Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Absorption |
AbsorptionNoun1. (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid. 2. (physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; "the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules". 3. The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another. 4. The process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion. 5. Complete attention; intense mental effort. 6. The mental state of being preoccupied by something. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "absorption" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1788. (references) |
Etymology: Absorption \Ab*sorp"tion\, noun. [Latin expression absorptio, from absorbere. See Absorb.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Aerospace | 1. The process by which radiant energy is absorbed and converted into other forms of energy. See attenuation. Absorption takes place only after the radiant flux enters a medium and thus acts only on the entering flux not on the incident flux, some of which may be reflected at the surface of the medium. A substance which absorbs energy may also be a medium of refraction, diffraction, or scattering; these processes, however, involve no energy retention or transformation and are to be clearly differentiated from absorption. 2. In general, the taking up or assimilation of one substance by another. See sorption, adsorption.3. In vacuum technology, gas entering into the interior of a solid. (references) |
Biology & Biotechnology | The upward passage, by osmosis, of inorganic salts in solution from soil water to the root hairs. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemical Industry | Separation according to size or type making use of difference in solubility in a liquid, for example, light gases from heavier ones(gas liquid systems). Source: European Union. (references) |
| The amount of preservative or other chemical absorbed by timber, generally expressed in lb/ft3 or kg/m3, of treated volume or, particularly in diffusion treatments, as a percentage of the oven-dry weight of the piece. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Economics | 1. An economic term for the total expenditures by a nation's residents on goods and services. 2. The assumption by one carrier of the charges of another without any increase in the charges to the shipper. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | In radio wave propagation, the attenuation of a radio wave due to its energy being dissipated, i. e. converted into another form such as heat. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The irreversible conversion of the energy of an electromagnetic wave into another form of energy as a result of its interaction with matter. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Energy | The passing of a substance or force into the body of another substance. (references) |
Environment | The uptake of water , other fluids, or dissolved chemicals by a cell or an organism (as tree roots absorb dissolved nutrients in soil.). (references) |
| The process by which incident light is removed from the atmosphere and retained by a particle. (references) | |
Food & Agriculture | In physiology, one of the vital organic functions, the conveying to the blood stream or lymph of the materials of nutrition, by means of the lacteals or the lymphatics. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | The process of taking in. For a person or an animal, absorption is the process of a substance getting into the body through the eyes, skin, stomach, intestines, or lungs. (references) |
Meteorology & Standards | An atomic or nuclear interaction in which an incident particle disappears as a free particle even when one or more of the same or different particles are subsequently emitted. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | Taking up, assimilation, or incorporation; as, the absorption of gases in liquids, as distinguished from adsorption. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A. The phenomenon observed when a pleochroic mineral is rotated in plane polarized light. In certain positions, the mineral is darker than in others, owing to the absorption of light. b. In hydrology, a term applied to the entrance of surface water into the lithosphere by all methods c. The reduction of light intensity in transmission through an absorbing substance or in reflection from a surface. In crystals, the absorption may vary with the wavelength and with the electric vector of the transmitted light with respect to crystallographic directions. d. Any mechanism by which energy, e.g., electromagnetic or seismic, is converted into heat. e. Taking up, assimilation, or incorporation, e.g., of liquids in solids or of gases in liquids. CF:adsorptionf. The entrance of surface water into the lithosphere by any method. (references) | |
Nuclear Energy & Physics | The phenomenon in which incident radiation transfers some or all of its energy to the matter which it traverses. Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | The process in which radiant energy is retained by a substance. A further process always results from absorption, that is, the irreversible conversion of the absorbed radiation into some other form of energy within and according to the nature of the absorbing medium. The absorbing medium itself may emit radiation, but only after an energy conversion has occurred. (references) |
Shipping | One carrier assumes the charges of another without any increase in charges to the shipper. (references) |
Solar | When the substance of interest is captured by another substance, reducing the amount available. For examble, solar energy is absorbed by some atmospheric molecules, solar collectors, and the ocean. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In optics, absorption is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an atom which makes a transition between two electronic energy levels. The photon is destroyed in the process.
See also Beer-Lambert law.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Absorption."
Synonyms: AbsorptionSynonyms: assimilation (n), concentration (n), engrossment (n), preoccupancy (n), preoccupation (n), soaking up (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Attention | Absorption of mind; (abstraction). |
Combination | Noun: combination; mixture; junction; union, unification, synthesis, incorporation, amalgamation, embodiment, coalescence, crasis, fusion, blending, absorption, centralization. |
Inattention | Abstraction; absence of mind, absorption of mind; preoccupation, distraction, reverie, brown study, deep musing, fit of abstraction. |
Reception | Noun: reception; admission, admittance, entree, importation; introduction, intromission; immission, ingestion, imbibation, introception, absorption, ingurgitation, inhalation; suction, sucking; eating, drinking; (food); insertion; interjection; introit. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It is one of their favorite places to harvest hosts for Goa'uld absorption. (Stargate SG-1; writing credit: Robert C. Cooper; Brad Wright) | |
Clever | You are an engineer if your three-year-old son asks why the sky is blue, and you try to explain atmospheric absorption theory. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Crop residue left on the soil surface increases water absorption and reduces volume of surface runoff.Credit: Glenn Shea. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Glucocorticoids decrease calcium absorption. (references) | |
Vitamin D metabolites enhance calcium absorption. (references) | ||
These decrease the absorption of phosphorus into the blood. (references) | ||
Business | This ensures smooth and noiseless motion of the glass and minimum power absorption. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Uzbekistan | Although the latter groups are free to return to their ancestral homelands, absorption problems in those countries have slowed that return. (references) |
Economic History | Greece | Greece has improved absorption rates of EU funds in recent years. (references) |
Colombia | Telecommunications and Information Technology absorption is extremely rapid. (references) | |
Political Economy | HONDURAS | In mid-2001, the Central Bank introduced dollar-denominated monetary absorption certificates as a way to stabilize inflation and the exchange rate and ordered that international reserves not drop below the 2000 level of $1.022 billion. (references) |
Trade | Colombia | Private importers are more likely to have their import licenses approved if they are deemed to be in compliance with domestic absorption agreements. (references) |
Colombia | Import License Approval Requirement by the Ministry of Agriculture: The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Decree 2439 of 1994 requires the MOA to approve import licenses of commodities that compete with domestically produced commodities that fall under absorption agreements between local producers and processors. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Absorption" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.35% of the time. "Absorption" is used about 929 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.35% | 923 | 7,800 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.32% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Noun (common) | 0.32% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 929 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "absorption": absorption band ♦ absorption capacity ♦ absorption circuit ♦ absorption coefficient ♦ absorption column ♦ absorption constant ♦ absorption control ♦ absorption drum ♦ absorption dynamometer ♦ absorption factor ♦ absorption indicator ♦ absorption modulation ♦ absorption of a particle ♦ absorption of heat ♦ absorption of mind ♦ absorption of radiation ♦ absorption of vibration ♦ absorption of water ♦ absorption ratio ♦ absorption refrigerator ♦ absorption silencer ♦ absorption spectra ♦ absorption spectrum ♦ absorption tower ♦ absorption unit ♦ absorption wave meter ♦ acoustic absorption ♦ atmospheric absorption ♦ atomic absorption spectrometry ♦ atomic absorption spectroscopy ♦ auroral absorption ♦ coefficient of absorption ♦ electric absorption ♦ energy absorption ♦ final absorption ♦ free carrier absorption ♦ gross absorption ♦ ground absorption ♦ heat absorption ♦ metallic absorption ♦ net absorption ♦ nett absorption ♦ particle absorption ♦ polar cap absorption ♦ power of absorption ♦ quantum absorption yield ♦ Sabine absorption ♦ Sabine absorption coefficient ♦ sound absorption ♦ watch with absorption. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "absorption": absorption-stripping. | |
Ending with "absorption": re-absorption, self-absorption, skin-absorption. | |
Containing "absorption": Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
absorption | 101 |
calcium absorption | 62 |
absorption chiller | 47 |
sound absorption | 37 |
atomic absorption | 37 |
vitamin absorption | 26 |
absorption iron | 25 |
absorption costing | 21 |
absorption refrigeration | 21 |
water absorption | 15 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "absorption"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaan | absorpsie. (various references) | |
Albanian | absorbim, zhytje (dip, dipping, dive, diving, duck out, immersion, infusion, plunging, sinking, submergence), thithje (exhaustion, induction, pull, suck, suction), përvetësim (acquisition, appropriation, digestion, embezzlement, misappropriation, peculation), gëlltitje (gulp, ingestion, swallow). (various references) | |
Arabic | مص (lick, licking, pick, siphon, suck, suck out, sucking up, suckle, suction), تشريب (imbibition), إمتصاص (assimilation, imbibition, intake, reduction, sucking), إنهماك (preoccupation), إستيعاب (assimilation, capacity, imbibition, ingestion, intake, staffing), إستغراق. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | всмукване (draw, indraft, indraught, influx, intake, suck, suction, whiff), вглъбеност, задълбоченост (immersion), абсорбция (absorptivity), погълнатост, поглъщане (adsorption, immersion, intake, intussusception, take over), попиване. (various references) | |
Chinese | 專心 (concentrate, concentration, engrossed), 吸" (ABS, Absorb, Absorbed, Absorbing, assimilation, Recruited, Recruiting, sorb, sorbed). (various references) | |
Czech | zaujetí (animation, Favor, favour), vstřebávání, utlumení, pohlcení. (various references) | |
Danish | absorption (absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, energy absorption, particle absorption). (various references) | |
Dutch | absorptie (absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, energy absorption, loading, particle absorption, retention, uptake), opslorping. (various references) | |
Esperanto | absorbo. (various references) | |
Finnish | imeytyminen (a general term covering both absorption and adsorption, infiltration, percolation, seepage, sorption, wicking). (various references) | |
French | absorption (absorption of radiation, energy absorption, water absorption). (various references) | |
German | Absorption (absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, energy absorption, occlusion, particle absorption), Aufnahme (acceptance, acceptation, admission, affiliation, assimilation, commencement, compatibility, embodiment, enrollment, entry, establishment, filming, inclusion, incorporation, initiation, intake, loading, photo, photograph, photographing, pick-up, picture, posting, raising, reception, record, recording, retention, shooting, shot, start, survey, taking, taking down, taking up, uptake). (various references) | |
Greek | απορρόφηση (absorbing, absorption of radiation, aspiration, energy absorption, engrossment, enhancement, exhaust plume, imbibition, immersion, loading, plume, resorption, retention, suction, uptake). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | absorbim. (various references) | |
Hebrew | י יק" (suck, sucking, suction, young twig), שקיע" (decadence, decline, degeneration, sag, sedimentation, settlement, sinking, subsidence), שאיב" (deriving, drawing, drawing of water, pumping, suckling), קליט" (comprehension, conception, intake, integration, occlusion, reception, understanding), קלט (input, reception), "קלטות, "בלעות, "ספ'" (impregnation, sponging), טמיע" (assimilation), ספי'" (blotting, osmosis, soaking up, suction). (various references) | |
Hungarian | abszorpció (molar absorptivity, occlusion). (various references) | |
Icelandic | gleyping. (various references) | |
Indonesian | absorpsi, resapan, pencernaan (assimilation, digestion), kemesraan (feeling of being intimate, love). (various references) | |
Italian | assorbimento (absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, assimilation, energy absorption, particle absorption, port, sorption). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 摂取 (adoption, assimilation, intake), 併合 (annexation, join into one, merge). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きゅうしゅう (assault, attraction, bitter enemy, descent, old customs, raid, revenge, southern-most of four main islands of Japan, suction), きゅうきゅう (diligence, first aid), きゅうい" (aspiration, attraction, sucking in, suction), さ"まい (comedy, concentration, self-effacement), どうか (a Taoist, adaptation, assimilation, copper coin, equivalent, moral poem), せっしゅ (adoption, assimilation, inoculation, intake, larceny, moderation in drink, poor defense, sobriety, stealing, temperance, theft, vaccination), せ"し" (advance, concentration, leadership, linesman, meditation, seniority, undivided attention), せ"ね" (a few years ago, devote oneself to, former years, formerly, give undivided attention, millennium, one thousand years), へい"う (amalgamation, annexation, join into one, merge, merger). (various references) | |
Korean | 흡수 (Absorbing). (various references) | |
Manx | soo (blot, blot as paper, exhaust, exhaustion, extract, extraction; goodness of food; berry, extraction; goodness; berry, imbibe, jam, preserve, sap, sip; blotting, soak, soak up, soaking, suck, sucking, suction, tipple, tippling), sluggey (devour, devouring, draw, engulf, gorge, gorging, gulp, gulping, guzzle, guzzling, pulling, slug, suck down; gobbling, sucking, swallow, swallowing, swig), maanalys (absorbency). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | absorptionay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | absorção (absorbing, absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, adsorption, aspiration, energy absorption, inceptive, input-output, loading, particle absorption, retention, sorption, uptake). (various references) | |
Romanian | absorbire (absorbing, assimilation, engrossment, suck, suction), absorbţie, concentrare (collectedness, concentration, intension, intentness), captivare (captivation). (various references) | |
Russian | впитывание (adsorption, sorbtion), абсорбция, поглощение (adsorption, input, intake, merger, uptake). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | apsorpcija, zauzetost (busyness), udubljenost. (various references) | |
Spanish | absorción (absorbing, absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, absorptivity, assimilation, energy absorption, loading, particle absorption, retention, soaking, uptake). (various references) | |
Swedish | absorption (absorption of a particle, absorption of radiation, energy absorption, particle absorption). (various references) | |
Turkish | kendini verme (sorption), içine çekme (inhalation, sorption), emme (admission, adsorption, aspiration, soak, sorption, suck, sucking, suction, vacuum), emilme (sorption), dalma (contemplation, dip, dipping, dive, diving, engrossment, immersion, plunge, scuba diving, submersion). (various references) | |
Ukranian | усмоктування (imbibition, suck, suction), убирання (imbibition), заглибленість, заглиблення (dimple, dip, hollow, recess, recession, socket, wallow), зануреність, поринання, поглинення (capture, merger, occlusion). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự mê mải, sự hút thu sự say mê, sự hút (suction), miệt m i (absorbed, absorbedly, arduous, deep). (various references) | |
Welsh | amsugniad, sugniad. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "absorption": absorptions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "absorption": malabsorption. (additional references) | |
Words containing "absorption": malabsorptions. (additional references) | |
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"Absorption" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aabsorption, absoption, absorbption, absorbtion, absorptance, absotption, absrption, obsorption. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "absorption" (pronounced ubzô"rpshun or ubsô"rpshun) |
| 4 | -p sh u n | adoption, anticorruption, assumption, caption, conception, conniption, conscription, consumption, contraception, contraption, corruption, deception, description, disruption, egyptian, encryption, eruption, exception, exemption, gumption, inception, inscription, interception, interruption, misconception, misperception, nonprescription, option, overconsumption, perception, preconception, preemption, prescription, presumption, proscription, reception, redemption, resumption, subscription, transcription. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraction, contradiction, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
| 4 | -p sh u n | adoption, anticorruption, assumption, caption, conception, conniption, conscription, consumption, contraception, contraption, corruption, deception, description, disruption, egyptian, encryption, eruption, exception, exemption, gumption, inception, inscription, interception, interruption, misconception, misperception, nonprescription, option, overconsumption, perception, preconception, preemption, prescription, presumption, proscription, reception, redemption, resumption, subscription, transcription. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraction, contradiction, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: probations. | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-i-n-o-o-p-r-s-t" | |
-1 letter: abortions, probation. | |
-2 letters: abortion, atropins, biotrons, orations, patroons, portions, positron, sorption, taborins. | |
-3 letters: airpost, aroints, atropin, bastion, biotron, bonitas, bonitos, brisant, nitroso, obtains, options, oration, partons, patrons, patroon, portion, potions, probits, pronota, protons, rations, ratoons, soprani, soprano, spirant, taborin, tarpons, torsion, tropins. | |
-4 letters: aborts, aorist, aprons, arioso, aristo, aroint, arsino, bairns, barons, basion, batons, bionts, biotas, bistro, boarts, bonita, bonito, bonsai, borons, boston, brains, brants, instar, intros, isobar, nitros, norias, oboist, obtain, option, orbits, orison, orpins, paints, pantos, parson, parton, pastor, patins, patios, patois, patron, pianos, pinots, pintas, pintos, piston, pitons, points, poison, pooris, pornos, postin, potion, prints, prions, prison, probit, pronto, prosit, proton, ptisan, rapist, ration, ratios, ratoon, ripost, robins, robots, santir, satori, spinor, spinto, sprain, sprint, strain, taboos, tabors, tapirs, tarpon, trains, tripos, tronas, troops, tropin. | |
-5 letters: aboon, abort, abris, airns, airts, antis, aport, apron, arson, astir, atrip, bairn, baits, barns, baron, basin, baton, bints, biont, biota, bison, boars, boart, boast, boats, boons, boors, boost, boots, boras, boron, borts, boson, botas, brain, brans, brant, brats, brins, brios, brits, broos, inapt, intro, iotas, irons, nabis, naris, nipas, nitro, noirs, noria, noris, obias, obits, opsin, orbit, ornis, orpin, ostia, pains, paint, pairs, panto, pants, paris, parts, patin, patio, piano, pians, pinas, pinot, pinta, pinto, pints, pions, pirns, pitas, piton, point, poons, poori, porno, porns, ports, posit, praos, prats, print, prion, proas, proso, prost, psoai, rains, ranis, rants, ratio, ratos, riant, riots, roans, roast, robin, robot, roost, roots, rosin, rotas, rotis, rotos, sabin, sabir, sabot, saint, santo, sapor, sarin, satin, sitar, snoop, snoot, snort, sonar, sopor, spait, spirt, spoon, spoor, sport, sprat, sprit, stain, stair, stirp, stoai, stoop, strap, stria, strip, strop, taboo, tabor, tains, tapir, tapis, tarns, taros, tarps, tarsi, tiros, toons, topis, topoi, topos, toras, toros, torsi, torso, train, trans, traps, trios, trips, trois, trona, troop. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-i-n-o-o-p-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: absorptions. | |
+2 letters: approbations, postabortion, probationers, reprobations. | |
+3 letters: bootstrapping, malabsorption, nonabsorptive, opisthobranch. | |
+4 letters: bronchospastic, disapprobation, malabsorptions, opisthobranchs, postliberation, thromboplastin. | |
+5 letters: bipolarizations, disapprobations, pentobarbitones, phenobarbitones, thromboplastins. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 62 73 6F 72 70 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- -... ... --- .-. .--. - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01100010 01110011 01101111 01110010 01110000 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A b s o r p t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 0062 0073 006F 0072 0070 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)35688581848286758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Orthography 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
