) | |
Song Titles | Crocodile Rock (performing artist: The Beach Boys) Rock 'N' Roll To The Rescue (performing artist: The Beach Boys) Rock Island Line, The (performing artist: Lonnie Skiffle Group Donegan) Rock & Roll (performing artist: Gary Glitter) ROCK AND ROLL PART 2 (performing artist: Gary Glitter ) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The so-called Richat Structure is a geological formation in the Maur Adrar Desert in the African country of Mauritania. Although it resembles an impact crater, the Richat Structure formed when a volcanic dome hardened and gradually eroded, exposing the onion-like layers of rock. Credit: NASA. |  | "The Rock". Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Camp at Rough Rock Level party of Ernst Stohsner. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Looking south at the base of Haystack Rock at Cannon Beach. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Surf, rock, and spray define Point Lobos. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Looking NW from the top of Galindez Island. 67 15 S Latitude 64 15 W Longitude. The SHACKLETON in a maze of ice and rock. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Looking south at Cannon Beach. Haystack Rock is third from right. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck). Rock hind; Cabra mora. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 11. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch). Rock Beauty; Palmoneta. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 36. Credit: Fisheries. |  | The introduction of toxins into the marine environment have drastic effects on the organisms that live there. This image shows a "normal" rock sole top and a "normal" English sole, bottom. Compare with some of the images that follow. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Urubu on the rock" by Jair Andre Cortina Commentary: "Urubu on the rock. Ilha do Mel (Honey Island) Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil." | "Anchor on rock" by Marko Domagoj Zic Commentary: "Anchor on rock..." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | An upbeat folk rock style piece played by two guitar. | | A rock and pseudo-jazz style piano excerpt. |
| A rock-influenced piece very characteristic of a contemporary rock sound circa 1980's. | | An acoustic guitar playing a series of rock chords and rhythms. |
| A rock style excerpt with prominent piano part. | | A synthesized rock band characteristic of the mid-1980's. |
| A short rock groove style piece with piano melody a la Bruce Hornsby. | | A high-pitched power chord played on an electric guitar; very typical 1980's rock. |
| A synthesizer and electric guitar playing in a rock manner typical of the mid-1980's. | | Rock and roll style snare drum beat. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Homer | A small rock holds back a great wave. |
Lord Alfred Tennyson | No rock so hard but that a little wave may beat admission in a thousand years. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Poetry must be as new as foam and as old as the rock. |
Robert Browning | Oh the wild joys of living! The leaping from rock to rock ... the cool silver shock of the plunge in a pool's living waters. |
Thomas Jefferson | In matters of principals, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current. |
Vance Packard | Rock 'n Roll is monotony tinged with hysteria. |
William M. Evarts | The pious ones of Plymouth who, reaching the Rock, first fell upon their own knees and then upon the aborigines. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | Before we cast away the solid assurances of national armaments for self-preservation we must be certain that our temple is built, not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon the rock. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1927) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Flight to Arras | Antoine de Saint-Exupery | A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile the moment a single man contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | A white spot settling upon a rock does not prevent the condor from hovering above |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | They lay in the water and looked across at the sharp peaks called Needles, and at the white rock mountains of Arizona |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | It was nothing but a rock, with one creek, naturally arched by the force of tempests |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Rock squirrels and their fleas are the most frequent sources of human infection in the southwestern states. (references) | |
That is, it does not matter if the hazardous sound is generated by a machine in the workplace, by an amplifier/loudspeaker at a rock concert, or by a snowmobile ridden by the listener. (references) | ||
Eliminating food and shelter for rodents in and around homes, work places, and recreation areas by making buildings rodent-proof, and by removing brush, rock piles, junk, and food sources (such as pet food), from properties. (references) | ||
Business | The non-metallic mineral extraction and rock quarrying sectors also offer good opportunities. (references) | |
Locally produced mining equipment is predominantly small machinery for rock quarry exploitation. (references) | ||
IMBiGS is a leading Polish institute for researching construction machines and equipment, mechanization of construction processes and rock mining. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Oman | Rock throwing and vandalism of private vehicles occurred at some locations. (references) |
Panama | On May 9 to 11, in Panama City, student and worker protests over bus fare increases turned violent, with Molotov cocktails, rock throwing, and looting. (references) | |
Antigua and Barbuda | Residents cited increased numbers of persons with asthma and a serious injury to a young girl when a rock blasted from the quarry fell into a schoolyard. (references) | |
Economic History | Nicaragua | LEGENDS HOTEL & HARD ROCK CAFE, U.S. capital. (references) |
Syria | Natural resources: Crude oil and natural gas, phosphates, asphalt, rock salt, marble, gypsum. (references) | |
Belarus | Belarus also has deposits of clay, sand, chalk, dolomite, phosphorite, and rock and potassium salt. (references) | |
Minorities | Bulgaria | On September 20, a group of youths hit a Romani boy on the head with a rock on the grounds of his school. (references) |
Travel | Chad | Elephant Rock is 30 minutes away from Douguia. (references) |
Chad | It offers opportunities for rock climbing and cave exploration. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Guatemala | Credible reports allege that management through floor supervisors planned and organized the antiunion violence (consisting of beatings and bottle and rock throwing which caused several minor injuries) and intimidation. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEGENERATE, adj. Less conspicuously admirable than one's ancestors. The contemporaries of Homer were striking examples of degeneracy; it required ten of them to raise a rock or a riot that one of the heroes of the Trojan war could have raised with ease. Homer never tires of sneering at "men who live in these degenerate days," which is perhaps why they suffered him to beg his bread -- a marked instance of returning good for evil, by the way, for if they had forbidden him he would certainly have starved. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Gennifer Flowers | Well, I think that he can see through the polls that he still has a tremendous amount of support from the American public even under the circumstances. I think he's between a rock and a hard place. I mean, he does have a family to consider. |
Jon Stewart | The rock guys, the morning zoo. The rock, that sort of thing. The rap, it all rhymes. It's just a difference of the beat. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 | If we fail, the cause of free self-government throughout the world will rock to its foundations, and therefore our responsibility is heavy, to ourselves, to the world as it is to-day, and to the generations yet unborn. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | A strong nation rests on the rock of responsibility. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Through much of the last century, America's faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Rock" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 88.04% of the time. "Rock" is used about 6,374 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 88.04% | 5,612 | 1,754 |
| Noun (proper) | 8.73% | 556 | 11,235 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 2.6% | 166 | 24,220 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.63% | 40 | 54,274 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6,374 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "rock" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Rock | Last name | 8,000 | 1,662 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "rock". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Peterkin | N/A | N/A | A rock or stone |
| Botros | N/A | Arabic | A rock or stone |
| Boutros | N/A | Arabic | A rock or stone |
| Bedros | N/A | Armenian | A rock or stone |
| Beth-zur | N/A | Biblical | House of a rock |
| Cephas | N/A | Biblical | A rock or stone |
| Elizur | N/A | Biblical | My rock |
| Elizur | N/A | Biblical | Rock of God |
| Peter | N/A | Biblical | A rock or stone |
| Sela | N/A | Biblical | A rock |
| Sela-hammah-lekoth | N/A | Biblical | Rock of divisions |
| Tyre | N/A | Biblical | Rock |
| Zur | N/A | Biblical | Rock |
| Zuriel | N/A | Biblical | Rock or strength of God |
| Zurishaddai | N/A | Biblical | The Almighty is my rock and strength |
| Petar | N/A | Bulgarian | A rock or stone |
| Petia | N/A | Bulgarian | A rock or stone |
| Pere | N/A | Catalan | A rock or stone |
| Petr | N/A | Czech | A rock or stone |
| Peder | N/A | Danish | A rock or stone |
| Piet | N/A | Dutch | A rock or stone |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Big Rock Brewery Ltd | Japan | Rock Field Co., Ltd. |
| Malaysia | Rock Chemical Industries (Malaysia) Berhad | United Kingdom | Northern Rock plc |
| USA | Florida Rock Industries, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Rock, KS 2. Rock, MI |
Expressions using "rock": acid rock ♦ american rock brake ♦ arenaceous rock ♦ argillaceous rock ♦ arrow Rock ♦ art rock ♦ asphalt rock ♦ basement rock ♦ basic rock ♦ be between a rock and a hard place ♦ become rock ♦ bed rock ♦ big Rock ♦ biogenic rock ♦ black Rock ♦ blowing Rock ♦ blue Rock ♦ build one's house on a rock ♦ calcareous rock ♦ calico Rock ♦ Cap rock ♦ carbonate rock ♦ Castle Rock ♦ cave In Rock ♦ clastic rock ♦ Cock of the rock ♦ consolidated rock ♦ country rock ♦ crushed rock ♦ Eagle Rock ♦ East Flat Rock ♦ emery rock ♦ enclosing rock ♦ Falling Rock ♦ Farewell rock ♦ Flat Rock ♦ Flinty rock ♦ Fort Rock ♦ get down to rock bottom ♦ Gibraltar rock ♦ glassy rock ♦ Glen Rock ♦ grained rock ♦ granite rock ♦ granulated rock ♦ Green Rock ♦ Guide Rock ♦ Hanging Rock ♦ hard rock ♦ heavy metal rock ♦ heteromorphic rock ♦ hit rock bottom ♦ Hollow Rock ♦ hot rock ♦ hyaline rock ♦ igneous rock ♦ impermeable cap rock ♦ ledge rock ♦ little Rock ♦ living rock ♦ localized rock slide ♦ Lone Rock ♦ loose rock dump ♦ Maiden Rock ♦ Marble Rock ♦ mass of rock ♦ Massive rock ♦ metal rock ♦ metamorphic rock ♦ microcell disease of Sydney rock oysters ♦ mineral rock ♦ native rock ♦ natural rock asphalt ♦ North Little Rock ♦ North Rock Springs ♦ overhanging rock ♦ paint rock ♦ parent rock ♦ partition rock ♦ Pawnee Rock ♦ pay rock ♦ phosphate rock ♦ phosphatic rock ♦ phytogenic rock ♦ Pilot Rock ♦ plutonic rock ♦ plymouth rock ♦ porphyritic rock ♦ primary rock ♦ primitive rock ♦ progressive rock ♦ psychedlic rock ♦ punk rock ♦ purple rock brake ♦ quartz rock ♦ radiolarian rock ♦ red rock ♦ rock a while ♦ rock ahead ♦ rock alum ♦ rock and roll. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "rock": rock-and-roll, Rock-a-nore, rock-'ard, rock-ballad, rock-band, rock-based, rock-bogography, rock-boots, rock-bottom, rock-bound, rock-bridge, rock-built, rock-cakes, rock-chill, rock-citadel, rock-climb, rock-climber, rock-climbers, rock-climbing, rock-concert, rock-controlled, rock-cored, rock-crystal, rock-cut, rock-dance, rock-dating, rock-dependent, rock-despised, rock-dove, Rock-drill, rock-drills, rock-dump, rock-dweller, rock-dwellers, rock-dwelling, rock-edged, rock-encrusted, rock-engravings, Rock-ette, rock-face, rock-faced, rock-faces, rock-facing, rock-fall, rock-falls, rock-fever, rock-filled, rock-firm, rock-fish, rock-flank, rock-formers, rock-forming, rock-fortress, rock-fringed, rock-garden, rock-girl, rock-goat, rock-hack, rock-hard, rock-heavy, rock-hewn, rock-hopping, rock-ledge, rock-like, rock-lined, rock-maker, rock-meets-jazz, rock-minded, rock-music, rock-musician, rock-n-folkas, rock-opera, rock-oriented, rock-painting, rock-pool, rock-pop, rock-ribbed, rock-rock-rock-rock-rocket, rock-rose, rock-salt, rock-scavengers, rock-shag, rock-shelters, rock-shielded, rock-snake, rock-solid, rock-sounding, rock-stacks, rock-star, rock-star-ness, rock-stars, rock-steady, rock-still, rock-store, rock-stratigraphic, rock-strewn, rock-sucker, rock-tar, rock-throwing, rock-trained, rock-tripe, rock-tumbled, rock-types, rock-walled, rock-water, rock-wise, rock-wool, rock-work. | |
Ending with "rock": anti-rock, fluid-rock, folk-rock, hard-rock, jazz-rock, wall-rock. | |
Containing "rock": being-a-rock-star, do the rock-and-roll, ex-rock-star, folk-rock-country, hot-rock penstemon. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
rock | 7,931 | little rock | 1,102 |
kid rock | 7,509 | classic rock | 1,011 |
rock climbing | 6,163 | rock roll | 983 |
rock music | 6,119 | rock band | 891 |
rock climbing and gear | 3,757 | red rock amphitheater | 885 |
little rock ar | 2,948 | round rock texas | 883 |
the rock | 2,077 | house on the rock | 812 |
hard rock cafe | 1,954 | rock gem | 812 |
pop rock | 1,542 | rock hill south carolina | 778 |
red rock | 1,430 | chris rock | 739 |
hard rock | 1,320 | rock the mic tour | 720 |
hard rock hotel | 1,237 | christian rock | 703 |
punk rock | 1,227 | rock n roll | 696 |
body rock | 1,211 | table rock lake | 694 |
rock and mineral | 1,173 | rock lyrics | 662 |
rock and roll hall of fame | 1,172 | rock climbing shoes | 658 |
rock garden | 1,144 | fraggle rock | 623 |
rock 103 | 1,141 | seal rock | 596 |
ayers rock | 1,139 | blowing rock north carolina | 591 |
rock u wit | 1,125 | equipment used for rock climbing | 586 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "rock"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | rots. (various references) | |
Albanian | tundem (budge, dodder, jiggle, jumble, niddle-noddle, nod, nutate, oscillate, quake, reel, stagger, sway, swing, wabble, waddle, waggle, wamble, wobble), shkund (agitate, jar, jog, pump, punish, shake, shake off, thresh), shkëmb (cliff, peak, tor), përkund (cradle, dance, dandle, dangle, shake), malor (highland, mountain, mountainous), lëkundem (dangle, falter, halt, hang, hesitate, jolt, jumble, nod, nutate, oscillate, pendulate, reel, shake, shift, stagger, sway, swing, totter, vacillate, vibrate, wabble, wallow, wamble, waver, wobble), lëkund (dance, jiggle, quake, shake, vibrate), kore e tokës, gur i çmuar (bijou, bijoux, carbuncle, gem, jewel, precious stone, stone, tiger's eye), gur (boulder, calculus, cobble, piece, stone), gjel sheqeri (lollipop), formacion shkëmbor, diamant (brilliant, diamond, minikin). (various references) | |
Arabic | طير الرخ, رقصة الروك, أساس (armature, base, basis, bottom, crux, footing, foundation, fundament, ground, grounding, grounds, pedestal, roadbed, structure, subsoil, substratum, substructure), إهتز (balance, jerk, pounce, quake, quiver, shake, shiver, shook, shudder, swing, thrill, throb, toss, tremble, vibrate, wag, waggle), إهتزاز (pitch, quiver, shaking, shudder, thrill, trembling, tremolo), جلمود (boulder), صخر صغيرة, رقص الروك, صخرة عالية, ماس (diamond), زعزع (rattle, shake, stampede, unsettle), ترنح (beat about the bush, falter, feel groggy, grogginess, halt, limp, lurch, quiver, reel, roll, shake, stagger, stumble, teeter, titubation, totter, walk with a wobble, waver, weave, welter), تأرجح (fluctuate, fluctuation, hover, overbalance, pitch, rocking, seesaw, sway, swing, teeter, vacillate, vacillation), نقود (brass, dibs, shekels, silver), هدهد (lull), هز (agitate, bob, concuss, convulse, jolt, rattle, ring, shake, shock, stir, swing, twitter, vibrate, wag, waggle), هزز, صخرة (crag). (various references) | |
Asturian | roca. (various references) | |
Aymara | qarqa. (various references) | |
Basque | harkaitz. (various references) | |
Bemba | ilibi. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | óóhkotok. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | клатя (roll, shake, vibrate, wag, waggle), полюлявам се (swag, sway, swing), поклащам (jiggle, shake, sway, wag, waggle), поклащам се (sway, waddle, waggle, wobble), люлеене (cradling, oscillation, seesaw, sway, swing, vacillation, vibration), люлея (flap, shake, sway, swing), люлея се (nutate, oscillate, seesaw, sway, swing, teeter, toss, undulate, vacillate, vibrate), замайвам (daze, mystify, spin, stupefy), зашеметявам (besot, daze, stagger, stun), опора (abut, anchor, anchorage, backlog, bearer, bulwark, buttress, column, cradle, crutch, dependence, faith, foothold, holder, jamb, lodgement, lodgment, mainstay, palladium, pillar, prop, purchase, rampart, rest, roothold, sinews, staff, stand by, stay, stock, stronghold, support, tower, underpinning), диамант (adamant, diamond, drop, sparkler), клатене (oscillation, seesaw, shake, shaking, swing), стряскам (jerk up, rattle, startle), камък (calculus, concretion, stone), канара, танцувам рок, хурка (distaff), разклащам (depolarise, joggle, loosen, shake, shake up, stir up), рок (rock and roll), спасение (help, redemption, refuge, rescue, salvation), смайвам (amaze, baffle, bedazzle, dazzle, dismay, dumbfound, flabbergast, kill, knock, knock out, stagger, stun), скала (dial, scale), скъпоценен камък (gem, jewel, precious stone), олюлявам (reel, stumble along, sway, teeter, topple). (various references) | |
Cebuano | bato. (various references) | |
Chamorro | acho'. (various references) | |
Chinese | 岩石 . (various references) | |
Czech | skála (bedrock, Scaur). (various references) | |
Danish | klippe (boulder, clip, cut, shear). (various references) | |
Dutch | doen schommelen (swing), balanceren (balance, poise, swing). (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | rumi. (various references) | |
Esperanto | roko, luli (lull), balanci (swing). (various references) | |
Faeroese | klettur. (various references) | |
Farsi | نوسان کردن (Jib, Oscillate, Vacillate, Vibrate, Waver), تکان نوسانی دادن , تکان (Convulsion, Hustle, Jar, Jerk, Jolt, Jostle, Motion, Move, Movement, Shake, Shock, Stroke, Tremor, Wag), تخته سنگ یاصخره , سنگ خاره , سنگ (Boulder, Calculus, Stone), صخره (Cliff, Roach), جنباندن (Bestir, Shake, Wag, Waggle, Wigwag), جنبش (Braid, Bustle, Cause, Commotion, Flicker, Jar, Jiggle, Locomotion, Motion, Move, Movement, Stir, Tremor, Vibration). (various references) | |
Finnish | kallio (cliff), keinuttaa (swing). (various references) | |
French | roc, bercer, balancer, rocher, roche, galet (roller). (various references) | |
Frisian | rots. (various references) | |
German | Felsen (boulder, cliff, rocks), Fels (boulder, cliff), schaukeln (bounce, dandle, jog along, pitch and toss, sway, swing, swings, swung, teeter, toss about), wiegen (cradle, cradles, dandle, lull, nurse, scale, shake, sway, to dandle, to weigh, weigh), Stein (block, brick, calculus, Flint, jewel, man, piece, pit, shale, stone), Gestein (rock stratum). (various references) | |
Greek | κουνώ (cradle, dangle, shake, shaken, shook, sway, swing), πέτρα (stone), λικνίζω (cradle). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מסלע, להתנועע (move, sway, waver), להתנדנד (fluctuate, oscillate, seesaw, sway, swing, teeter), לנענע (jig, shake, wag, wriggle), חגלה, טרש (boulder, stone), צוק (cliff, crag), צור (cliff), צונם, סלע (boulder, cliff, stone). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szirt (cliff, ledge, skerry), szikla (cliff, crag, gibber). (various references) | |
Indonesian | mendondang, goyak (shake), eleng, bergoyang (away, fluctuate, oscillate, wobble), berayun (lihat: ayun), batu (cobble, stone). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | ujarak. (various references) | |
Irish | carraig. (various references) | |
Italian | roccia (rock climbing), masso (block, boulder, mass of stone), dondolare (balance, dangle, swing, swings, wabble, wobble). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 岩. (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | がんせき (all tickets), ロック (lock), せっかい (caustic lime, clearing, cutting through, lime, opening up, pebble, quicklime, stone, untimely interference), いしくれ (pebble, stone), いしころ (pebble, stone), いわね, いわ (crag, physical disorder), ゆらゆら (flicker, roll, rolling from side to side, shake, slow swaying, swing, swinging, tremble, vibrate, waver, wobbling). (various references) | |
Kongo | tadi. (various references) | |
Korean | 바위 (Rocks). (various references) | |
Lombard | sass. (various references) | |
Macedonian | karpa. (various references) | |
Manx | loaganey (feel about, reel, stagger, waver, waver of troops), leaystey (balancing, bank, boggle, brandish, dangle, fluctuate, fluctuating, heel, hesitate, hesitating, hesitation, loll, lolling, oscillate, oscillation, reel, reeling, rocking, roll, see-saw, sway, swaying, swerve, swing, swing back, swinging, vacillate, vacillating, vacillation, waddle; wavering, waddling; fluctuation, wave, wave of hand, waver, waver of fixture), kiaull chrauee (sacred music), craa-chiaull. (various references) | |
Maori | koowhatu. (various references) | |
Maya | tuun. (various references) | |
Mohawk | otstènra. (various references) | |
Norwegian | stein (stone). (various references) | |
Occitan | rocàs, breçar (lull). (various references) | |
Papago | waw. (various references) | |
Papiamen | baranka. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ockray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | rocha (boulder), rochedo (boulder, reef, skerry), embalar (box, cradle, dandle, lull, pack), balançar (balance, cantillate, consider, dandle, lurch, send, shake, sway, swing, teeter, wabble, weigh, wobble). (various references) | |
Provencal | ròca. (various references) | |
Romanian | balansa (balance, make up, sway, swing). (various references) | |
Romansch | grip. (various references) | |
Romany | barà. (various references) | |
Ruanda | ibuye. (various references) | |
Russian | утес (cliff, crag, scar), скала (cliff, crag), трястись (diddle, dodder, quake), качнуть (shake, swing), качаться скала, качать (dandle, sway, swing, swung), камень (calculus, concretion, gum, stone), горный (highland, mining, montane, mountain), гибралтар (gibraltar), опора (anchorage, bearing, bracket, crutch, footing, handhold, mainstay, prop, pylon, reliance, seat, shore, staff, steadies, support, supporter, thrust), леденцовая карамель, порода (race, stock, strain). (various references) | |
Samoan | maa. (various references) | |
Scottish | creag (a rock, crag). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | uzdrmati (jolt, shake up, stagger), stena, poljuljati (shake, stagger, sway), ljuljati (cradle, seesaw, swing), led (ice), klatiti (dangle, jiggle, oscillate, shake, waggle), kao stena, kamenovati (lapidate, stone), kameni (stone), kamen (calculus, stone, stony), hrid (cliff, scaur, skerry), dijamant (diamond). (various references) | |
Shona | dombo. (various references) | |
Sicilian | petra. (various references) | |
Spanish | roca (boulder, reef). (various references) | |
Sranan | krepiston. (various references) | |
Swazi | lí-dvwalá. (various references) | |
Swedish | berg (fell, Hill, Mount, mountain, mountain chain, mountains, outcrop, outcropp), vagga (cot, cradle, swing, wag, waggle, wave, wobble), klippa (cliff, clip, cut, edit, mow, outcrop, outcropp, pare, rock (of stone), scaur, scissor, shear, trim), gunga (dandle, nutate, seasaw, swing, toss). (various references) | |
Thai | เพชร (bijou), โยก, ทำให้ตกใจ, การโยก, หิน, ดนตรีร็อค. (various references) | |
Turkish | rock yapmak, lolipop (lollipop, lolly, sucker), şok etmek (kayo, shock), şok olmak (be scandalize at, be shocked), belâ (affliction, bore, calamity, curse, damnation, darned, evil, ill, misfortune, nuisance, pest, plague, scourge, tribulation, trouble), değerli taş (gem, ice, jewel, precious stone, stone), dert (affliction, bore, bother, botheration, complaint, cross, distress, dolor, dolour, evil, fear, grief, grievance, headache, heartache, ill, mopes, nuisance, pain, pip, plague, pother, scourge, solicitudes, sorrow, suffering, throe, trial, tribulation, trouble, woe, worry), dolar (buck, dollar, greenback, potato, smacker), elmas (diamond, diamond cutter, glass cutter), kaya, ırgalamak, kaya parçası, zorlaştırmak (becloud, complicate, obstruct), para (boodle, brass, bread, cash, chink, chip, coffers, coin, currency, dough, ducat, dust, filthy lucre, funds, green, Jack, kale, lolly, lucre, means, monetary, money, oof, pay dirt, pecuniary, purse, rhino, shekels, shiners, sugar, tin, wherewithal), sıkıntı (adversity, agitation, annoyance, anxiety, bore, boredom, bother, botheration, difficulty, dire straits, discomfort, distress, doldrums, draft, embarrassment, famine, fear, fret, gloom, gloominess, grayness, greyness, groan, hardship, heebie-jeebies, inconvenience, incubus, infliction, load, megrims, mopes, nuisance, oppression, pill, pip, pressure, rigor, rigour, scrape, Strait, straits, stringency, tedium, the megrims, toil, toils, tribulation, trouble, vexation, weight, willies), sallamak (agitate, Bob, brandish, flap, flirt, flourish, jog, joggle, jolt, nod, roll, shake, swing, switch, wag, waggle, wave), sallanmak (be slung from, bear away, dawdle, dilly dally, dodder, flap, flirt, hang about, hang around, hang down, hang on, hover, keep oneself close, loiter, lurch, oscillate, quake, shake, sway, swing, take a swing, teeter, toss, vibrate, waggle, wave, waver, wobble), sallayarak uyutmak (rock to sleep), sarsılmak (be cut up, be shaken, be shattered, careen, jar, jerk, jolt, judder, quake, shake, shock, sway), sarsmak (affect, afflict, agitate, buffet, buffet about, concuss, convulse, cut up, depolarise, dislocate, erode, give a jerk, hit, horrify, jar, jerk, jog, jolt, jounce, reduce, shake, shake up, shock, undermine, unsettle), taş (allusion, calculus, concretion, dig, Flint, gem, gibe, gravel, hit, innuendo, jeer, jibe, lapidary, piece, stone), kaya güvercini. (various references) | |
Turkmen | yranmak, yraс atmak, yramak, yralamak, uзurmak (swing), ьw. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | скеля (crag, hoe, scar), хитатися (niddle-noddle, nod, nutate, oscillate, shake, stagger, swing, titter, wabble, wamble, waver, weave, wobble), хитати (bow, nutate), трястися (jolt, niddle-noddle, totter), трясти (agitate, jar, jolt, rattle, shake), качання, камінь (calculus, stone), заколисувати (hush, lull, lull to sleep), порода (breed, caste, species). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | không một đồng xu dính túi xây dựng trên nền đá. (various references) | |
Welsh | tarren (knoll), siglo (bob, quake, shake, swing, wag), craig (boulder), clog (cloak, precipice), clegr (cairn, stony place). (various references) | |
Yucatec | tuunich (stone). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | 3. za. (various references) |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | petra. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | petra, petrae, petram, petrarum, petras, petris, petrosa, rupem, rupes, rupibus, saxum, scopuli, scopulus, silex, silex silicis (med. cilicis), vibrabit. (various references) |
| Middle French | 1400-1600 | roche. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 7, Verse 25 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai katebh h broch kai hlqon oi potamoi kai epneusan oi anemoi kai prosepeson th oikia ekeinh kai ouk epesen teqemeliwto gar epi thn petran |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et descendit pluvia et venerunt flumina et flaverunt venti et inruerunt in domum illam et non cecidit fundata enim erat super petram |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þa com þær ren & michel flod. & þærbleowan windas & ahruron on þæt hus. & hitnaht ne feoll. Soðlice hit wæs ofer stange-tymbred. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And reyn felde doun, and flodis camen, and wyndis blewen, and russchiden `in to that hous; and it felde not doun, for it was foundun on a stoon. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And aboundance of rayne descended and the fluddes came and the wyndes blewe and bet vpon that same housse and it fell not because it was grounded on the rocke. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And the rain came down and there was a rush of waters and the winds were driving against that house, but it was not moved; because it was based on the rock. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 7, Verse 25 |
| Cebuano | ug unya mibundak ang ulan, ug mibul-og ang mga baha, ug mihuros ang mga hangin ug mihapak niadtong balaya, apan kadto wala mapukan kay natukod man ibabaw sa bato. |
| Croatian | Zapljušti kiša, navale bujice, duhnu vjetrovi i sruèe se na tu kuæu, ali ona ne pada. Jer - utemeljena je na stijeni." |
| Danish | og Skylregnen faldt, og Floderne kom, og Vindene blæste og sloge imod dette Hus, og det faldt ikke; thi det var grundfæstet på Klippen. |
| Dutch | En er is slagregen nedergevallen, en de waterstromen zijn gekomen, en de winden hebben gewaaid, en zijn tegen hetzelve huis aangevallen, en het is niet gevallen, want het was op de steenrots gegrond. |
| Finnish | Ja rankkasade lankesi, ja virrat tulvivat, ja tuulet puhalsivat ja syöksyivät sitä huonetta vastaan, mutta se ei sortunut, sillä se oli kalliolle perustettu. |
| French | La pluie est tombée, les torrents sont venus, les vents ont soufflé et se sont jetés contre cette maison: elle n`est point tombée, parce qu`elle était fondée sur le roc. |
| German | Da nun ein Platzregen fiel und ein Gewässer kam und wehten die Winde und stießen an das Haus, fiel es doch nicht; denn es war auf einen Felsen gegründet. |
| Hungarian | És ömlött az esõ, és eljött az árvíz, és fújtak a szelek, és beleütköztek abba a házba; de nem dõlt össze: mert a kõsziklára építtetett. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Pada waktu hujan turun, dan air banjir datang serta angin kencang memukul rumah itu, rumah itu tidak roboh sebab telah dibangun di atas batu. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | maka turunlah hujan lebat dan air pun bahlah, serta angin kencang bertiup dan menempuh rumah itu; tetapi tiada ia roboh, karena ia beralaskan batu. |
| Italian | Cadde la pioggia, strariparono i fiumi, soffiarono i venti e si abbatterono su quella casa, ed essa non cadde, perché era fondata sopra la roccia. |
| Latvian | Un lija lietus, un nâca plûdi, un pûta vçji, un gâzâs pâr ðo mâju, bet tâ nesagruva, jo tâ bija celta uz klints. |
| Manx Gaelic | As haink y fliaghey neose, as dhatt ny thooillaghyn, as heid ny geayghyn, as cheau ad er y thie shen: as cha huitt eh, son dy row yn undin echey er creg. |
| Maori | A ka ua te ua, ka puta nga waipuke, ka pupuhi nga hau, te tino akinga ki taua whare; kihai hoki i hinga: no te mea i hanga ki runga ki te kamaka. |
| Norwegian | og skyllregnet falt, og flommen kom, og vindene blåste og slo imot dette hus, men det falt ikke; for det var grunnlagt på fjell. |
| Portuguese | E desceu a chuva, correram as torrentes, sopraram os ventos, e bateram com ímpeto contra aquela casa; contudo não caiu, porque estava fundada sobre a rocha. |
| Rumanian | A dat ploaia, au venit wivoaele, au suflat vknturile wi au bqtut kn casa aceea, dar ea nu s`a prqbuwit, pentrucq avea temelia ziditq pe stkncq. |
| Russian | Й РПЫЕМ ДПЦДШ, Й ТБЪМЙМЙУШ ТЕЛЙ, Й РПДХМЙ ЧЕФТЩ, Й ХУФТЕНЙМЙУШ ОБ ДПН ФПФ, Й ПО ОЕ ХРБМ, РПФПНХ ЮФП ПУОПЧБО ВЩМ ОБ ЛБНОЕ. |
| Shuar | Tura yumi ti yutuk entsa nujankruamai tura nase ti kakaram umpuimiai. Túmain pukukachmai ni ukurmari kayanam ukuamu asamtai. |
| Swahili | Mvua ikanyesha, mito ikafurika, pepo kali zikavuma na kuipiga nyumba hiyo. Lakini haikuanguka kwa sababu ilikuwa imejengwa juu ya mwamba. |
| Swedish | Och slagregn föll, och vattenströmmarna kommo, och vindarna blåste och kastade sig mot det huset; och likväl föll det icke omkull, eftersom det var grundat på hälleberget. |
| Uma | Karata-na uda, mowo' ue, pai' ngolu' mporumpa' tomi toe, tapi' uma-i modungka, apa' rawangu hi lolo watu to moroho. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "rock": rockabies, rockabillies, rockabilly, rockaby, rockabye, rockabyes, rockaway, rockaways, rockbound, rocked, rocker, rockeries, rockers, rockery, rocket, rocketed, rocketeer, rocketeers, rocketer, rocketers, rocketing, rocketries, rocketry, rockets, rockfall, rockfalls, rockfish, rockfishes, rockhopper, rockhoppers, rockhound, rockhounding, rockhoundings, rockhounds, rockier, rockiest, rockiness, rockinesses, rocking, rockless, rocklike, rockling, rocklings, rockoon, rockoons, rockrose, rockroses, rocks, rockshaft, rockshafts, rockslide. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "rock": antirock, bedrock, brock, caprock, crock, defrock, disfrock, frock, komondorock, laverock, lavrock, mudrock, outrock, prerock, rimrock, shamrock, slickrock, traprock, trock, unfrock. (additional references) | |
Words containing "rock": bedrocks, brockage, brockages, brocket, brockets, brocks, caprocks, crocked, crockeries, crockery, crocket, crocketed, crockets, crocking, crocks, defrocked, defrocking, defrocks, disfrocked, disfrocking, disfrocks, frocked, frocking, frocks, laverocks, lavrocks, mudrocks, outrocked, outrocking, outrocks, retrorocket, retrorockets, rimrocks, shamrocks, skyrocket, skyrocketed, skyrocketing, skyrockets, slickrocks, sprocket, sprockets, traprocks, trocked, trocking, trocks, unfrocked, unfrocking, unfrocks. (additional references) | |
| |
"Rock" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Gocek, Gock, iroc, Krock, orch, Orsk, recc, reck, Rnoc, Rocc, roch, Rockne, Rocko, roco, roct, Roeck, roek, rok, roke, roki, rolk, Ronk, rooc, Rorc, rork, rox, trock. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "rock" (pronounced rÄ"k) |
| 3 | r Ä" k | Brock, Croc, crock, frock, Roc. |
| 2 | -Ä" k | antiknock, antilock, Bach, Bangkok, bloc, block, Bock, caulk, chalk, chock, clock, Doc, dock, floc, flock, hock, interlock, Jock, knock, Loch, lock, Mach, mock, Nock, overstock, pock, restock, schlock, shock, smock, sock, stock, undock, unlock, walk, wok. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: cork. | |
| Words within the letters "c-k-o-r" | |
-1 letter: cor, kor, orc, roc. | |
-2 letters: or. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-k-o-r" | |
+1 letter: brock, corks, corky, croak, crock, crook, frock, ocker, rocks, rocky, trock. | |
+2 letters: brocks, choker, cocker, conker, cooker, corked, corker, croaks, croaky, crocks, crojik, crooks, docker, frocks, hocker, locker, mocker, ockers, reckon, recock, recook, recork, redock, relock, rocked, rocker, rocket, trocks, uncork. | |
+3 letters: arkosic, armlock, bedrock, blocker, brocket, burdock, caprock, chokers, chokier, clocker, cockers, cockier, comaker, conkers, cookers, cookery, corkage, corkers, corkier, corking, croaked, croaker, crocked, crocket, crojiks, crooked, cutwork, defrock, dockers, dorneck, dornick, dornock, earlock, frocked, gorcock, hickory, hockers, kerchoo, knocker, lavrock, lockers, lockram, mockers, mockery, mudrock, oarlock, outrock, pockier, precook, prerock, reckons, recocks, recooks, recorks, redocks, relocks, restock, rimrock, rockaby, rockers, rockery, rockets, rockier, rocking, rockoon, roebuck, rollick, rowlock, ruddock, shocker, stocker, trocked, uncorks, unfrock, warlock. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Names: Company Usage 20. Cities | 21. Expressions 22. Expressions: Internet 23. Translations: Modern 24. Translations: Ancient | 25. Bible Trace 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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