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Definition: Pain |
PainNoun1. A symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension". 2. Emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness". 3. A somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain". 4. A bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain". 5. Something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness; "a bit of a bother". Verb1. Cause bodily suffering to. 2. Cause anguish;, make miserable. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "pain" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | PAIN, n. An uncomfortable frame of mind that may have a physical basis in something that is being done to the body, or may be purely mental, caused by the good fortune of another. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
19th Century Satire | A sensation experienced on receiving a Punch, particularly the London one. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are in pain, will make sure of your own unhappiness. This dream foretells useless regrets over some trivial transaction. To see others in pain, warns you that you are making mistakes in your life. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about physiological pain, also known as physical pain. Associated articles include psychological pain, also known as emotional pain or emotional distress.Pain is defined in medicine as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness. This assumes that there is a cause recognizable in biology for every pain - which is an effect. This definition has problems, and modern theories of pain control challenge it, for instance, the gate control theory of pain, which focuses on different pain states at the brain, rather than at the site where the brain perceives the pain to be.
Chronic pain is also poorly explained by the traditional biomedical model. There are some theories, such as the traditional Chinese medicine approach of Chi, which is said to be a "blockage" (some say this is equivalent to electrical resistance and indeed have measured this at pain sites) or "stagnation of blood" (theorized as being dehydration which inhibits metabolism). Such approaches as acupuncture are often reported as being more effective with types of pain that have no associated trauma.
Pain is ultimately a perception, and not an objective state of a body.
Nociception, one of the physiological senses, is the term commonly used to refer to the perception of physiological pain. Pain in this context can be defined as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. As a result and despite its unpleasantness, pain is nonetheless a critical component of the body's defence system. The term nociception is not used to describe psychological pain.
Under the definition given above, the ability to experience pain or irritation has been observed in most multi-cellular organisms. Whether the actual sensation of pain corresponds even remotely to the human experience is (of course) highly debatable, but even plants can demonstrate the ability to retract from a noxious stimulus. However, the remainder of this article only examines nociception in organisms possessing a central nervous system of some description - up to and including a brain.
The very unpleasantness of pain encourages an organism to use any means at its disposal to disengage from the noxious stimuli that it assumes cause the pain. It can of course be wrong about this. Preliminary pain can serve to indicate that an injury is impending, such as the ache from a "soon-to-be-broken" bone. After an initial insult to an organism, pain can prevent further damage from occurring. Finally, pain may promote the healing process as most organisms will instinctively take great care to minimise the experience of more pain, hence protecting an injured region from further damage. However, there is much evidence that pain can retard healing in the hominoid: it may well be an evolutionary artifact that does us little good any more.
The interpretation of pain occurs in the brain, primarily in the thalamus. Interestingly, the brain itself is devoid of nociceptive tissue, and hence cannot experience pain (thus headache is not pain in the brain itself). Some evolutionary biologists have speculated that this lack of nociceptive tissue might be due to the fact that any injury of sufficient magnitude to cause pain in the brain will incapacitate the organism and prevent it from taking appropriate action, which is the actual purpose of pain.
Acute pain is roughly defined as short-term pain or pain with an easily identifiable cause. Acute pain is the body's warning of current damage to tissue or disease. It is often fast and sharp followed by aching pain. Acute pain is centralized in one area before becoming somewhat spread out. This type of pain responds well to medications.
Chronic pain is roughly defined as long-term pain or pain that is not necessarily associated with any form of injury or disease. This constant or intermittent pain has no known purpose, as it does not help the body to prevent injury. It often does not respond well to medications. Expert knowledge and/or skills may be necessary to treat chronic pain adequately. When analgesics are used indiscriminately, addictions to narcotics may occur.
The experience of physiological pain can be grouped into four categories according to the source and related nociceptors (pain detecting nerves). Nociceptors are the free nerve endings of neurons that have their cell bodies outside the spinal column in the dorsal root ganglion and are named according to their point of termination.
Cutaneous pain is caused by injury to the skin or superficial tissues. Cutaneous nociceptors terminate just below the skin, and due to the high concentration of nerve endings, produce a well-defined, localised pain of short duration. Example injuries that produce cutaneous pain include paper cuts, minor (first degree) burns and lacerations.
Somatic pain originates from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, and even nerves themselves, and are detected with somatic nociceptors. The scarcity of pain receptors in these areas produces a dull, poorly-localised pain of longer duration than cutaneous pain; examples include sprained ankle and broken bones.
Visceral pain originates from body organs visceral nociceptors are located within body organs and internal cavities. The even greater scarcity of nociceptors in these areas produces a pain usually more aching and of a longer duration than somatic pain. Visceral pain is extremely difficult to localise, and several injuries to visceral tissue exhibit "referred" pain, where the sensation is localised to an area completely unrelated to the site of injury. Myocardial ischaemia (the loss of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle tissue) is possibly the best known example of referred pain; the sensation can occur in the upper chest as a restricted feeling, or as an ache in the left shoulder, arm or even hand.
Phantom limb pain is the sensation of pain from a limb that one no longer has or no longer gets physical signals from - an experience almost universally reported by amputees and quadriplegics.
Finally neuropathic pain ("neuralgia") can occur as a result of injury or disease to the nerve tissue itself. This can disrupt the ability of the sensory nerves to transmit correct information to the thalamus, and hence the brain interprets painful stimuli even though there is no obvious or documented physiologic cause for the pain.
See also
- Analgesics: Drugs which usually reduce pain.
- Anaesthesia: complete elimination of pain by inducing unconsciousness
- Local anesthesia: anesthetic techniques limited to specific parts of the body
- Algolagnia: the paraphilia of deriving pleasure from certain kinds of pain
- Motivation: the human brain tries to avoid what it thinks generates pain and seeks what it thinks generates pleasure
Pain and pleasure
A critical issue in philosophy is the role of pain and pleasure. Jeremy Bentham in the 17th century saw them as objective phenomena, and defined utilitarianism on that principle. In the 18th century however the Marquis de Sade offered a wholly different view - which is that pain itself has an ethics, and that pursuit of pain, or imposing it, may be just as useful and just as pleasurable, and that this indeed is the purpose of the state - to indulge the desire to inflict pain in revenge, for instance, via the law (in his time most punishment was in fact the dealing out of pain). The 19th century view in Europe was that Bentham's view had to be promoted, de Sade's (which it found painful) suppressed so intensely that it - as de Sade predicted - became a pleasure in itself to indulge. The Victorian culture is often cited as the best example of this hypocrisy.
In the 20th century, Michel Foucault observed that the biomedical model of pain, and the shift away from pain-inducing punishments, was part of a general Enlightenment invention of Man, a concept that simply did not exist prior to that intellectual shift - the idea of species-wide empathy was literally created, in which, the pain of the punished is itself a pain to the punisher, and so on.
The body, of course, remains an object, and so a subject-object problem arises in many cases. Consider the problem of considering the body and its irritation (to use an objective word) as a moral duty: hygiene for instance is something advised and imposed by the culture, which may irritate the child for instance, but may avoid (according to the culture) a greater pain in future. The body is both subject, in the future making its own decisions on what pain to pursue and pleasure to forgo, but for now, an object, forced to wash or undergo such rites as circumcision - in order to avoid reputedly the great pain of being cast into a lake of fire. The body in effect is the object of the whole religion, the whole culture's, anxieties.
Descarte's Error is one of many works that questions the idea that the mind and body are only linked by imagination, and suggests that they are also much linked by socializations of pain and of pleasure.
It is only we who can know the meaning of our individual pain. But it is that pain which gives us the motivation to do something to avoid giving it to others. Empathy itself relies on this very socialization which Foucault identified as having arisen as a cultural norm only in the 18th century.
Today, presumably painful experiences are often viewed on television, and we are encouraged by media cheerleaders to identify strongly with pain of "our troops" and sometimes "civilians", but not in general "their troops" or "enemies", whose pain is abstracted and invisible, often not even summed up as statistics. An ethics of pain will have to acknowledge at least that this is an error.
External links
- Do plants feel pain? - Science Line
- Fish 'capable of experiencing pain' - NewScientist.com news service 30 April 03
- Dr. Feinberg's Chronic Pain Links
- "The Culture of Pain"
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pain."
Synonyms: PainSynonyms: annoyance (n), bother (n), botheration (n), hurting (n), nuisance (n), pain in the ass (n), pain in the neck (n), painful sensation (n), painfulness (n), afflict (v), ail (v), anguish (v), hurt (v), trouble (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: pleasure (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Inexpedience | Verb: be hurtful; Adjective: cause evil, produce evil, inflict evil, work evil, do evil; damnify, endamage, hurt, harm; injure; (damage); pain. |
Pain | Verb: cause pain, occasion pain, give pain, bring pain, induce pain, produce pain, create pain, inflict pain; pain, hurt, wound. |
Noun: mental suffering, pain, dolor; suffering, sufferance; ache, smart; (physical pain); passion. | |
Penalty | Noun: penalty; retribution; (punishment); pain, pains and penalties; weregild, wergild; peine forte et dure; penance; (atonement); the devil to pay. |
Physical Pain | Give pain, inflict pain; lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize; crucify; cruciate, excruciate; break on the wheel, put to the rack; flog. (punish); grate on the ear. (harsh sound). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Pain |
| English words defined with "pain": chest pain ♦ labor pain ♦ pain pill, pain threshold, pain unit, phantom limb pain ♦ referred pain. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "pain": Back Pain, Brief Pain Inventory ♦ Facial Pain, Flank Pain ♦ heterotopic pain, hunger pain ♦ Myofascial Pain Syndromes ♦ Neck Pain ♦ pain in the net, Pain Measurement, Pain, Intractable, Pain, Postoperative ♦ Shoulder Pain ♦ threshold of pain ♦ visceral pain. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "pain": Weltschmertz. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Pain" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (bread, loaf). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I couldn't bear the pain of their loss: I longed to be released from it. (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) They were low and muffled, the sounds of pain and anguish (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) That word gives me a pain. (Notorious; writing credit: Ben Hecht) Oh, you are such a pain. (Lilo & Stitch; writing credit: Chris Sanders) Thirty hours of pain all at once, all for you. (The Crow; writing credit: David J. Schow, John Shirley) | |
Lyrics | But it's my destiny to be the king of pain (King Of Pain; performing artist: The Police) I wish I could take tha pain away (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) You're the cure against my fear and my pain (Because Of You; performing artist: 98 Degrees; writing credit: Anders Bagge, Arntor Birgisson, Christian Karlsson, and Patrick Tucker) He feels the pain getting strong (Don't Turn Around; performing artist: Ace Of Base) Tryin' to walk through the pain (Amazing; performing artist: Aerosmith) | |
Clever | Do something every day that you don't want to do. This is the golden rule for acquiring the habit of doing your duty without pain. (references; author: Mark Twain) He who finds pleasure in vice and pain in virtue, is still a novice in both. (references; author: Chinese Proverb) Better an end with pain, than pain with no end. (references; author: unknown) Patient has chest pain if she lies on her left side for over a year. (references; author: unknown) You did touch me but didn't feel my pain. Jesus came and touched me, and I don't feel the pain any more. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | La Porteuse de pain (1973) House of Pain and Pleasure (1969) Le Pain de ménage (1968) Pain and Pleasure (1967) The Puzzle of Pain (1965) | |
Song Titles | King Of Pain (performing artist: The Police) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | After the incubation period of 2-6 days, symptoms of the plague appear including severe malaise, headache, shaking chills, fever, and pain and swelling, or adenopathy, in the affected regional lymph nodes, also known as buboes. Credit: CDC. |  | Rabies in humans is almost always fatal. Symptoms may be headache, fatigue, fever and pain at the site of the bite can be present. Behavioral changes like apprehension, anxiety, agitation, irritability, insomnia and depression may also appear. Credit: CDC. |
 | Abandoned recreation trail due to pain inflicted by yellow starthistle. Credit: Jerry Asher. |  | [Patent Medicines: Advertisement for pain killer for cholera]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | [A patch with logo of Pain Research at NIDR]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Noise extracted without pain : waiter (to single gentleman): excuse me, sir, but that lady and gentleman wish me to recommend to you one of those new Maxim soup silencers. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | "Well Doc, it's a recurring pain!". Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Wolcott's instant pain annihilator / Endicott & Co. lith. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Ne pas gaspiller le pain est notre devoir. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Énomisons le pain en mangeant des pommes de terre. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Injure; injury; hurt; hurting; injures; boo-boo; discomfort; distress; gash; harm; nick; ouch; pain; painful; pang; sore; soreness; suffering; wound; . | | Sigh; blue; blue funk; bummed out; cast down; crestfallen; crummy; dejected; despondent; destroyed; disconsolate; dispirited; down; downcast; downhearted; dragged; fed up; glum; grim; hurting; in pain; let down; low; low down; low-spirited; lugubrious; me. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Adelbert Von Chamisso | In pain is a new time born. |
Elbert Hubbard | Laughter is higher than all pain. |
Euripides | Time cancels young pain. |
Homer | For too much rest becomes a pain. |
Publilius Syrus | Pain forces even the innocent to lie. |
| Pain of mind is worse than pain of body. | |
Robert E. Lee | Wisdom is nothing more than healed pain. |
Samuel Johnson | Suspicion is most often useless pain. |
William Shakespeare | One pain is lessened by another's anguish. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilisation into their midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | None can compute what has been called "the unestimated sum of human pain." Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | The pain of his continued residence in Highbury, however, must certainly be lessened by his marriage |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | There was a look of pain in her face, which I would gladly have been spared the sight of. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Nobody knows that he has within him a fearful parasitic pain, with a thousand teeth, which lives in the miserable man, who is dying of it. |
Alexander's Feast | John Dryden | Rich the treasure, Sweet the pleasure,-- Sweet is pleasure after pain. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He clapped a hand to his eye and gave a hoarse scream of pain. |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Wert thou not banished on pain of death |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And the men looked up for a second, and the smolder of pain was in their eyes |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | When I advanced to the middle of the channel, they were yet in more pain, because I was under water to my neck |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | The thrills of joy and thrills of pain are undistinguishable |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Sinus pain or pressure. (references) | |
How strong the pain feels. (references) | ||
Pain under the right shoulder. (references) | ||
Business | Also, use of antibiotics, which accounts for the treatment provided to 44% of all HIT patients in the U.S., and pain management, comprising 17% of U.S. HIT patients, are prohibited or severely restricted in Japan. (references) | |
Poor oral health has a range of consequences including pain, difficulty eating and the avoidance of certain foods (which can lead to wider health problems), impaired speech, loss of self esteem, restricting social and community participation, and impeding the ability to gain employment. (references) | ||
The biggest importers/distributors of lingerie are Ibsen (Chantelle Societe, Maindenform Itln, Pain de Sucre, Calvin Klein, Passionata), Alicja II S.c.(Garda, Lormar, Lilly, Doremi, Dori, Rose Rosse), Deseo (Princesa, Selmark, Abanderado, Punto Blanco, Ocean), Madame(Simone Perele, First, Lise Charmel, Ravage, Millesia, Nina Ricci, Osore Lanoro, Lejaby, Barbara, Phillipe Matignon, Hanro) and Katerina Trading Company (Magal, Marcella, Antonella). (references) | ||
Economic History | Norway | Here, the list is dominated by non-prescription medicines, with drugs for pain and nasal congestion being the most popular. (references) |
Norway | Best prospects for U.S. suppliers are still drugs associated with the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, asthma, allergy, depression, and pain relief. (references) | |
Japan | Stating that pain is inevitable with or without reform, Prime Minister Koizumi has promised his people even more short-term economic pain and dislocation as he goes about the difficult task of reforming the Japanese economy to position it for sustainable growth in the future. (references) | |
Human Rights | Peru | At home, Ayaucan complained of abdominal pain and was taken to a hospital where he was declared dead on arrival. (references) |
Cape Verde | In addition the right of victims to compensation and recovery for pain and mental suffering are overlooked, due both to the low damage assessments imposed and ineffective enforcement of court sentences. (references) | |
Political Economy | Sudan | Usually it is performed on girls between the ages of 4 and 7 by traditional practitioners in improvised, unsanitary conditions, which cause severe pain, trauma, and risk of infection to the child. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TRIAL, n. A formal inquiry designed to prove and put upon record the blameless characters of judges, advocates and jurors. In order to effect this purpose it is necessary to supply a contrast in the person of one who is called the defendant, the prisoner, or the accused. If the contrast is made sufficiently clear this person is made to undergo such an affliction as will give the virtuous gentlemen a comfortable sense of their immunity, added to that of their worth. In our day the accused is usually a human being, or a socialist, but in mediaeval times, animals, fishes, reptiles and insects were brought to trial. A beast that had taken human life, or practiced sorcery, was duly arrested, tried and, if condemned, put to death by the public executioner. Insects ravaging grain fields, orchards or vineyards were cited to appeal by counsel before a civil tribunal, and after testimony, argument and condemnation, if they continued in contumaciam the matter was taken to a high ecclesiastical court, where they were solemnly excommunicated and anathematized. In a street of Toledo, some pigs that had wickedly run between the viceroy's legs, upsetting him, were arrested on a warrant, tried and punished. In Naples and ass was condemned to be burned at the stake, but the sentence appears not to have been executed. D'Addosio relates from the court records many trials of pigs, bulls, horses, cocks, dogs, goats, etc., greatly, it is believed, to the betterment of their conduct and morals. In 1451 a suit was brought against the leeches infesting some ponds about Berne, and the Bishop of Lausanne, instructed by the faculty of Heidelberg University, directed that some of "the aquatic worms" be brought before the local magistracy. This was done and the leeches, both present and absent, were ordered to leave the places that they had infested within three days on pain of incurring "the malediction of God." In the voluminous records of this cause celebre nothing is found to show whether the offenders braved the punishment, or departed forthwith out of that inhospitable jurisdiction. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Give off even the faintest whisper of crime, suffering, or sordid doings, and we all pop in the jeweler's loupe of pain and start admiring the precision of the cut. |
Jerry Lewis | If there's any of you folks out in television that have a phone, if you could call the studio and tell my lighting director that the damn lights are a pain in the tuchus. |
Laura Schlessinger | Well, I often wonder how you can look into the eyes of someone you say you love, see the pain, and not be willing to be introspective. Introspection is tough. |
Linda Thompson | Just that I have known the pain of too much tenderness. That he would always remain the love of my life, but I never wanted to love that fully and completely without reservation again. |
Nancy Grace | Yeah, the floodgates are open. Now nobody will care about the pain and the torture this causes the Smart family. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | While in our external relations some serious inconveniences and embarrassments have been overcome and others lessened, it is with much pain and deep regret I mention that circumstances of a very unwelcome nature have lately occurred. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | That struggle has often brought pain and violence. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | I have seen the hunger of a homeless child, the pain of a man wounded in battle, the grief of a mother who has lost her son. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Let us put aside personal advantage so that we can feel the pain and see the promise of America. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Many in our country do not know the pain of poverty, but we can listen to those who do. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Pain" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.92% of the time. "Pain" is used about 7,297 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.92% | 7,291 | 1,325 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.05% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.03% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,297 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "pain" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Pain | Last name | 170 | 46,004 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "pain". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Agrippina | N/A | Ancient Roman | One who causes great pain at his birth |
| Agrippa | N/A | Biblical | One who causes great pain at his birth |
| Benoni | N/A | Biblical | Pain |
| Bidkar | N/A | Biblical | Sharp pain |
| Havilah | N/A | Biblical | That suffers pain |
| Hul | N/A | Biblical | Pain |
| On | N/A | Biblical | Pain |
| Zeruiah | N/A | Biblical | Pain or tribulation of the Lord |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "pain": a pain in the guts ♦ a pain in the neck ♦ a shooting pain ♦ Abdominal Pain ♦ acute pain ♦ alleviate pain ♦ Arthritis Foundation Pain Reliever [OTC] ♦ Back Pain ♦ be a pain in the neck ♦ be convulsed with pain ♦ be in pain ♦ be out of pain ♦ be pain in the neck ♦ Brief Pain Inventory ♦ burning pain ♦ Cama Arthritis Pain Reliever [OTC] ♦ cause of pain ♦ cause pain ♦ causing pain ♦ chest pain ♦ Complex Regional Pain Syndromes ♦ cry of pain ♦ dragging pain ♦ drawn with pain ♦ drink the cup of pain ♦ ease pain ♦ ease the pain ♦ excruciating pain ♦ express pain ♦ Face Pain Rating ♦ Facial Pain ♦ feel pain ♦ Flank Pain ♦ free from pain ♦ free of pain ♦ give pain ♦ greedy of pain ♦ griping pain ♦ have a pain in ♦ have a pain in one's head ♦ have a pain in one's stomach ♦ heartfelt pain ♦ heterotopic pain ♦ howl with pain ♦ hunger pain ♦ inflict pain ♦ intense pain ♦ internal pain ♦ Joint pain ♦ labor pain ♦ labour pain ♦ low back pain ♦ Maximum Pain Relief Pamprin ♦ Menstrual Pain ♦ mental pain ♦ Motrin Migraine Pain [OTC] ♦ Muscular pain ♦ Myofascial Pain Syndromes ♦ nagging pain ♦ Neck Pain ♦ Nerve pain ♦ no pain no gain ♦ obtuse pain ♦ on pain of ♦ on pain of death ♦ oversensitive to pain ♦ pain barrier ♦ Pain Clinics ♦ Pain during intercourse ♦ Pain following meals ♦ pain in the ass ♦ pain in the neck ♦ pain in the net ♦ pain killer ♦ Pain Measurement ♦ pain pill ♦ pain receptor ♦ pain spot ♦ pain threshold ♦ pain unit ♦ Pain while chewing ♦ Pain while swallowing ♦ palliate a pain ♦ Pelvic Pain ♦ periodic pain ♦ phantom limb pain ♦ phantom pain ♦ physical pain ♦ piercing pain ♦ racked with pain ♦ referred pain ♦ rheumatic pain ♦ sadness pain ♦ scream with pain ♦ sense of pain ♦ sharp pain ♦ shooting pain ♦ Shoulder Pain ♦ Sominex Pain Relief ♦ stabbing pain ♦ suffer a great pain. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "pain": pain-ah-hee, pain-ascription, pain-avoiding, pain-bearer, pain-behaviour, pain-clouded, pain-consuming, pain-controlling, pain-crying, pain-dominant, pain-filled, pain-freaking, pain-free, pain-glove, pain-inflicting, pain-infliction, pain-in-the-arse, pain-killer, pain-killers, pain-killing, pain-language, pain-level, pain-lines, pain-maddened, pain-memory, pain-meters, pain-ometer, pain-producing, pain-provoking, pain-racked, pain-related, pain-relief, pain-relieving, pain-response, pain-ridden, pain-scarred, pain-scorched, pain-wracked. | |
Ending with "pain": back-pain, heat-pain. | |
Containing "pain": aren't-over-protective-mothers-a-complete-pain-in-the-arse, constipation-pain-retention, pleasure-pain principle. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
back pain | 2,749 | stomach pain | 475 |
pain | 2,335 | pain killer | 451 |
lower back pain | 1,212 | lord of pain | 448 |
neck pain | 1,145 | low back pain | 427 |
knee pain | 1,051 | comes here pain smackdown | 415 |
foot pain | 1,047 | chronic pain | 365 |
leg pain | 1,034 | kidney pain | 330 |
pain management | 893 | breast pain | 325 |
chest pain | 849 | au bon pain | 280 |
shoulder pain | 803 | arthritis pain relief | 266 |
comes here pain smackdown wwe | 709 | pelvic pain | 265 |
heel pain | 636 | upper back pain | 254 |
hip pain | 620 | wrist pain | 245 |
pain medication | 609 | pain medicine | 241 |
abdominal pain | 601 | below pain send | 239 |
joint pain | 598 | back pain relief | 229 |
muscle pain | 547 | pain pill | 228 |
house of pain | 535 | elbow pain | 215 |
pain relief | 506 | tooth pain | 199 |
arm pain | 502 | 5 comes here pain smackdown wwe | 195 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "pain"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | pyn (ache, pine, pine tree, pine-tree). (various references) | |
Albanian | dhembje (ache, dolor, dolour). (various references) | |
Arabic | كابد (suffer), كبد (liver), وجع (ache, ail, distress, fell, gripe, inflict, soreness, wrench), حزن (afflict, aggrieve, anger, bale, be sorrowful, be sorry, cloud, crack, darken, depress, depression, distress, doldrums, gloom, grief, grieve, gripe, heartache, melancholy, sadden, sadness, sadness pain, sorrow), عناء (trouble), عقوبة (get a hanging, gruel, penalization, penalty, punishment, retribution, sentence), عض (bitch, bite, champ, nibble, nip, snap), عانى (bear, brook, experience, know, stick, suffer), جهد (dint, effort, exert, exertion, labor, labour, overload, overstrain, overwork, pressure, spirt, spurt, strain, stress, tension, worry), الم (ache, soreness, sorrow, trouble), أمض, ألم (ache, distress, hurt, infirmity, inflict, misery, smart, soreness, sufferance, suffering, wrench), أسى (desolation, sorrow), أزعج (ail, annoy, beset, bother, burn, discompose, disquiet, disrupt, distress, disturb, get in the way, get on smb.'s nerves, gig, gnaw, grate, hamper, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, infest, intrude, irk, irritate, jolt, molest, nag, niggle, obsess, offend, peck, peeve, perturb, pester, plague, possess, prickle, put out, rasp, rattle, ruffle, saddle, torment, trouble, upset, vex). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | страдание (affliction, disease, hardship, infliction, malady, misery, sufferance, suffering), огорчение (embitterment, grief, mortification, smart), огорчавам (afflict, aggrieve, embitter, envenom, exacerbate, gall, grieve, lacerate, mortify), наказание (amercement, award, castigation, discipline, gruel, infliction, judgement, judgment, pay, payment, penalty, plague, punishment, rap, requital, retribution), мъка (ado, affliction, agony, desolation, excruciation, grief, heartache, laceration, misery, moil, suffering, toil, torment, torture), боля (twinge), болка (ache, affliction, ailment, dolor, dolour, hurt, smart, suffering, wound), причинявам страдание, причинявам болка (give smb. gyp, grieve, hurt, stab). (various references) | |
Catalan | dolor (ache). (various references) | |
Chinese | 痛苦 (painful, suffering). (various references) | |
Czech | pùsobit bolest, zármutek (bereavement, chagrin, distress, grief, regret, sadness, sorrow, unhappiness, woe), trest (castigation, nemesis, penalty, punishment, retribution), trápit (afflict, agonize, ail, bait, beset, bother, discommode, disgruntle, grieve, nag, pester, plague, pother, rack, tantalize, torment, torture, trouble, vex, worry), otrava (bitch, bore, bother, business, chore, drag, nark, pest, poison, spoilsport, tedium), hoře (grief, heartache, sorrow, woe), bolet (ache, ail, fester, hurt, rankle), bolest (ache, agony, anguish, bottleneck, hurt, unhappiness), žal (bereavement, heartache, heartbreak, pathos, regret, sadness, sorrow, woe). (various references) | |
Danish | smerte (ache). (various references) | |
Dutch | pijn (ache, dolor, pine), zeer (ache, painful, quite, very, very much), wee (ache, woe). (various references) | |
Esperanto | doloro. (various references) | |
Faeroese | pína (ache). (various references) | |
Farsi | محنت (Bale, Distress, Hardship, Toil, Tribulation), زحمت (Difficulty, Discomfort, Inconvenience, Labor, Torment, Trouble, Tug), رنج (Agony, Bale, Discomfort, Labor, Throe, Toil, Trial, Tribulation), دردکشیدن (Twinge), درددادن , درد (Agony, Ailment, Distress, Pang, Shoot). (various references) | |
Finnish | poltto (burning, combustion), pakotus (ache, compulsion), vaiva (annoyance, bother, trouble, worry), tuska (agony, anguish, distress, fear, torment), särky (ache), kolotus (ache), kivistys (ache), kipu. (various references) | |
French | douleur (pains), mal (pains), peine (pains). (various references) | |
Frisian | pine (ache). (various references) | |
German | Schmerz (ache, achiness, aching, distress, grief, hurt, pang, smart, soreness, sting), schmerzen (ache, achinesses, be painful, be sore, hurt, pangs, sorenesses, sting, to ache), Qual (ache, agony, anguish, distress, dolor, excruciation, ordeal, pang, pinch, torment, torture, vexation), Pein (agony, anguish, suffering, torment). (various references) | |
Greek | πόνος (ache, tenderness). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | dhembje (ache). (various references) | |
Hebrew | כאב (ache, grief, hurt, malady, soreness, suffering, torment, torture, wrench). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szenvedés (affliction, cross, excruciation, misery, pathos, smart, suffering, tribulation), fájdalom (ache, angina, angina pectoris, distress, dolor, dolour, ease from pain, gip, gippo, gout, grief, pang, soreness, suffering, throe, throes). (various references) | |
Icelandic | verkur (ache). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perasaan sakit, ngilu (smart), kepedihan (mordacity, poignancy, smarting), derita (affiction, anguish, suffering). (various references) | |
Irish | pian (ache). (various references) | |
Italian | dolore (ache, bale, distress, dolor, dolour, grief, mournfulness, painfulness, sorrow, woe), pena (ache, achiness, anguish, distress, dolor, dolour, grief, penalty, punishment, scourge, sorrow, suffering, trouble), male (ache, Amiss, bad, badly, disease, evil, harm, hurt, ill, illness, misfortune, not well, poorly, sickness, trouble, wrong, wrongly). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 苦痛 (agony), 苦痛 (agony), 苦しみ (anguish, distress, hardship, suffering), 苦心 (anxiety, diligence, hard work, trouble), 苦心 (anxiety, diligence, hard work, trouble), 疼痛 , 痛苦 (anguish), 痛み (ache, distress, grief, sore), 劇痛 , 労 (comforting, labor, puttingto work, striving, thanking, toil, trouble), 激痛 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | くし" (anxiety, diligence, hard work, trouble), くつう (agony), くるしみ (anguish, distress, hardship, suffering), つうく (anguish), いたずき (trouble), いたみ (ache, bruise, damage, distress, grief, sore), 'きつう (dramatic expert), とうつう. (various references) | |
Korean | 통 (Affliction, Afflictions, Agonies, Agony, Pains). (various references) | |
Luxembourgish | leed. (various references) | |
Malay | sakit (ache). (various references) | |
Manx | pianey (ache), pian (ache, aching, dolour), guinney (needle, shoot, shoot of pain, sting, wound, wounding), guinn (insect bite, smart), gortaghey (acidulate, hurt, hurting, maim), gonnid (peevishness, smarting, soreness), gew, geu (gib staff, setting pole), geiyaghey (festering), geiy (shard), geir, gaer (boil). (various references) | |
Norwegian | smerte (ache), pine (ache, anguish). (various references) | |
Papiamen | due (ache), dolór (ache), doló (ache). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ainpay.(various references) | |
Po |
