Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Infestation |
InfestationNoun1. The state of being overrun in unpleasantly large numbers (as by parasites). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "infestation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biology & Biotechnology | Increase in numbers of insects in a forest or a stand, e. g. Zeiraphera diniana or Choristoneura fumiferana. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | An attack and investment by macroscopic organisms in considerable concentration. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin and/or its appendages, as by insects, mites, or ticks; sometimes used to denote parasitic invasion of the organs and tissues, as by helminths. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | The presence and development of arthropods and parasites on the body, in clothing or buildings. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Disease | Taint, pollution, infection, sepsis, septicity, infestation; epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic; murrain, plague, pestilence, pox. |
Pain | Infestation, molestation; malignity; (malevolence). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Y'know, I've noticed an infestation here (Men in Black; writing credit: Ed Solomon) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Black-tailed Deer Larval Infestation. Credit: Alaska Historical Image Library. |  | Children in rural school. San Augustine County, Texas. Boy on left has hookworm. The hookworm infestation of rural children is high in this section. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | School in rural area. San Augustine County, Texas. Hookworm infestation is high in this county. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Inform any sexual partners that they are at risk for infestation. (references) | |
Scabies is an infestation of the skin with the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei. (references) | ||
Contact must be prolonged (a quick handshake or hug will usually not spread infestation). (references) | ||
Political Economy | Mauritania | Drought, desertification, and insect infestation have contributed to rapid urbanization, extensive unemployment, pervasive poverty, and a burdensome foreign debt. (references) |
Trade | New Zealand | The Ministry of Agriculture may inspect the shipment on arrival, and if signs of insect infestation are present, order the consignment to be either fumigated or denied entry. (references) |
New Zealand | The GNZ has established a requirement that exporters' declarations must include a statement to the effect that any wooden or plywood packing case, crates, wooden containers, or cargo pallets destined for New Zealand have been inspected before shipment and found to be free from bark and visible signs of insect and fungal infestation. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Infestation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.04% of the time. "Infestation" is used about 104 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.04% | 103 | 32,137 |
| Noun (common) | 0.96% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 104 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "infestation": redworm infestation ♦ spot infestation ♦ Strongylus infestation ♦ warble fly infestation ♦ worm infestation. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "infestation": man-infestation, re-infestation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "infestation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 大批出没. (various references) | |
Danish | invasion (invasion), infestering, infestation, skadedyrsangreb, angreb (access, aggression, attack). (various references) | |
Dutch | plaag (calamity, scourge). (various references) | |
Esperanto | infesto. (various references) | |
Finnish | infestaatio, tuhoeläinsaastunta, loistartunta (parasitic infestation). (various references) | |
French | infestation (infection), attaque d'insectes (insect attack, insect outbreak). (various references) | |
German | verseuchung (contamination, infection, poisoning), Heimsuchung (affliction, disaster, plague, visitation), befall (attack). (various references) | |
Greek | κάκωση (injury, lesion), μόλυνση (contagion, contamination, defilement, infection, pollution), προσβολή (affront, assault, attack, blow, derogation, indignity, insult, invective, mortification, offence, outrage, slur, stroke, umbrage), ενόχληση (annoyance, bother, disturbance, harassment, hassle, importunity, inconvenience, moil, molestation, nuisance, peeve, trouble, vexation), λοίμωξη (infection). (various references) | |
Hebrew | שריצ". (various references) | |
Hungarian | rovarfertőzés, fertőzés (contagion, infection, taint). (various references) | |
Italian | invasione (descent, encroachment, invasion, plague), infestione, infestazione di insetti (insect attack, insect infestation, insect outbreak), infestazione (parasitic disease). (various references) | |
Manx | plaih chartan (tick infestation). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | infestationay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | infestao, infestação, epidemia de insetos (insect attack, insect outbreak), ataque de insetos (insect attack, insect outbreak). (various references) | |
Romanian | infestare. (various references) | |
Spanish | infestación. (various references) | |
Swedish | infestation, infektion (infection), hemsökelse (affliction, asperity, infliction, plague, scourge, visitation), härjning (depredation, ravage), angrepp (access, aggression, assault, attack, charge, offence, offense, onfall, onset, swoop, thrust). (various references) | |
Turkish | istila (incursion, invasion, irruption, spreading over), sarma (envelopment, involvement, packing, stuffed dish, twine, winding, wrapping), bürüme. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | інвазія (invasion). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự tr n v o quấy phá, sự tr n v o phá hoại. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "infestation": infestations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "infestation": disinfestation, reinfestation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "infestation": disinfestations, reinfestations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Infestation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: indectation, ingestation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "infestation" (pronounced i'nfe'stā"shun) |
| 7 | -e' s t ā" sh u n | protestation. |
| 6 | -s t ā" sh u n | crustacean, deforestation, devastation, gestation, incrustation, manifestation, molestation, reforestation, station, superstation. |
| 5 | -t ā" sh u n | facilitation, fermentation, accreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, argumentation, augmentation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, confrontation, connotation, consultation, decapitation, deportation, dictation, dilatation, disorientation, disputation, dissertation, documentation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, experimentation, exploitation, flirtation, flotation, fragmentation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, implantation, implementation, importation, imputation, incantation, incapacitation, indentation, inhabitation, instrumentation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, meditation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mutation, notation, orientation, ornamentation, ostentation, palpitation, permutation, pigmentation, plantation, precipitation, premeditation, presentation, quotation, recantation, recitation, refutation, regimentation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, representation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, sedimentation, segmentation, solicitation, temptation, transplantation, transportation, vegetation, visitation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: sinfonietta. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-f-i-i-n-n-o-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: antinoise, fetations, infestant, intonates. | |
-3 letters: enations, faintest, fetation, finniest, fistnote, fontinas, infantes, intonate, niftiest, notifies, ostinati, sainfoin, sinfonia, sinfonie, sonatine, stannite, tinniest, tinstone, tontines. | |
-4 letters: anoints, asinine, atonies, enation, fainest, fanions, fannies, fattens, fatties, finites, fontina, inanest, infante, infants, inosite, instant, instate, intents, intines, intones, isatine, nations, nifties, notates, onanist, satinet, stanine, station. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-f-i-i-n-n-o-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: infestations, sinfoniettas. | |
+2 letters: infotainments, manifestation, reinfestation. | |
+3 letters: autoinfections, disinfestation, manifestations, reinfestations. | |
+4 letters: centrifugations, confraternities, disinfestations, fraternizations, functionalities, gentrifications, identifications, intensification, latensification. | |
+5 letters: denitrifications, differentiations, intensifications, latensifications, prenotifications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
