PER

Definition: PER

PER

Preposition

1. Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words.

Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
 

"PER" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "stone", "stone".

Date "PER" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references)

Etymology: Per \Per\, preposition [Latin Compare to Far, For-, Pardon, and compare to Par, preposition]. (references)

Computing

Language

Tips from 1870

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

PER

PER

PER

PER

PER

PER

PER

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Instrumentality

Adverb: through, by, per; whereby, thereby, hereby; by the agency of; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through the medium of; Noun: along with; on the shoulders of; by means of; by the aid of, with the aid of; (assistance).

Crosswords: PER

Afrikaan (a, by, by means of, in, inside, into, on, per, through, with, within), Albanian (peer), Catalan (by, for, to), Danish (per), Dutch (an, by, by means of, in, inside, into, on, per, through, with, within), Esperanto (by, by means of, on, through, with), Finnish (per), Flemish (per), German (against, by, per, with), Hungarian (action, action at law, cause, lawsuit, legal action, litigation, proceedings, suit), Italian (about, all over, along, around, as, at, by, during, for, from, however, in, in order that, in order to, of, on, out, out of, over, per, so as, through, to, toward, towards, via), Latin (along, as in, because of, by, by means of, during, excessively, in the course of, means, on account of, over / in the presence of, per, quite, through, throughout, very, with), Lombard (for, in order to, per, to), Norwegian (by, per), Papiamen (pear), Portuguese (perchloroethylene), Romanian (per), Swedish (by, by means of, on, per, through, to, with).

Well, it's comforting to know that you'll be going straight to hell at no more than three miles per hour (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt)

If you try that again, I'll break every bone in your body, one per second (Vengeance Unlimited; writing credit: Andrew Davies; William Makepeace Thackeray)

And he's headed for the ground at a hundred-and-seventy-five thousand miles per hour (Denis Leary: No Cure for Cancer; writing credit: Denis Leary)

As per usual (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer)

Our limit is one stiff per day. (Moonlighting; writing credit: Eric Blakeney)

Herring boxes senza topses sandalae per Clementina, (Clementine; performing artist: Tom Lehrer)

Per Clementina sandalae, per Clementina sandalae, per Clementine (Clementine; performing artist: Tom Lehrer)

Sandalae per Clementina si, per Clementina si, (Clementine; performing artist: Tom Lehrer)

My beats per minute never been the same (Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go; performing artist: Wham!)

Time it takes to sail 220 yards at 1 nautical mile per hour: Knot-furlong. (references; author: unknown)

Una Donna per sette bastardi (1974)

Fatti di gente per bene (1974)

Un Fiocco nero per Deborah (1974)

Processo al generale Baratieri per la sconfitta di Adua (1974)

Polizeiruf 110 - Per Anhalter (1974)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

References

• Autogrill Societa Per Azioni: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

• Per Aarsleff A.S.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

• Bulgari Societa Per Azioni: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

• ENEL Societe per Azioni: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

• Pirelli & C. - Accomandita per Azioni: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  (more reference examples)

Books

• Monte Carlo Methods in Finance: Nonsaleable Items Per Elizabeth Zambrana at Wiley 10/25/02 P.S, Som (Wiley Finance Series) (reference)

  (more book examples)

Periodicals

• Materiali E Discussioni Per L Analisi Dei Testi Classici (reference)

• Progettare Per La Sanita (reference)

• Studi Per L Ecologia Del Quaternario (reference)

• Summa : Mensile Per Il Medico Veterinario (reference)

• Worldwide Per Diem Updates - Diskette Ibm (reference)

  (more periodical examples)

Music

• Concerti per Oboe (reference)

• Vivaldi: Sinfonie dai Drammi per Musica (reference)

• Bossa per Due (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech

• NUMARK STYLIWAX Replacement stylus, 2 per pack (reference)

• WebObjects 5.1 Unlimited Users Per Server (reference)

  (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods

• Lenox B810R 8" 10/14 Teeth per Inch Reciprocating Saw Blades (25-Pack) (reference)

  (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Map showing AIDS Rates per 100,000 Population Reported in 1996, United States. Credit: CDC.

Table showing AIDS Cases in Men by Race/Ethnicity per 100,000 Population, Reported in 1996, United States. Credit: CDC.

Lieutenant Commander Paul A. Smith headed aeronautical charting for C&GS He was responsible for producing over 60 million aeronautical charts per year He became Minister to International Civil Aviation Organization after war He went from Lieutenant Commander to Rear Admiral when made a Minister. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Flooding of low-lying areas at Holland Cliffs Shores by extreme high tides. Land is being lost at a rate of 1" per year in the Chesapeake Bay region due to combination of sea level rise and subsidence caused by lowering water tables. As population grows, so does demand for fresh water causing further subsidence, making events such as this increasingly common. Credit: America's Coastlines.

On average, FAO statistical area 87 provides around 45 per cent of the World's catch of small pelagic species. Credit: Fisheries.

A treatment plant to treat acid water at, 140 gallons per minute gpm. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

A bucket full of quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria. Quahogs feed by filtering plankton from the water, pumping up to a gallon per hour or more, depending on temperature. This feeding activity helps to improve water quality and clarity in Narragansett Bay and is an important ecological link between the Bay's water column and its benthic, or bottom-dwelling community. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Divers excurt (dive) from AQUARIUS. They can stay out for 9 hours per day. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP).

King crab caught on MILLER FREEMAN. Average weight 6-8 pounds of which about 25 per cent is edible. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was instrumental in helping develop the King Crab industry. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Sounding technique used by Sir James Clark Ross in obtaining first modern deep sea sounding on January 3, 1840 at Latitude 27 26 S and Longitude 17 29 W. The observed depth was 2,425 fathoms. On January 22, 1968, the ESSA Ship DISCOVERER sounded at the same location with a modern echo-sounder and measured 2312 fathoms, less than a 5 per cent error for Ross's observation. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Germany undertakes to deliver to France seven million tons of coal per year for ten years. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

At Wagram, French, thirteen per cent

Per aspera ad astra

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

Risk extremely low (1 per million) even in travelers. (references)

Age, per se, is not a contraindication to implantation. (references)

In the United States, < 0.5 cases per 100,000 population. (references)

Business

Most users now pay a symbolic fee of US$ 2-3 per month. (references)

The retail price will be 350 yen (about $3.5) per title. (references)

The BMA charges 11 baht per kilogram for waste disposal. (references)

Children

Turkey

Infant mortality has declined rapidly over the past decade, and, as of 1998, stood at 43 per 1,000. UNICEF estimates that, during the year, the rate decreased and is at approximately 33 per 1,000. Although the law provides special safeguards for children in police custody, police officers and prosecutors frequently circumvented or ignored these provisions. (references)

Switzerland

By some estimates, implementation costs could reach $19 to $28 million (31 to 47 million Swiss francs) per year. (references)

Israel and the occupied territories

HRW reported that Arab schools are segregated from Jewish schools, that the Education Ministry allocates less money per Israeli Arab student than per Jewish student, and that Arab children overall receive an inferior education to that of Jewish children. (references)

Civil Liberties

Benin

A similar arrangement exists for television transmissions: The ORTB broadcasts more than 12 hours per day on a signal that is easily received in urban areas. (references)

Mongolia

Through 2000, the fees for registering were $26 (26,000 tugrik) per adult and $13 (13,000 tugrik) per minor under the age of 18. During the year these fees were raised to $50 (50,000 tugrik) and $25 (25,000 tugrik) respectively. (references)

Burma

In some cases, members-elect of parliament were required to register at police stations twice per day. (references)

Discrimination

Mexico

In its 1999 annual report, the NGO Citizen's Commission Against Homophobic Crimes reported that on average 3 persons per month are killed because of their sexual orientation, and that there were 217 such killings between 1995 and 2000. Of these, 103 killings occurred in Mexico City, with another 29 in Mexico state and Veracruz. (references)

Economic History

Lebanon

A leased line costs on average $1,000 per month while a T1 (1.5 mbps) leased line costs nearly 40 times more in Lebanon than in the United States. (references)

Korea

Limits on how much money foreign and domestic travelers may take out of Korea per trip were dropped at the beginning of 2001. (references)

Human Rights

Uruguay

Although in 1998 a trial-level court ordered the Government to pay each plaintiff approximately $93,600 (1.17 million pesos) in damages, an appellate-level court later reduced this award to approximately $16,850 (210,600 pesos) per person for 11 of the cases and $23,640 (295,500 pesos) for the other case. (references)

Ecuador

However, during the year, the amount allocated for prison rations increased from 40 cents to 70 cents per inmate per day. (references)

Burundi

A local NGO estimated that the prison population was more than 9,300. With the return of the ICRC, the death rate in the prisons containing 80 percent of all inmates dropped from 2.3 deaths per 10,000 per day in 1999 to 0.4 deaths per 10,000 in 2000. The death rate remained the same during the year. (references)

Indigenous People

Venezuela

Many of the Warao nevertheless return to Caracas, citing lack of jobs and money in the delta and their ability to earn approximately $175 (130,000 bolivars) per week in handouts in Caracas. (references)

Gabon

A typical family lives on 13 cents per day. (references)

Gabon

NGO workers visited more than a dozen villages and found that most Pygmies there lived in conditions tantamount to slavery, working on plantations for "masters" for one plate of rice and a few cents per day. (references)

Minorities

Greece

The illiteracy rate among Roma is estimated at 80 percent, and according to an NGO, the average Romani family's income was approximately $205 (76,000 drachma) per month. (references)

Switzerland

The Department continued its $90,000 (150,000 Swiss francs) per year donation to the organization, Future for Swiss Itinerants. (references)

Australia

Upon coming to power in 1996, the Government reduced annual migrant (nonrefugee) immigration by 10 percent to 74,000; subsequently, it has increased to approximately 80,000. Humanitarian immigration figures remained steady at approximately 12,000 per year from 1996 through this year. (references)

Political Economy

Kuwait

During the 2001 fiscal year (FY), the country's estimated per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was $16,941 (5,165 dinars), 28 percent more than FY 2000. The increase reflects the significant rise in oil revenues due to higher world oil prices and a decrease in the number of resident foreign workers. (references)

France

The highly developed, diversified, and primarily market-based economy has a per capita gross national product of $21,900 that provides residents with a high standard of living. (references)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Unemployment is estimated to be between 25 and 40 percent, and real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2000 was estimated at approximately 3.5 percent, as compared with 4 percent in 1999. Per capita GDP was approximately $2,550 in 1999. The Government generally respected citizens' human rights; however, there were problems in a few areas. (references)

Political Rights

Comoros

Of these, citizens will directly elect 18, and 15 will be selected by the Government (5 per island). (references)

Macedonia

As of December, Parliament had not decided whether they would be held per the regular schedule in October 2002, or at some earlier date. (references)

Tunisia

For the 1999 elections, the Government provided public financing to political parties, as called for in legislation adopted in 1997. Under the legislation, each party represented in the Chamber of Deputies received an annual public subsidy of approximately $42,000 (60,000 dinars), plus an additional payment of $3,500 (5,000 dinars) per deputy. (references)

Trade

Honduras

Bulk-packed or institutional-size products may display only one label per package, as long as smaller individual packages are not intended for individual retail sale. (references)

Bahamas

Bahamians shopping in Florida (and elsewhere abroad) are permitted to import $300 worth of goods, duty free, twice per year. (references)

Burma

Pawnshops and unofficial lenders charge on average three to five percent per month, or 35-40 percent annually against secured collateral. (references)

Travel

Australia

Retail shops increasingly keep longer business hours, and all city centers have evening shopping at least one day per week, along with Saturday and (in most areas) Sunday. (references)

Chad

All mail is distributed to a post office box number or "Boite Postale." Mail service departs N'Djamena to Europe and elsewhere three times per week. (references)

Albania

Translators generally charge between USD 50 per and USD 150 per day. (references)

Women

Iceland

A 12 percent difference in pay may be attributable to the fact that men work on average 4.2 more hours per week than women, but the rest of the gap is unexplained. (references)

Papua New Guinea

Maternal mortality levels remain relatively high at 930 deaths per 100,000 live births. (references)

Australia

There were 14,074 victims of sexual assault recorded by the police in 1999 (the latest figures publicly available; they do not distinguish by gender), a decrease of 1.8 percent from 1998. This amounts to approximately 74 victims of sexual assault per 100,000 persons. (references)

Worker Rights

Turkmenistan

A 15-year-old child may work 4 to 6 hours per day but only with the permission of the trade union and parents. (references)

Oman

Every worker has the right to 15 days of annual leave during the first 3 years of employment and 30 days per year thereafter. (references)

Mali

Children between the ages of 14 and 16 may work up to 41/2 hours per day with the permission of a labor inspector, but not during nights, holidays, or Sundays. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expressions using "PER": a hundred per cent ♦ a hundred per cent testing ♦ A per se ♦ ad astra per aspera ♦ ad per procurationem ♦ advance per round ♦ as per ♦ as per advice ♦ as per advice from ♦ as per agreement ♦ as per invoice ♦ as per usual ♦ average energy expended in a gas per ion pair formed ♦ average energy expended per ion pair formed ♦ average income per capita ♦ average per capita income ♦ barrels per calendar day ♦ barrels per stream day ♦ be per ♦ beats per minute ♦ bits per inch ♦ bits per pixel ♦ bits per second ♦ call per second ♦ calls per second ♦ candela per square meter ♦ candela per square metre ♦ charge per kilometer ♦ charge per unit ♦ charge three per cent commission ♦ contratto per l'acquisto rateale di terra ♦ count per minute ♦ courses per unit length ♦ current annual forest per cent ♦ current per phase ♦ cycle per second ♦ defects per hundred units ♦ defects per unit ♦ distribution per stirpes ♦ dots per inch ♦ earning per share ♦ earnings per share ♦ electrode wear per discharge ♦ energy loss per ion pair ♦ Ethiops per se ♦ expenses per traffic unit ♦ fertilizer consumption,100 grams per hectare of arable land ♦ fifty per cent point ♦ five per mil ♦ flux of radiation per unit area ♦ force per unit area ♦ forest per cent ♦ frames per second ♦ fully diluted earnings per share ♦ gigabits per second ♦ gigacycle per second ♦ GNP per capita growth ♦ GNP per capita,atlas method ♦ growth per cent ♦ hundred per cent ♦ hundred per cent treaty basis ♦ ignotum per ignotius ♦ income per head ♦ increment per cent ♦ indicating per cent ♦ indtjening per aktie ♦ kilo instructions per second ♦ kilobits per second ♦ kilocycle per second ♦ kilometers per hour ♦ kilometres per hour ♦ lines per minute ♦ logical inference per second ♦ lumen per square meter ♦ lumen per square metre ♦ mean energy expended in a gas per ion pair formed ♦ megabits per second ♦ megacycle per second ♦ miles per gallon ♦ miles per hour ♦ million floating point operations per second ♦ million instructions per second ♦ net earnings per share ♦ ninety per cent point ♦ ninety per cent saturation voltage ♦ number of patents per 1000 researchers ♦ number of threads per unit length ♦ obscurum per obscurius ♦ one hundred per cent ♦ one per mile ♦ onehundred per cent ♦ output per man hour ♦ per annum ♦ per capita ♦ per capita consumption ♦ per capita income ♦ per capita premium ♦ per capita quota ♦ per capita tax ♦ per cent ♦ per cent articulation. Additional references.

Beginning with "PER": per-acre, per-barrel, per-capita, per-cent, per-cent-increase, per-don-em-e, per-foe-li-art-oos, per-gallon, per-head, per-lease, per-minute, Per-neb, per-node, per-page, per-period, per-person, Per-pertex, per-port, per-pupil, per-request, per-second, per-share, per-son, Per-ulrik, per-unit, per-user.

Ending with "PER": bases-per, chip-per, hundred-per, sixty-per.

Containing "PER": cost-per-case, miles-per-hour, one-hundred-per-cent, pages-per-minute, pay-per-view.

Afrikaans

per (a, by, by means of, in, inside, into, on, through, with, within), op (a, in, inside, into, on, upon, within), in (a, in, in it, inside, into, on, within), binne (a, in, inside, into, on, within). (various references)

Albanian

për (about, after, at, by, concerning, for, in, in behalf of, in order to, on, pro, to, towards), në (against, at, in, inside, into, on, onto, to, under, upon, within). (various references)

Arabic 

‏في كل, ‏لكل (apiece), ‏وفقا. (various references)

Basque

gaueko (per night), eguneko (of the day, per day). (various references)

Breton

dre (by). (various references)

Bulgarian 

чрез (by, by dint of, care of, on, through, via), с (about, at, by, cum, for, in, of, on, to, via, with), всеки поотделно, на (aboard, against, at, by, for, in, into, of, on, onto, over, to, unto, up, upon, with), посредством (by, by dint of, by means of, by virtue of, on, via), по (about, according to, after, against, around, at, by, for, from, in, of, on, out, out of, over, round, through, to, up, upon). (various references)

Catalan

en (in, inside, into, on, within), a (at, in, inside, into, on, to, toward, towards, within). (various references)

Chinese 

論 (by the, discuss, the Analects, theory, to discuss, to talk), 每 (Each, Every, Per-). (various references)

Croatian

noæenje (stay per night), na (at, on, on for, on per). (various references)

Czech

za (across, after, around, at, away, behind, beyond, by, each, for, in, instead of, of, over, past, pending, under, unto, within). (various references)

Danish

om (about, around, by, concerning, for, from, in, inside, into, of, on, round, since, towards, upon, within), på (at, by, from, in, inside, into, of, on, since, to, toward, towards, upon, within), i (for, in, inside, into, on, this, thou, within, ye, you, you formal, you formal plural). (various references)

Dutch

per (an, by, by means of, in, inside, into, on, through, with, within), te (at, by, in, inside, into, on, to, too, too much, upon, within, without), in (at, by, in, inside, into, on, upon, with, within), binnen (in, inside, into, on, till, until, within). (various references)

Esperanto

por (for, in order to, to), pere de, en (in, inside, into, on, within). (various references)

Faeroese

til (for, in order to, so, so that, till, to, toward, towards, until), fyri (for, in order to, so, so that, to), í (a, during, for, in, inside, into, on, whereas, while, whilst, within). (various references)

Farsi 

توسط (Via), ازمیان (Across), ازوسط (Across, Athwart, Crossways, Crosswise, Through), درهر, بوسیله (By, Of, Via, With), با (About, Against, By, In, Mid, Together, Trade, With), برطبق , برای هر. (various references)

Finnish

per, varten (because of, for, in order to, on account of, to), -ssa (a, in, inside, into, on, within), kohti (a, an, at the rate of, perpendicular, vertical). (various references)

Flemish

per. (various references)

French

par, dans, à. (various references)

French Canadian

par (by). (various references)

Frisian

yn (a, in, inside, into, on, within), foar (before, for, in front of, in order to, to). (various references)

German

pro (a, in, inside, into, on, within), je (a, an, at some time, at the rate of, each, ever, pro, sometime, the), für (behalf, blaze, considering, for, in favor of, in favour, in favour of, in order to, in place of, in return for, pro, to), durch (across, because of, by, by dint of, by force of, by means of, by means of smth., by way of, due to, on, owing to, through, throughout, thru, via, well done, with). (various references)

Greek 

ανά. (various references)

Haitian Creole

pa (not). (various references)

Hawaiian

për (for, in order to, to), në (a, in, inside, into, on, within). (various references)

Hebrew 

לכל, על ידי (by, by means of, through), באמצעות (by, by means of, through, via). (various references)

Hungarian

vminek révén (through, through the intervention of sg), révén, -ként (in), által (by, river erosion, through). (various references)

Icelandic

i (a, in, inside, into, on, within), að (a, in, inside, into, on, that, TO, within). (various references)

Indonesian

setiap (each, every). (various references)

Italian

a (a, at, beside, by, for, from, in, inside, into, of, on, onto, to, toward, towards, up, upon, with, within). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

ペーパー電池 (double glazing, dragon boat, pain clinic, paint, pair, pair occupation, pair skating, pairing, pair-oar, pair-wise, paper cell, parent, pavement, pavement artist, pay, pay bridge, payday, payload specialist, payment, pear, Pegasus, races with such boats, unmarried couple living together), 株価収益率 (price-earnings ratio), に就いて　 (along, concerning, under), に就いて (along, concerning, under), に付き (apiece, appearance, because of, impression, regarding, slimy, slippery, sociability), 対して (for, in regard to). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

たいして (for, in regard to, much, very), ペール , について (along, concerning, under), につき (apiece, appearance, because of, impression, regarding, sociability), かぶかしゅうえきりつ (price-earnings ratio). (various references)

Korean 

에 의하여 (By, Per-). (various references)

Lombard

per (for, in order to, to). (various references)

Luxembourgish

pro. (various references)

Manx

trooid (advance, come, during, from, through, via; approach). (various references)

Norwegian

per (by), på (a, at, by, in, inside, into, of, on, to, toward, towards, upon, within), i (a, for, in, inside, into, on, within). (various references)

Papiamen