Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Infringement |
InfringementNoun1. An act that disregards an agreement or a right; "he claimed a violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment". 2. A crime less serious than a felony. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "infringement" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1748. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
General | Use of floor space outside exclusive booth area. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Infringement means "violation." Intellectual property rights include patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other legal arrangements that give someone the right to restrict other people's use of some idea (or "concept"). Specific kinds of infringement include software piracy, which is one kind of copyright infringement, as is pirating audio or video recordings.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Intellectual property right infringement."
Synonyms: InfringementSynonyms: infraction (n), misdemeanor (n), misdemeanour (n), offence (n), offense (n), violation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Disobedience | Noun: disobedience, insubordination, contumacy; infraction, infringement; violation, noncompliance; nonobservance. |
Nonobservance | Infringement, infraction; violation, transgression; piracy. |
Transcursion | Noun: transcursion, transiliency, transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation, transcendence; redundancy. |
Unconformity | Noun: {opp. } nonconformity; unconformity, disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity, abnormality, anomaly; anomalousness; Adjective: exception, peculiarity; infraction of law, breach, of law, violation of law, violation of custom, violation of usage, infringement of law, infringement of custom, infringement of usage; teratism, eccentricity, bizarrerie, oddity, je ne sais quoi, monster, monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, weirdo, mutant; rouser, snorter. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Infringement |
| English words defined with "infringement": Breach of trust ♦ Elias Howe ♦ free kick ♦ Howe ♦ To do violence to. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "infringement": Business Software Alliance ♦ CHECK PILOT, copyright clerk, COPYRIGHT EXPERT ♦ LAWYER, PATENT ♦ patent attorney ♦ software theft, solicitor, patent. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Equally, no action for infringement of industrial, literary or artistic property rights by such persons shall at any time be permissible in respect of the sale or offering for sale for a period of one year after the signature of the present Treaty in the territories of the Allied or Associated Powers on the one hand or Germany on the other, of products or articles manufactured, or of literary or artistic works published, during the period between the declaration of war and the signature of the present Treaty, or against those who have acquired and continue to use them. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | China amended its trademark regime in February 1993 to add special regulations for criminal prosecution for trademark infringement. (references) | |
Trademark infringement and counterfeiting are everyday facts of life, which remain to challenge brand holders and trademark owners in Russia. (references) | ||
It also has jurisdiction to hear and decide claims based on the infringement of a person's basic constitutional rights by a public authority. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Namibia | Human rights groups criticized the action as an infringement of freedom of movement; the Government defended the action on the grounds of public safety. (references) |
Zambia | The media have criticized these provisions as a clear infringement of press freedom and as a means for parliamentarians to bypass the court system in dealing with libel suits against the media. (references) | |
Zambia | Although the law gives the University Council a mandate to address faculty concerns, the Minister of Education is empowered to appoint the members of the Council; some academics have criticized this provision as an infringement of academic freedom. (references) | |
Economic History | Switzerland | Infringement is considered a criminal offense. (references) |
Guyana | Patent and trademark infringement is also common. (references) | |
Egypt | Fines amount to less than $100 per seizure, not per infringement. (references) | |
Human Rights | Mauritania | Following the 1999 arrest, the Government reacted strongly to what it considered an infringement on its sovereignty by a French court and refused entry to a French prosecutor who sought to gather information to support the charges. (references) |
Guyana | The team spent 18 months reviewing the Prison Service and found the major problems to be overcrowding, poor conditions for prisoners and staff, perceived infringement of basic human rights, minimal rehabilitation, and high cost to taxpayers. (references) | |
Political Economy | GHANA | Few infringement cases have been filed in Ghana in recent years. (references) |
Political Rights | Costa Rica | In December the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) decided not to accept a complaint against the Government alleging that the ban on presidential reelection constitutes an infringement of citizens' electoral rights. (references) |
Nigeria | In early December, the President signed an electoral law that rescheduled local elections from 2002 to 2003. State governors and state assemblies contested the provision as an infringement on the states' constitutional powers to control local government. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | Repeated expert examination may be carried out if there is any infringement of the terms and conditions of preliminary or basic examination, or if requested by the customer ordering such expert examination, provided essential shortcomings have been discovered in such preliminary or basic expert findings. (references) |
Worker Rights | Cameroon | The law protects children in the field of labor and education and specifies penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment for infringement of the law. (references) |
Lithuania | Complaints about the infringement of child labor regulations are referred to local prosecutors who investigate and take legal action to stop violations. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | This act, being considered an infringement of the rights of ambassadors and of nations, will form a just cause of complaint to the Government of France against the officer by whom it was committed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Infringement" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.93% of the time. "Infringement" is used about 374 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.93% | 370 | 14,662 |
| Noun (common) | 1.07% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 374 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "infringement": copyright infringement ♦ infringement of a patent ♦ infringement of copyright ♦ infringement of the law ♦ patent infringement. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "infringement"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | shkelje (breaking, crushing, delinquency, encroachment, impingement, infraction, invasion, irregularity, lap, obtrusion, offence, outrage, overlap, perambulation, squelcher, stamping, transgression, trespass, violation). (various references) | |
Arabic | مخالفة (breach, contravention, disagreement, dissent, infraction, misdemeanor, misdemeanour, transgression, violation), تعد (invasion, obtrusion), عدمو إحترام, خرق (breach, break, breaking, infraction, infringe, pierce, puncture, rent, riddle, transgress, transgression, violation), إنتهاك (contravention, desecration, encroachment, inroad, invasion, transgression, violation). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | нарушение (aberration, breach, breaker, breaking, contravention, defection, dereliction, disturbance, entrenchment, fault, foul, infraction, malpractice, offence, offense, perpetration, transgression, violation), посегателство (aggression, encroachment, impingement, inroad, invasion, violation). (various references) | |
Chinese | 违反 (Contravene, Contravened, Contravening, transgression). (various references) | |
Czech | porušení (betrayal of trust, breach, contravention, infraction, violation, violence), přestoupení (breach, transgression, violation), omezování. (various references) | |
Danish | vaere i modstrid med (violation), ejendoms krænkelse (tresspass), bebyggelse ud over skel (tresspass), arealoverskridelse. (various references) | |
Dutch | strijdigheid (violation), overtreding (misdemeanour), overschrijding van de standruimte, bebouwing over de grens (tresspass). (various references) | |
Finnish | rikkominen (breach, violation). (various references) | |
French | contravention, violation (inroad, invasion), infraction (infraction). (various references) | |
German | Verletzung (injury, breach, violation, lesion, wound), Unvereinbarkeit (incoherency, incompatibility, incongruousness, inconsistency, irreconcilableness), regelverstoß (foul), Rechtsverletzung (breach of the law, infringement of the law), Grenzüberbau (tresspass), gesetzesübertretung, bruch (fraction, fracture, breaking, rupture, breach, break, breakage, burst, fault, hernia), Übertretung (transgression, violation), Überbau (superstruction), übertretung (violation), übergriff (attack, encroachment, incursion, interference). (various references) | |
Greek | παράβαση (offence, transgression, violation). (various references) | |
Hebrew | עברה (adultery, contravention, crime, malfeasance, offence, sin, transgression, trespass), הפרה (annulment, breach, contravention, nullification, violation), הסגת גבול (encroachment, trespass). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szabálytalanság (abuse, anomaly, irregularity, malpractice), megszegés (transgression, breach, contravention, infraction, violation), áthágás (transgression, contravention). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pelanggaran (abridgement, breach, contravention, encroachment, offence, violation). (various references) | |
Italian | contravvenzione (fine, contravention, minutes, protocol). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 侵害 (impairment, trespass, violation). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しんがい (48th of the sexagenary cycle, impairment, new tax, regrettable, shock, terror, trespass, unthinkable, violation, wholly unexpected), しんしょく (bed and food, corrosion, eating and sleeping, erosion, mind and composure, Shinto priest, violation), しんぱん (brand new, invasion, judgement, referee, refereeing, sales on credit, trial, umpire, violation), かんぱん (deck, dry plate, government publication, violation), いはん (breach, transgression, violation), じゅうりん (overrunning, trampling down, trampling upon, violation). (various references) | |
Korean | 위반 (Offence, Offense, Violating, Violation). (various references) | |
Manx | cur stiagh er (annoy, call in, heckle, incommode, inconvenience, infringe, inroad, interference, interrupt, intervene, invade, invasion, molest, molestation), brishey (bankrupt, bankruptcy, break, breakage, burst, cash, change money, contravention, crash, decode, depose, dismiss, dismissal, failure, fracture, go back, interrupt, interruption, raise, repulse, ruin, small change, stump, violation, wane). (various references) | |
Norwegian | overtredelse (violence). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | infringementay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | invasão de propriedade alheia (tresspass), infrao (infraction), violao (infraction), usurpao de direitos, transgresso (infraction), ocupação indevida de espaço. (various references) | |
Romanian | violare (infraction, invasion, rape, violation), încãlcare (contravention, encroachment, infraction, inroad, invasion, offence, violation). (various references) | |
Russian | нарушение (contravention, offence, violation), посягательство (encroachment, inroad, invasion). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | prekršaj (breach, delict, foul, infraction, malfeasance, misdemeanor, misdemeanour, offense, violation). (various references) | |
Spanish | invasión (invasion, encroachment), infracción (infraction). (various references) | |
Swedish | intrång (intrusion, inroad). (various references) | |
Turkish | ihlal (breach, contravention, delict, infraction, intrusion, invasion, transgression), tecâvüz (aggression, an outrage upon decency, assault, breaking in, desecration, encroachment, incursion, infraction, inroad, intrusion, invasion, offence, offense, outrage, rape, trespass, violence), karşı gelme (contravention, kick, noncompliance, non-compliance, objection, protest, resistance), bozma (annulment, breach, breaking, cancel, cancellation, changing, corruption, defacement, dislocation, dissolution, exchange, impairment, infraction, mutilation, obliteration, perversion, ruining, spoiling, stain, violation, vitiation). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | замах (attempt, encroachment, inroad), зазіхання (invasion), порушення (breach, contravention, defection, deviation, dislocation, infraction, interruption). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự xâm phạm (attempt, trespass, violation), sự vi phạm (contravention, impingement, violation). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "infringement": infringements. (additional references) | |
| |
"Infringement" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: enfringement, infingement, infrigement, infringemnet, infringment. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "infringement" (pronounced i'nfri"njmunt) |
| 6 | -n j m u n t | arrangement, estrangement, rearrangement. |
| 5 | -j m u n t | acknowledgement, acknowledgment, discouragement, disengagement, encouragement, engagement, enlargement, judgement, judgment, management, micromanagement, misjudgment, mismanagement, nonmanagement, prejudgment. |
| 4 | -m u n t | aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, amendment, amusement, announcement, annulment, antigovernment, apartment, appeasement, appointment, apportionment, argument, armament, arraignment, accompaniment, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, accouterment, achievement, adamant, adjournment, adjustment, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, assessment, assignment, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attachment, attainment, banishment, basement, battlement, bemusement, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, bombardment, claimant, Clement, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, complement, comportment, concealment, condiment, confinement, consignment, containment, contentment, copayment, curtailment, impairment, impeachment, impediment, implement, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, debarment, debasement, deferment, department, deployment, deportment, derailment, detachment, determent, detriment, development, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, displacement, divestment, dormant, easement, element, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, escapement, escarpment, establishment, excitement, excrement, experiment, extinguishment, figment, filament, formant, fragment, fulfillment, garment, garnishment, government, harassment, incitement, inclement, increment, indictment, inducement, informant, infotainment, installment, instrument, integument, internment, intersegment, investment, involvement, ligament, maltreatment, measurement, misgovernment, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monument, movement, nongovernment, nonpayment, nourishment, ointment, ornament, orpiment, outplacement, overpayment, overstatement, parchment, parliament, pavement, payment, pigment, placement, postponement, postretirement, predicament, prepayment, presentment, procurement, pronouncement, punishment, puzzlement, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, reassessment, reassignment, recruitment, redeployment, redevelopment, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refurbishment, regiment, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, repayment, replacement, replenishment, requirement, resentment, resettlement, restatement, retirement, retrenchment, rudiment, sacrament, sediment, segment, sentiment, settlement, shipment, statement, supplement, temperament, tenement, testament, tournament, treatment, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, vehement, wonderment. |
| 3 | -u n t | agent, ambient, ambivalent, ancient, antecedent, antidepressant, antioxidant, apparent, applicant, ardent, argent, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, adherent, adjacent, adjutant, adolescent, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assistant, astringent, attendant, belligerent, beneficent, benevolent, blatant, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, clairvoyant, client, coefficient, cogent, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, compliant, component, concomitant, concurrent, confident, confluent, consequent, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, contaminant, contestant, continent, contingent, convalescent, convenient, convent, convergent, conversant, coolant, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impatient, impertinent, important, impotent, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, dependent, depressant, descendant, descendent, despondent, detergent, determinant, deterrent, deviant, different, diligent, discordant, disinfectant, disobedient, dispersant, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divergent, docent, dominant, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, elephant, eloquent, emergent, emigrant, eminent, entrant, equivalent, errant, esculent, evanescent, evident, excellent, exigent, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, exponent, extant, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, gallant, giant, grandiloquent, grandparent, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, incumbent, indecent, independent, indifferent, indigent, indignant, indolent, indulgent, inefficient, infant, infrequent, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, instant, insufficient, insurgent, intelligent, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, intolerant, intransigent, invariant, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, merchant, migrant, militant, miscreant, monovalent, mordant, mutant, nascent, negligent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nonresident, nonviolent, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, outpatient, overconfident, oxidant, pageant, parent, participant, patent, patient, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, piquant, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prescient, present, prevalent, proficient, prominent, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, pungent, pursuant, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, reagent, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recurrent, redundant, refrigerant, Regent, registrant, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repellent, repentant, repugnant, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, resultant, resurgent, retardant, reticent, reverent, rodent, ruminant, salient, seafront, sealant, semipermanent, Sequent, sergeant, serpent, servant, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, stimulant, strident, stringent, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, tangent, tenant, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, urgent, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-f-g-i-i-m-n-n-n-r-t" | |
-2 letters: fermenting. | |
-3 letters: interning, reminting. | |
-4 letters: entering, feinting, feminine, infringe, meriting, metering, mitering, refining, regiment, reignite, retiming. | |
-5 letters: emeriti, eminent, feigner, feminie, ferment, figment, finnier, finning, firemen, firming, freeing, ginnier, igniter, integer, interim, interne, iteming, meeting, metring, mingier, mintier, minting, mitring, niftier, niterie, reefing, regimen, reining, renting, rifting, ringent, rinning, teeming, terming, termini, tiering, tinnier. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-f-g-i-i-m-n-n-n-r-t" | |
+1 letter: infringements. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
