Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Hoax

Definition: Hoax

Hoax

Noun

1. Something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage.

Verb

1. Subject to a palyful hoax or joke.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "hoax" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1613. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Hoax

DomainDefinition

Literature

Hoax (See Canard .). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Publishing & Graphic Arts

Extravagant or absurd story circulated as a hoax; a false report. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Hoax

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A hoax is an attempt to trick one or more people to believe that something false is real. Unlike a fraud or con, which are made for illicit financial or material gain, or a pious fraud, which is perpetrated for religious reasons, a hoax is often perpetrated as a practical joke with a humorous intent, to cause embarrassment, for personal aggrandizement or to serve political purposes. Still, many confidence tricks and the like have also been labeled as hoaxes.

Many hoaxes are also motivated by a desire to satirize or educate by exposing the credulity of the public or the absurdity of the target: literary and artistic hoaxes are often of this sort, although political hoaxes are sometimes motivated in part or whole by the desire to ridicule or expose politicians or political institutions.

The status of a given factoid as reliable or hoax is often the subject of considerable controversy.

Historically Important Hoaxes

Proven Hoaxes

Probable Hoaxes

Possible Hoaxes

Practical Joke Hoaxes

Known pranksters

Hoaxes of Exposure

"Hoaxes of exposure" can be thought of as semi-comical, private sting operations. Their usual purpose is to expose people acting foolishly or credulously, to encourage them to fall for something that the hoaxer hopes to reveal as patent nonsense. See also culture jamming.

Too creative journalists

Journalist may be over-eager to "get a story", both to increase his own prestige or write something that would increase the sales of the publication.

Fictitious people

See also: famous April Fool's Day jokes, forgery, Impostors, Internet humour

External Links

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Synonyms: Hoax

Synonyms: dupery (n), fraud (n), fraudulence (n), humbug (n), put-on (n), play a joke on (v), pull someone's leg (v). (additional references)
Synonyms by domain: hoaxing (publishing & graphic arts).

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Synonyms within Context: Hoax

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Deception

Verb: deceive, take in; defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false, bilk, cully, jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize; abuse; mystify; blind one's eyes; blindfold, hoodwink; throw dust into the eyes; dupe, gull, hoax, fool, befool, bamboozle, flimflam, hornswoggle; trick.

Trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble, fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite; card sharping, stacked deck, loaded dice, quick shuffle, double dealing, dealing seconds, dealing from the bottom of the deck; artful dodge, swindle; tricks upon travelers; stratagem; (artifice); confidence trick, fake, hoax; theft; ballot-box stuffing barney, brace game, bunko game, drop game, gum game, panel game; shell game, thimblerig; skin game.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Hoax

English words defined with "hoax": Bam, befooldupefoolgullHoaxed, HoaxingMare's-nestPiltdown hoax, Piltdown man, play a joke on, pull someone's leg, put on, put one across, put one overslangtake in. (references)
Specialty definitions using "hoax": Hocus PocusJeff K.kremvax. (references)

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Modern Usage: Hoax

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Because if any human being were going to perpetrate such a fantastic hoax, it would've been me (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster)

Lyrics

To satisfy the hoax. (THE COURT OF THE CRIMSON KING; performing artist: King Crimson)

Movie/TV Titles

The Hoax (1972)

Stage Hoax (1952)

The Hoax House (1916)

A Hospital Hoax (1912)

The Great Bank Hoax (1977)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Hoax

DomainTitle

Books

  • The Alternative Medicine Hoax (reference)

  • The Hoax of the Twentieth Century the Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry (reference)

  • Turn Me On, Dead Man: The Complete Story of the Paul McCartney Death Hoax (Rock & Roll Remembrances, No 12) (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Hoax

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Nancy Grace

Smart has the letter. He just told us. Police don't even have the letter. And we can sit back and armchair quarterback that it's a hoax. But they need to be following up on this and not bungle this the way they sat on that video.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Hoax

"Hoax" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.92% of the time. "Hoax" is used about 144 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)97.92%14126,682
Lexical Verb (infinitive)1.39%2245,945
Lexical Verb (base form)0.69%1339,140
                    Total100.00%144N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Hoax

Expressions using "hoax": hoax virus piltdown hoax play a hoax on smb.. Additional references.

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "hoax": bomb-hoax.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Hoax

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

hoax

833

computer hoax

20

virus hoax

389

computer virus hoax

19

email hoax

363

hoax microsoft

19

internet hoax

182

bear hoax teddy

18

moon hoax

139

hoax site

17

moon landing hoax

119

holocaust hoax

16

busters hoax

89

hoax jessica lynch

16

e mail hoax

61

apollo hoax

16

hoax jdbgmgr.exe

61

email hoax microsoft

15

baby crying hoax

54

hoax jdbgmgr

14

hoax ups

54

hoax pepsi

12

hoax uniform ups

49

credit hoax report

11

hoax legend urban

39

hoax picture

11

buster hoax

28

brown hoax penny

10

best buy hoax

27

best buy email hoax

10

applebees hoax

24

lunar landing hoax

10

bear hoax teddy virus

22

aol hoax microsoft

10

hoax web site

22

hoax web

10

bill gate hoax

20

credit hoax

9

virus hoax jdbgmgr.exe

20

guts hoax it jesus say take

9
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Hoax

Language Translations for "hoax"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

beetneem (captivate, capture, catch, clutch, fool, grapple, mystify, take, take in, trick), beethê (fool, have, have got hold of, mystify, trick), bedot (fool, mystify, trick). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

vë në lojë (guy, hocus, pull smb.'s leg, tease), tallem (flout, fool about, fool around, jape, jeer, joke, laugh at, make fun of, make smb. laugh, make sport of, mock, quiz, scoff), shaka (badinage, crack, facetiae, gag, jape, jest, jocosity, jocularity, joke, lark, persiflage, play, pleasantry, prank, quiz, spoof, trick, waggery), rreng (fraud, frolic, hokey-pokey, kicker, practical joke, prank, rig, trick), i punoj një rreng (hocus). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏نكتة (anecdote, crack, gag, jest, joke, pleasantries, rib, witticism), ‏قدم نكته, ‏خدعة (artifice, deception, dodge, fetch, fraud, gag, ploy, ruse, sleight, stratagem, subterfuge, trick, wile), ‏خدع (bamboozle, beguile, betray, bilk, bitch, bite, blind, bluff, brown, bubble, camouflage, catch, cheat, chisel, con, crook, deceive, deception, decoy, defraud, delude, diddle, do, dupe, entrap, fall for, feint, fiddle, fob, fool, fox, get round, give the lie to, gull, gyp, hocus pocus, humbug, illusory, impose, intrigue, jape, job, leg pull, lure, mislead, mock, mystify, nick, overreach, pitch, play a trick, pose, prank, pull a fast one, pull his leg, ream, rook, sell, settle his hash, skin, skunk, slang, stick, string along, swank, swindle, take for a ride, take in, trick, victimize, wile). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

шега (chaff, fun, game, jape, jest, jig, joke, lark, pleasantry, prank, quiz, raillery, rib, sport, tease, trick, waggery), номер (event, feature, fetch, item, jig, number, performance, registration number, size, waggery), погаждам номер на, измама (bunco, bunko, cheat, chouse, cozenage, cross, deceit, deception, delusion, do, double cross, double dealing, doubling, dupery, falsity, fiddle, flam, foul play, frame up, fraud, gaff, gag, gouge, guile, gyp, hankey-pankey, hanky panky, have on, hocus pocus, humbug, imposition, imposture, indirection, jiggery pokery, jockeying, jugglery, kid, lemon, overreach, plant, pretence, put on, rig, rip off, roguery, sell, sellout, sham, shuffle, simulacrum, skin game, spoof, swindle, take in, thimblerig, trickery, twist), измислица (concoction, excogitation, fable, fabrication, fairy tale, fake, fib, fiction, figment, flam, invention, make believe, make up, myth, nonentity, tale, tall story, taradiddle), излъгвам (delude, have, jockey, pull a fast one). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

骗局. (various references)

   

Czech

  

smyšlenka (cock and bull story, fable, figment, invention), podfuk (con, fiddle, wangle), obalamutit koho, napálit (bamboozle, beat, cheat, con, dupe, fool, slog, take in), kanadský žertík (rag), bouda (booth, cabin, hut, hutch, stall). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

beetnemen (captivate, capture, catch, clutch, fool, grapple, mystify, take in, trick), beduvelen (fool, mystify, trick), bedotten (bilk, cheat, fool, mystify, take in, trick). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

mistifiki (fool, mystify, trick). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

گول زدن (Bamboozle, Beguile, Cajole, Cheat, Con, Deceive, Defraud, Doodle, Dupe, Entrap, Fool, Gaff, Gouge, Gull, Gum, Gyp, Hustle, Jockey, Outwit, Rogue, Swindle, Wheedle), شوخی فریب امیز (Hob, Humbug), دست انداختن (Banter, Fool, Game, Gibe, Kid, Lark, Ridicule, Spoof). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

ankka (canard, drake, duck, false report). (various references)

   

French

  

canular. (various references)

   

German

  

ente (bed urinal, canard, duck, false report). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

κοροϊδία (jeer, jiggery pokery, kidding, mockery, raillery, spoof), γελώ (cackle, laugh), αστεϊσμόσ (badinage, banter, jest, joke, kidding, rally, waggery), αστειευόμενοσ (josher), αστείο (antics, chaff, fun, gag, jape, jest, joke, pleasantry, sport), απάτη (beguilement, bilk, cheat, circumvention, con, deceit, deception, delusion, fake, fallacy, fraud, gammon, guile, gyp, humbug, humbuggery, imposition, imposture, jiggery pokery, scam, sham, spoof, swindle, swindling, trick, trickery), απατώ (bamboozle, beguile, bilk, bluff, cheat, chisel, circumvent, con, deceive, dupe, fool, gouge, gyp, hoodwink, humbug, impose, jockey, juggle, rook, sham, shave, shortchange, spoof, swindle, trick). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מעש" קו "ס (jape, lark, practical joke, prank), תעלול (antic, caper, caprice, machination, mischief, practical joke, prank, quip, rag, trick, whim). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

megtévesztés (deceit, deception, delusion, demonstration, misrepresentation, mockery, mystification), beugratás (con game, confidence game, confidence trick, have on, take in). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

olok-olok (badinage, quip, quirk, raillery), memperdayakan (see: mendaya). (various references)

   

Italian

  

truffa (cheat, do, fiddle, fraud, racket, swindle, swindling), scherzo, falso allarme, mistificare (bamboozle, fool, mystify), inganno (catch, cheat, craft, deceit, deception, dupery, flam, gammon, guile, humbug, imposition, imposture, swindle, swindling, trick, trickery, wile), ingannare (abuse, bamboozle, be mistaken, be wrong, beguile, bluff, cheat, cod, deceive, delude, do, dupe, fool, Fox, gull, hocus, hoodwink, impose, kid, lie, mislead, stall, swindle, trick, trickery, victimise, victimize), frottola (fib, flam), fandonia (humbug, story), canard (canard), beffa (banter, cheat, derisiveness, gibe, jeer, jest, jibe, joke, lark, mock, mockery, scoff, spoof). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

(Fabricating). (various references)

   

Manx

  

jannoo cluic, cluic (prank, ruse, stunt, subterfuge, trick). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

spøk (gag, jest, joke), puss. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

oaxhay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

mistificar (bamboozle, flimflam, green, gull, hocus, hocus-pocus, humbug, mystify, spoof, trick, wangle). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

pãcãli (cheat, deceive, diddle, do, dupe, fool, gammon, get, gull, hocus, hornswoggle, kid, let in, lime, nobble, outflank, outsmart, outwit, sell, Spruce, stuff, trick, trump, twist), pãcãlealã (dupery, farce, joke, leg pull, sell), mistifica (falsify, mystify), festã (farce, gammon, practical joke, prank, shuffle), farsã (farce, humbug, interlude, joke, leg pull, low comedy, Masquerade, trick), bluf (bluff), bazaconie (eccentricity, extravagance, Folly, singularity), înşelãciune (bluff, cheat, deceit, deception, fake, flim-flam, foul play, frame up, fraud, guile, humbug, illusion, intake). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

розыгрыш (leg-pull, playoff, practical joke), мистифицировать мистификация, мистификация (cantrip, leg pull, mystification, quiz), подшучивать (banter, chaff, joke, jolly, make game of, monkey, poke fun, quiz, rag, rally, razz). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

podvaliti (cheat, gouge, gull, swindle, welch, welsh), podvala (fraud, gouge, hankey-pankey, hanky panky, hokum, humbug, imposture, jew's pitch, jiggery pokery, plant, swindle), obmana (bluff, bubble, chicanery, circumvention, cozenage, deceit, deception, delusion, fraud, jugglery). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

engañar (bamboozle, be deceptive, befool, beguile, belie, betray, bilk, bite, bluff, buffalo, cheat, cheat on, circumvent, con, cozen, deceive, delude, do a room, double cross, dupe, fob, fool, hocus, hoodwink, kill, mislead, mystify, outsmart, pull a fast one, put across, put off, put over, put upon, spoof, stay, swindle, take in, trick, while away). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

spratt (Dido, lark, prank, spoof, trick), lura (bamboozle, beat, befool, beguile, cheat, chicane, chisel, chouse, clip, cod, con, cozen, deceive, decoy, delude, diddle, do, do down, dope, double cross, double-cross, dupe, entrap, euchre, flay, fool, Fox, gaff, gudgeon, gull, have, hocus pocus, hokey-pokey, hoodwink, hook, humbug, impose, inveigle, jockey, kid, lure, out-jockey, overreach, rip off, rook, sell, short-change, swindle, trick). (various references)

   

Thai

  

การหลอกลวง (cheat, duplicity, humbug, lie, mountebankery, sleight, swindle), หลอกลวง (betray, cheat, dupe, euchre, fake out, fiddle, fool, fox, fudge, gull, humbug, mountebank). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

sazanlamak (cod, spoof), sazanlama (leg pull, spoof), oyun etmek (deceive, hocus, palter, play a trick, play a trick on smb., play smb. a trick, pull a fast one, trick), oyun (act, acting, canard, dance, device, frolic, game, performance, play, presentment, representation, spectacle, sport, stage play, trick, wheeze), muziplik (caper, Dido, fooling, frolic, joke, lark, prank, rag, teasing, trick), kafese koyma, işletmek (actuate, bamboozle, befool, cod, control, dupe, exploit, hornswoggle, keep, kid, manage, operate, ply, pull smb.'s leg, run, run the show, spoof, work), işletme (exploitation, keeping, leg pull, management, operating, operation, operational, plant, running, undertaking, working, workings). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

розігрувати (bam, bamboozle, spoof), розиграш, обман (bam, bamboozle, beguilement, bilk, bluff, bunko, cheat, chouse, circumvention, cozenage, deceit, deception, delusion, do, double cross, foist, fraud, fraudulence, fraudulency, gammon, gouge, guile, hanky panky, imposture, juggle, jugglery, lie, overreach, phoney, phony, pretence, pretense, ruse, sell, sham, swindle, trickery, victimization, wile), обдурювати (befool, bilk, cheat, chouse, cod, cog, counterfeit, deceive, doodle, dupe, flimflam, gull, hocus, hoodwink, humbug, jockey, juggle, prey, put upon, queer, sell short), містифікувати (bamboozle, mystify), містифікація (cantrip, chouse, mystification). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

trò chơi xỏ tin vịt báo chí, trò chơi khăm (practical, prank), trò đánh lừa (humbug). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Hoax

Derivations

Words beginning with "hoax": hoaxed, hoaxer, hoaxers, hoaxes, hoaxing. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Hoax" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: hao, Haux, hax, haxy, Heux, hoab, hoad, hoaf, hoag, hoah, Hoak, hoam, hoan, hoat, hoaxe, hoaxi, hoaxs, hoaxy, hoex, hoga, Hoham, hoia, hoiks, hoix, hoja, Hoka, Holah, Hopak, Houa, Houx, Hoxd, hoxi, Hoxja, hoxy, hozad, huac, Huai, koax, moax, noxa, oax, oha, Ohad, ohay, royaux, toax, whoax, woax. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Hoax"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "hoax" (pronounced hō"ks)
3-ō" k sblokes, chokes, coax, cokes, evokes, folks, invokes, jokes, mokes, oaks, pokes, provokes, smokes, soaks, spokes, Stokes, strokes, yokes, yolks.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Hoax

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-h-o-x"

-1 letter: hao.

-2 letters: ah, ax, ha, ho, oh, ox.

 Words containing the letters "a-h-o-x"
 

+2 letters: hatbox, hoaxed, hoaxer, hoaxes, thorax.

 

+3 letters: boxhaul, cashbox, chamoix, hexagon, hexapod, hexosan, hoaxers, hoaxing, hypoxia, oxheart, saxhorn.

 

+4 letters: amphioxi, boxhauls, chronaxy, hatboxes, hexagons, hexapods, hexapody, hexosans, hypoxias, matchbox, oxhearts, saxhorns, thoraxes, xanthoma, xanthone, xanthous.

 

+5 letters: amphioxus, auxotroph, boxhauled, cashboxes, chronaxie, hexachord, hexagonal, hexaploid, hypotaxes, hypotaxis, hypoxemia, prothorax, saxophone, shadowbox, toxaphene, xanthomas, xanthones, xylograph.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Quotations: Spoken
7. Usage Frequency
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Derivations
12. Rhymes
13. Anagrams
14. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.