Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Reflection |
ReflectionNoun1. A calm lengthy intent consideration. 2. The phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface. 3. Expression without words; "tears are an expression of grief"; "the pulse is a reflection of the heart's condition". 4. The image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material); "he studied his reflection in the mirror". 5. A likeness in which left and right are reversed. 6. A remark expressing careful consideration. 7. The ability to reflect beams or rays. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "reflection" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Reflection \Re*flec"tion\, noun. [Latin reflexio: compare to French r['e]flexion. See Riflect.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | REFLECTION, n. An action of the mind whereby we obtain a clearer view of our relation to the things of yesterday and are able to avoid the perils that we shall not again encounter. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Aerospace | The process whereby a surface of discontinuity turns back a portion of the incident radiation into the medium through which the radiation approached. See albedo, reflectivity, radar reflectivity.For true reflection to occur there must be a real discontinuity of the index of refraction or at least it must change over an interfacial layer of thickness small compared to the wavelength of the radiation. If the change of refractive index is gradual (as may occur in a stratified medium) radiation may be returned by a process of continuous refraction, not to be confused with reflection. In radar, the term reflection is often applied to the return of radio energy from a volume of precipitation or cloud particles, where scattering is the important process. When the scale of the irregularities on the reflecting surface is small compared to the wavelength, regular or specular reflection (also called mirror reflection, regual reflection) results; if the irregularities are large compare of reflection is not affected by wavelength except as the relative scale of the irregularities of the surface change with wavelength. the fraction of the incident radiation reflected does depend on wavelength because of the selective nature of the absorptivity and transmissivity. The idealized white body is a total reflector; a black body reflects none of the incident radiation. The laws of specular reflection are: (first law) the reflected ray lies in the same plane as the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence; and (second law) the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence, both measured from the normal to the surface. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The return of radiation by a surface without change of frequency of the monochromatic components of which the radiation is composed. Source: European Union. (references) |
Geological | The energy or wave from an earthquake that has been returned (reflected) from an boundary between two different materials within the earth, just as a mirror reflects light. (references) |
Military | Energy diverted back from the interface of two media. The reflection may be specular (i.e. direct) or diffuse according to the nature of the contact surfaces. (references) |
Mining | A. The return of a wave incident upon a surface to its original medium. CF:refraction; diffraction; total reflection. b. The bounding back of light or other rays as they strike a solid surface. Light incident on a polished planar surface reflects at an angle equal to the incident angle, the proportion of reflected light increasing with increasing refractive index; e.g., for normal incidence, 17% reflects from diamond (n=2.4), and 5% reflects from quartz (n=1.5). c. In seismic prospecting, the returned energy (in wave form) from a shot that has been reflected from a velocity discontinuity back to a detector; the indication on a record of reflected energy.d. Misnomer for X-ray diffraction peaks. Also spelled reflexion. e.g., for normal incidence, 17% reflects from diamond (n=2.4), and 5% reflects from quartz (n=1.5). c. In seismic prospecting, the returned energy (in wave form) from a shot that has been reflected from a velocity discontinuity back to a detector; the indication on a record of reflected energy.d. Misnomer for X-ray diffraction peaks. Also spelled reflexion. (references) |
Physics | A phenomenon by which a sound wave is returned from a surface separating two media, at an angle which to the normal is equal to the angle of incidence. Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | The return of light or sound waves from a surface. If a reflecting surface is plane, the angle of reflection of a light ray is the same as the angle of incidence. (references) |
Space | The deflection or bouncing of electromagnetic waves when they encounter a surface. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
See:
In some British spellings, reflection may appear as reflexion.
- Reflection (mathematics)
- Reflection (optics)
- Reflection (computer science)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In computer science reflection is the ability of a program to examine and possibly modify its high level structure at runtime. It is most common in just in time compiled languages.When program source code is compiled information about the structure of the program is normally lost as lower level code (typically assembly code) is emitted. If a system supports reflection the structure is preserved as meta data with the emitted code.
Platforms Supporting Reflection
- The Java Virtual Machine
- .NET and the Common Language Runtime
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection (computer science)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reflection in electricity is the result of impedance mismatch in electrical signals. When voltage hits a discontinuity, some energy is reflected. This occurs in any change in a material’s final stop (Connection to another material).Impedance discontinuities cause attenuation because a portion of a transmitted signal will be reflected back to the transmitting device rather than continuing to the receiver, much like an echo. This effect is compounded if there are multiple discontinuities causing additional portions of the remaining signal to be reflected back to the transmitter. This is a fundemental problem with the daisy chain method of connecting electronic components.
When this returning reflection strikes the first discontinuity, some of the signal rebounds in the direction of the original signal, creating multiple echo effects. The echoes strike the receiver at different intervals making it difficult for the receiver to accurately detect data values on the signal. This is called jitter and results in data errors.
The ratio of energy bounced back depends on the materials. Mathematically, it is calcuated using the reflection coefficient, symbolized with a gamma.
The combination of the effects of signal attenuation and impedance discontinuities on a communications link is called insertion loss. Proper network operation depends on constant characteristic impedance in all cables and connectors, with no impedance discontinuities in the entire cable system.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection (electrical)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, reflection (also spelt reflexion) refers to an involutive automorphism of a space which leaves invariant a subspace of codimension 1.Note that this applies to more than just Euclidean geometry. Reflections in affine geometry with respect to a given hyperplane is not unique, for example. Also, an inversion in inversive geometry is considered a reflection by this definition.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection (mathematics)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, a reflection is a particular type of transformation upon a space. See reflection (mathematics).
In computer science, reflection is a way to retrieve information about objects or classes. See reflection (computer science).
Reflection is the abrupt change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two dissimilar media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated. Examples are the reflection of light, of sound and of water waves.
Reflection of light may be specular (i.e., mirror-like) or diffuse (i.e., not retaining the image, only the energy) according to the nature of the interface. Depending on the nature of the interface, i.e., dielectric-conductor or dielectric-dielectric, the phase of the reflected wave may or may not be inverted.
Specular (mirror-like) reflection
A mirror provides the commonest model for specular light reflection and consists of a glass sheet with a metalised coating where the reflection actually occurs. Reflection can also occur from the surface of other media, including transparent ones (water, glass). In the diagram above, a light ray PO hits a mirror (vertical line) at point O, and bounces off it as ray OQ. By projecting an imaginary line through point O perpendicular to the mirror, known as the normal, we can measure the angle of incidence, θi and the angle of reflection, θr. The law of reflection states simply that θi = θr, i.e. the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
In fact, reflection of light may occur whenever light travels from a medium of a given refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index. In the most general case, a certain fraction of the light is reflected from the interface, and the remainder is refracted. Solving Maxwell's equations for a light ray striking a boundary allows the derivation of the Fresnel equations, which can be used to predict how much of the light is reflected, and how much is refracted in a given situation. Total internal reflection of light from a denser medium occurs if the angle of incidence is above the critical angle.
For parabolic reflection, see paraboloid.
Other types of reflection
Diffuse reflection
Light bounces off in all directions due to the microscopic irregularities of the interface; this is an omnipresent phenomenon, applicable for all non-shiny objects that are not black.
Retroreflection
Light bounces back in the same direction as it came from.
Neutron reflection
Materials that reflect neutrons, for example beryllium, are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
See also
- Reflectivity.
- Ripple tank for a picture and description of water waves reflecting off a boundary.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection (optics)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of dust which are simply reflecting the light of a nearby star or stars. The nearby star or stars are not hot enough to cause ionization in the gas of the nebula like in emission nebulae but are bright enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds (e. g. diamond dust) and compounds of other elements, in particular iron and nickel. The latter two are often aligned with the galactic magnetic field and cause the scattered light to be slightly polarized (Kaler, 1998). The distinction between these two types of nebulae was done by Hubble in 1922.
The Witch Head reflection nebula (IC2118), about 1000 light years from earth, is associated with the bright star Rigel in the constellation Orion. The nebula glows primarily by light reflected from Rigel, located just outside the top right corner of the image. Fine dust in the nebula reflects the light. The blue color is caused not only by Rigel's blue color but because the dust grains reflect blue light more efficiently than red.
Larger version
They are usually blue because the scattering is more efficient for blue light than red (this is the same scattering process that gives us blue skies and red sunsets).
Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are often seen together and are sometimes both referred to as diffuse nebulae, an example of this is the Orion Nebula.
Some 500 reflection nebulae are known. Among the nicest of the reflection nebulae are those surrounding the stars of the Pleiades. A blue reflection nebula can also be seen in the same area of the sky as the Trifid Nebula. The giant star Antares, which is very red (spectral class M1), is surrounded by a large red reflection nebula.
Reflection nebulae are also usually sites of star formation.
In 1922, Edwin Hubble published the result of his investigations on bright nebulae. One part of this work is the Hubble luminosity law for reflection nebulae which make a relationship between the angular size (R) of the nebula and the apparent magnitude (m) of the associated star:
where k is a constant that depends on the sensitivity of the measurement.
- 5 log(R) = -m + k
References
- James B. Kaler (1998). Kosmische Wolken. Materie-Kreisläufe in der Milchstraße. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reflection nebula."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| RED | English | Reflection electron diffraction | Electrical Engineering, Physics |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ReflectionSynonyms: contemplation (n), expression (n), manifestation (n), meditation (n), mirror image (n), musing (n), observation (n), reflectivity (n), reflexion (n), rumination (n), thoughtfulness (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Attention | Noun: attention; mindfulness, presence of mind; Adjective: intentness, intentiveness; alertness; thought; advertence, advertency; observance, observation; consideration, reflection, perpension; heed; heedfulness; particularity; notice, regard; Verb: circumspection, diligence; (care); study, scrutiny inspection, introspection; revision, revisal. |
Copy | Duplicate, reproduction; cast, tracing; reflex, reflexion, reflection; shadow, echo. |
Disapprobation | Animadvert upon, reflect upon; glance at; cast reflection, cast reproach, cast a slur upon; insinuate, damn with faint praise; "hint a fault and hesitate dislike"; not to be able to say much for. |
Animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism; sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, innuendo; bad compliment, poor compliment, left-handed compliment. | |
Idea | Noun: idea, notion, conception, thought, apprehension, impression, perception, image, gr/eidolon/gr, sentiment, reflection, observation, consideration; abstract idea; archetype, formative notion; guiding conception, organizing conception; image in the mind, regulative principle. |
Intelligence Wisdom | Phrase: aut regem aut fatuum nasci oportet; "but with the morning cool reflection came"; flosculi sententiarum; les affaires font les hommes; mas vale saber que haber; mas vale ser necio que profiadol nemo solus sapit; nosce te; gr/gnothi seauton/gr nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit; sapere aude; victrix fortunae sapientia. |
Maxim | Reflection; (idea); conclusion; (judgment); golden rule; (precept); principle, principia; profession of faith; (belief); settled principle, accepted principle, formula. |
Recoil | Noun: recoil; reaction, retroaction; revulsion; bounce, rebound, ricochet; repercussion, recalcitration; kick, contrecoup; springing back; Verb: elasticity; reflection, reflexion, reflex, reflux; reverberation; (resonance); rebuff, repulse; return. |
Regression | Refluence, reflux; backwater, regurgitation, ebb, return; resilience reflection, reflexion (recoil); flip-flop, volte-face. |
Thought | Noun: thought; exercitation of the intellect, exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation, deliberation, pondering; head work, brain work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application; (attention). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Yeah, you learn her source, and we'll introduce her to her insect reflection. (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) Well, I guess it started during my first year of the second grade, when I was eating lunch and caught my reflection in a spoon, and I thought to myself, 'Hey, Derek, you're ridiculously good looking (Zoolander; writing credit: Drake Sather; Ben Stiller) I was sorry about the girl, but found some relief in the reflection that she had presumably during the weekend already undergone a fate worse than death (Kind Hearts and Coronets; writing credit: Roy Horniman; Robert Hamer) I say she has no reflection. (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls) | |
Lyrics | Some inner truth of vast reflection (Hook; performing artist: Blues Traveler) Saw my reflection in a window, (STREETS OF PHILADELPHIA; performing artist: Bruce Springsteen) I see my reflection in your eyes (Choose; performing artist: Color Me Badd) You ignoramous, but music is reflection of self (Sing For The Moment; performing artist: EMINEM) This reflection of light unfolding onto itself (Anarchy Through Capitolism; performing artist: Kottonmouth Kings) | |
Movie/TV Titles | A Reflection of Fear (1973) Reflection Land (1962) Unglassed Windows Cast a Terrible Reflection (1953) Time for Reflection (1950) The 6th Reflection (2002) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The Reflection Nebula in Orion. Credit: NASA. |  | A unique peanut-shaped cocoon of dust, called a reflection nebula, surrounds a cluster of ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Stations used by Maurice Ewing in 1st offshore seismic reflection experiment Conducted on board C&GS Ship OCEANOGRAPHER Helped prove feasibility of measuring depth to basement rock from a ship Work done with C&GS because of radio acoustic ranging experience The beginning of offshore geophysical exploration. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Halo with brilliant reflection off ice surface. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Arc with reflection higher in the sky - note reversal of spectrum. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | An Alaskan rainbow - note reflection on the water. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Rainbow with reflection - note reversal of spectrum. Credit: National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). |  | Snowy Egret with its reflection in the Gila River. Credit: Bill Grossi. |
 | This mirror image reflection is what you might encounter on a quiet morning in the back waters of Squaw Lake. Credit: Lori Cook. |  | Lenin Square, window reflection, Arkhangel'sk, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Wall reflection" by Cactusbloom1@cs.com Commentary: "Reflection." | "Wet Reflection" by Dianne Rigdon Commentary: "A shot in the rain." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Pope | Remembrance and reflection how allied. What thin partitions divides sense from thought. |
George Washington | It is only after time has been given for cool and deliberate reflection that the real voice of the people can be known. |
Henri Frederic Amiel | Action and faith enslave thought, both of them in order not be troubled or inconvenienced by reflection, criticism, and doubt. |
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | Never by reflection, but only by doing is self-knowledge possible to one. |
John Locke | Reverie is when ideas float in our mind without reflection or regard of the understanding. |
Madame DorothT Deluzy | We believe at once in evil, we only believe in good upon reflection. Is this not sad? |
Soren Kierkegaard | What our age lacks is not reflection, but passion. |
Thomas Paine | I love the man who can smile in trouble, and who can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. |
William Hazlitt | Reflection makes men cowards. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | A very little quiet reflection was enough to satisfy Emma as to the nature of her agitation on hearing this news of Frank Churchill |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | It appalled her, nevertheless, to discern here again, a shadowy reflection of the evil that had existed in herself |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | On his forehead rested the indescribable reflection of an unseen light |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The red sun set and left a shining twilight on the land, so that faces were bright in the evening and eyes shone in reflection of the sky. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | In this cave are twenty lamps continually burning, which from the reflection of the adamant cast a strong light into every part |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium. (references) | |
CA 125 is elevated in approximately 80 percent of patients with ovarian cancer and is a useful reflection of disease status during and after therapy in those patients. (references) | ||
The public health and medical importance of TD is related to the large numbers of travelers who place themselves at risk each year. Furthermore, TD is but a mild reflection of the severe underlying problem of diarrhea among children in the tropics. (references) | ||
Business | They are also a reflection of a change in government policy. (references) | |
Japan's dominance is only a reflection of it's dominance in the car market. (references) | ||
The rankings are also a reflection of the perceived strength of their marketing strategies. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Tajikistan | These restrictions reportedly are more a reflection of political than religious differences. (references) |
Iran | However, it appears to be an accurate reflection of government practice to slowly eradicate the Baha'i community. (references) | |
Cuba | On February 15, police prevented a conference on ethics in journalism in the context of a nascent civil society sponsored by the Moderate Reflection Group in the independent library Jorge Manach. (references) | |
Economic History | Thailand | Life expectancy also has risen, a positive reflection of Thailand's efforts at public health education. (references) |
Canada | This is a direct reflection of the lower costs associated with manufacturing products in third world countries. (references) | |
St. Lucia | Ninety percent of the population is Roman Catholic, a further reflection of early French influence on the island. (references) | |
Political Economy | SAUDI ARABIA | The government argues that this is simply a reflection of the low cost of domestic oil production. (references) |
East Timor | In a U.N. administered consultation vote on August 30, 1999, an overwhelming majority of East Timorese voted against autonomy (and, in effect, for independence from Indonesia), and in early September 1999, the U.N. Secretary General declared the ballot results to be "an accurate reflection of the will of the East Timorese people." As a result, in October 1999, the Government of Indonesia approved revocation of the 1978 Indonesian parliamentary decree that annexed East Timor, allowing for the establishment of the U.N. Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), which is mandated by the U.N. Security Council to establish a democratic government in East Timor. (references) | |
Trade | Venezuela | Foreign banks control 43 percent of the banking system's assets (up from 3 percent in 1993), a reflection of the government's massive bank reprivatization effort in 1996-97. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TIGHTS, n. An habiliment of the stage designed to reinforce the general acclamation of the press agent with a particular publicity. Public attention was once somewhat diverted from this garment to Miss Lillian Russell's refusal to wear it, and many were the conjectures as to her motive, the guess of Miss Pauline Hall showing a high order of ingenuity and sustained reflection. It was Miss Hall's belief that nature had not endowed Miss Russell with beautiful legs. This theory was impossible of acceptance by the male understanding, but the conception of a faulty female leg was of so prodigious originality as to rank among the most brilliant feats of philosophical speculation! It is strange that in all the controversy regarding Miss Russell's aversion to tights no one seems to have thought to ascribe it to what was known among the ancients as "modesty." The nature of that sentiment is now imperfectly understood, and possibly incapable of exposition with the vocabulary that remains to us. The study of lost arts has, however, been recently revived and some of the arts themselves recovered. This is an epoch of renaissances, and there is ground for hope that the primitive "blush" may be dragged from its hiding-place amongst the tombs of antiquity and hissed on to the stage. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | In general, their existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The most mature reflection since has added strength to the belief that the best interests of our country require the speedy adoption of some plan calculated to effect this end. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | So far as possible the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflection. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | A moment's reflection as to what will be our commanding influence among the nations of the earth in their day, if they are only true to themselves, should inspire them with national pride. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Reflection" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.80% of the time. "Reflection" is used about 1,978 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.8% | 1,974 | 4,357 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.15% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Noun (common) | 0.05% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,978 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "reflection": amaurotic cat's eye blindness of one eye due to various intraocular conditions in which a bright reflection is observed at the pupil as it would appear from the tapetum lucidum of a cat ♦ Angle of reflection ♦ Angle of total reflection ♦ be on reflection ♦ cast reflection on ♦ cast reflection on smb. ♦ coefficient of reflection ♦ disturbing reflection ♦ frustrated total internal reflection ♦ illumination reflection ♦ on reflection ♦ on serios reflection ♦ on serious reflection ♦ plane of reflection ♦ radar beam reflection ♦ reflection factor ♦ reflex reflection ♦ see one's reflection in a mirror ♦ sound reflection. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "reflection": Reflection-to-go. | |
Ending with "reflection": self-reflection. | |
Containing "reflection": space-reflection symmetry. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "reflection"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | reflektim (afterlight, reflexion), të menduarit (calculation, meditation, reflexion, thinking), shëmbëllim (image, reflexion), pasqyrim (expression, image, reflex, reflexion, rendering, representation), mendim (brainchild, cogitation, conceit, conception, estimation, idea, judgement, judgment, meditation, mind, muse, notion, opinion, reflexion, say, self-communion, sentiment, spirit, thinking, thought), imazh (account, eidolon, frame, image, imago, reflex, reflexion), hije (apparition, background, cloud, color, colour, dark, ghost, loom, phantasm, phantom, propriety, reflexion, shade, shadow, spirit, spook, umbra, wraith). (various references) | |
Arabic | تفكير (cogitation, reasoning, reflexion, reminding, thinking, thought), عار (bare, black eye, denuded, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, dishonour, humiliation, ignominy, mortification, naked, nude, obloquy, outrage, reflexion, reproach, scandal, shame, stark naked, starkers, taint, unclad, uncovered), ضوء منعكس (reflexion), إهانة (affront, crinkle, degradation, despite, dishonor, dishonour, flout, indignity, injury, insolence, insult, mortification, offence, reflexion, slap, slur, tawdriness, umbrage), إنعكاس (reflex, reflexion, repercussion, reverberation, reversal), إلتواء (bow, flection, inflection, obliqueness, reflexion, torsion, winding), إستبطان (introspection, reflexion), إرتكاس (reaction, reflexion, reversion), إرتداد (apostasy, bounce, defection, kick, rebound, recall, recantation, recess, recoil, reflexion, regress, relapse, renunciation, repercussion, retroversion, reverberation, withdrawal), أفكار (marbles, reflexion), شىء منعكس (reflexion). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сянка (cloud, ghost, shade, shadow, umbrage), размисъл (cogitation, meditation, rumination, thinking, thought), размишление (cogitation, contemplation, meditation, muse, musing, speculation, think), критика (animadversion, appreciation, comment, criticism, critique, potshot), коментар (annotation, comment, commentary, gloss, remark), отразяване (reverberation), отражение (backwash, image, mirror, reflex, reflexion, repercussion, reverberation, umbrage), отзвук (answer, backwash, echo, repercussion, response), отблясък (gleam, glimmer, glint), мисъл (dictum, idea, image, intellection, mind, thinking, thought), забележка (black mark, comment, note, observation, remark), порицание (animadversion, castigation, censure, decrial, dispraise, imputation, rebuke, reprehension, reprimand, reprobation, reproof, stricture), петно (attaint, blob, blot, blotch, dab, daub, defilement, flaw, fleck, mottle, note, offset, slur, smear, smirch, smudge, soil, spot, stain, stigma, sully, taint, tarnish). (various references) | |
Chinese | 反射 (reflex). (various references) | |
Czech | reflex (reflex), zrcadlení, odraz (bounce, rebound, reflexion, reverberation, ricochet, take off, takeoff), odlesk (glint), hanlivý výrok, úvaha (account, consideration, deliberation, reasoning, thought). (various references) | |
Danish | reflektion, reflekteren, refleksion, overvejen, lydrefleksion (sound reflection), lydrefleks (sound reflection). (various references) | |
Dutch | weerglans, afspiegeling (shade, shadow). (various references) | |
Esperanto | respeguliĝo. (various references) | |
Farsi | پژواک (Echo), تفکر (Cud, Dump, Recollection, Thought), اندیشه (Anxiety, Idea, Mentality, Notion, Opinion, Plan, Solicitude, Thought, Worry), بازتاب (Reflex). (various references) | |
Finnish | peilikuva (mirror image), miete (idea, thought), heijastus (reflex), heijastuminen (sound reflection), harkinta (consideration, deliberation), ajatus (idea, meaning, opinion, reflexion, thought), ajattelu (meditation, thinking, thought). (various references) | |
French | reflet (reflex), réflexion (reasoning, reflexion). (various references) | |
Frisian | ôfspegeling. (various references) | |
German | Reflexion (cerebration), Spiegelbild (mirror image), Besinnung (consciousness, contemplation), Reflektion (reflectance, reverberation). (various references) | |
Greek | αντανάκλαση (reflex, reflexion). (various references) | |
Hebrew | עיון (consideration, inspection, meditation, perusal, reference, study), התבוננות (consideration, contemplation, observation), השתקפות (transparency), החזרת אור, החזרה (reposition, restitution, restoration, return), הרהור (contemplation, meditation, rumination, speculation, think, thought), בבואה (image, mirror). (various references) | |
Hungarian | visszatükrözés (reflexion), tükörkép (image, reflexion, shadow). (various references) | |
Indonesian | refleksi, pantulan, lantunan (rebound), cerminan, bayangan (estimation, imagination, shadow). (various references) | |
Italian | riflessione (meditationon, reflexion). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 自省 (self-examination), 省察 (consideration), 照り返し , リビア山猫 (liberation, libido, Libyan wildcat, lift, liftback, living, living kitchen, living room, living room set, living stock, makeover, rebate, reboot, reference, reference guide, referencer, refinance, refine, reflation, reflect, reflective, reform instructor, reform plan, refrain, refresh, refreshment, repeat, repeater, replace, replicate, replication, reply, repression, reprint, reproduction, revision, rib, rib roast, rift, ripple, rivet, updating), 映像 (image), 映り (harmony, match, quality of a picture), 反省 (introspection, reconsideration), 反省 (contemplation, introspection, meditation, reconsideration), 反照 (influence), 反映 , 反映 (influence), 反影 (influence), 反射 (reverberation), 倒影 , 回想 (reminiscence). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | リフレクション , うつり (change, harmony, impression, match, print, quality of a picture, return present, transition), せいさつ (consideration, roadside prohibition-edict boards), かいそう (attendance at a funeral, class, fast sailing, forwarding, hierarchy, level, marine plant, petty officer, reburial, reminiscence, remodelling, reorganization, rout, seaweed, shipping, stampede, stratum), じせい (conditions, death, death poem, growing wild, homemade, magnetism, native, passing away, self control, self restraint, self-examination, spirit of the age, tense, the times, trends), はんしゃ (reverberation), はんしょう (counter-evidence, disproof, fire alarm, fire bell, half burnt, half death, influence, midnight, proof to the contrary, rebel leader), はんせい (contemplation, half a lifetime, introspection, meditation, reconsideration), はんえい (anti-British, flourishing, influence, penumbra, prospering, prosperity, thriving), とうえい (flicker of light, projection), てりかえし, えいぞう (building, construction, image, silhouette). (various references) | |
Korean | 반영 (reflexion). (various references) | |
Manx | scaan (apparition, double, ghost, spectre, spirit, spook), aasmooinaght (afterthought), aahoilshey, aahoilshaghey (reflect, reflecting, republication, republish). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eflectionray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | reflexão (meditation, observation, reflexion, speculation, thinking, thought). (various references) | |
Romanian | remarcã (cut, hit, observation, remark), reflex (reflex), reflectare (consideration, image, mirror, return, reverberation, rumination), reflecţie (speculation, thought), rãsfrângere (brightness, sheen), socotealã (account, bill, calculation, cast, check, computation, consideration, count, counting, idea, offset, pay off, profit, reckoning, shot, supposition), oglindire (mirroring, return), observaţie (admonition, analysis, comment, observation, remark, remonstrance, reprimand, reproof, study, survey, watching), meditare (forethought, meditation), imagine reflectatã, gândire (consideration, deliberation, mentation, mind, reverie, thinking, thought, understanding), dezaprobare (censure, deprecation, disapprobation, disapproval, disavowal, reprobation, slur), consideraţii, comentariu (annotation, comment, commentary, gloss, remarks). (various references) | |
Russian | отражение (image, rebound, reflex, reflexion). (various references) | |
Scottish | faileas (shadow). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | refleksija (reflexion), razmišljanje (cogitation, contemplation, meditation, reflections, reflexion), odsjaj (gleam, glint), odraz (reflexion, take off), odblesak (glance, gleam, luster, lustre), odbijanje (denial, disallowance, image degradation, nay, refusal, rejection, repudiation, repulse, repulsion, reverberation, set down, setdown, snub). (various references) | |
Spanish | reflexión (afterthought, cogitation, consideration, consultation, deliberation, meditation, reflexion, rumination, thought). (various references) | |
Swedish | reflex (reflex), eftertanke (consideration), avspegling, återsken. (various references) | |
Turkish | refleks (jerk, reflex, reflexion), yansıyan görüntü (reflexion), yansıma (rebound, reflex, reflexion, repercussion, response, reverberation), yankı (echo, rebound, reflexion, repercussion, repercussions, replication), kusur bulma (faultfinding, reflexion), hayal (bubble, castles in spain, castles in the air, day dream, delusion, dream, fancy, fantasy, illusion, illusiveness, imagination, phantasy, pink elephant, pipe dream, reverie, shadow, simulacrum, specter, spectre, vision, waking dream), etki (action, bearing, clout, drag, drift, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency, force, forcefulness, hold, impact, impress, impression, imprint, incidence, influence, interest, jolt, leaven, penetration, point, potency, pull, purchase, reflexion, ring, sound, stamp, sway, virtue, weight), derin düşünce (contemplation, reflexion), ayıplama (blame, condemnation, disapproval, dispraise, reflexion, reprobation, reproof, reproval), aksetme (reflexion), akis (converse, echo, inversion, mirror image, reflex, reflexion, reverberation). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | відблиск (afterglow, blink, glisten, glow, reflexion), відбиття (projection, rebuff, reflex, reflexion, repulsion, reverberation, |
