Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Kazakhstan

Definition: Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Noun

1. A landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian Soviet from 1936 to 1991.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 


Abbreviations & Acronyms: Kazakhstan

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
KAZEnglishRepublic of KazakhstanGeography, Law
KAZFrenchRépublique du KazakhstanGeography, Law

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Specialty Definition: Kazakhstan

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Kazakhstan (also Kazakstan) is a country in Central Asia. It has borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea.

Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country in the world by area, but has a population less than that of Australia. At last estimate, the population stood at less than 15 million people.

Kazakhstan Respublikasy
Official languageKazakh
CapitalAstana
PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev
Prime ministerDaniyal Akhmetov
Area
 - Total
 -
Ranked 9th
2,717,300 km²
Population  - Total ()   DensityRanked 57th1616,741,519 6/km²
Independence - Declared - From the Soviet Union, December 16, 1991
CurrencyTenge
Time zoneUTC +4 to +6
National anthemAnthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Internet TLD.KZ
Calling Code7

History

Main article: History of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, once colonised by Czarist Russia, was absorbed into the Soviet Union following the Russian Revolution of 1917, led at that time by V.I. Lenin. For the next half-century, Kazakhstan suffered under the mismanagement of the Soviets, especially in agrarian policy and cattle-raising.

Kazakhstan proclaimed its independence in the early 1990s, immediately following the breakdown of the U.S.S.R. The current President of Kazakhstan is Nursultan Nazarbayev.

In 1997 the capital of Kazakhstan moved from the southern city of Almaty to Astana, a city closer to the geographic center of the country.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Kazakhstan

Although Kazakhstan is considered to have made greater progress in the field of democratic reforms, compared to the other Central Asian countries, the situation is far from perfect and international and non-governmental human rights organizations often point to frequent violations of human rights by state officials. The most famous recent case is the trial of opposition journalist Sergei Duvanov.

Kazakhstan is a signatory to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.

Oblystar

Main article: Oblystar of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is divided into 14 oblystar (singular - oblysy) and 3 cities (qala, singular - qalasy)*:

Almaty, Almaty*, Aqmola (Astana), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau; formerly Shevchenko), Ongtustik Qazaqstan (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl (Taraz; formerly Dzhambul)

note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995 the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Bayqongyr (Baykonur) space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (formerly Leninsk).

Geography

Main article: Geography of Kazakhstan

Economy

Main article: Economy of Kazakhstan

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Kazakhstan

Culture

Main article: Culture of Kazakhstan

Holidays
DateEnglish NameLocal NameRemarks

Miscellaneous topics

Environmental issues

In part because of the country's enormous deserts, the Soviet government used Kazakhstan as its nuclear testing site, and this, along with near-absent pollution controls, has contributed to an alarmingly high rate of disease in many rural areas. Kazakhstan has identified two major ecological disasters within its borders-- the shrinking of the Aral Sea and radioactive contamination at the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing facility. The Central Asian Regional Environmental Center is located in Kazakhstan, which fosters regional cooperation on environmental issues.

Cosmodrome

Kazakhstan possesses the Soviet equivalent to the United States' Cape Canaveral, where they have launched their version of the space shuttle and the well-known space station Mir. Russia currently leases approximately 6,000 km² of territory enclosing the Baikonur Cosmodrome space launch site in south central Kazakhstan.

Trivia

Kazakhstan appears in the movies Air Force One (with Harrison Ford), The World is Not Enough (James Bond), and Rollerball (with Jean Reno).

External Links


Countries of the world  |  Asia

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Kazakhstan."

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Synonyms: Kazakhstan

Synonyms: Kazak (n), Kazakh (n), Kazakstan (n), Republic of Kazakhstan (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Kazakhstan

English words defined with "Kazakhstan": Akmola, Alma-Ata, Almaty, Aral Sea, Astanacapital of KazakhstanLake AralRepublic of KazakhstanTurkmen, Turkmenia, Turkmenistan, Turkomen. (references)
Specialty definitions using "Kazakhstan": dzhezkazganiteinderboritekz. (references)

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Modern Usage: Kazakhstan

DomainUsage

Movie/TV Titles

Au front! - Le Kazakhstan pour le front Toi (1942)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Kazakhstan

DomainTitle

References

  • Executive Report on Strategies in Kazakhstan,1999 edition (reference)

  • A Strategic Profile of Kazakhstan,1999 edition (reference)

  • Executive Report on Strategies in Kazakhstan, 2000 edition (reference)

  • The 2001 Kazakhstan Economic and Product Market Databook (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  

Periodicals

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Kazakhstan

Computer Images:
Kazakhstan

More pictures...

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Non-Fiction Usage: Kazakhstan

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

Health insurance in Kazakhstan is optional. (references)

Parts mainly come from Russia and Kazakhstan. (references)

There is a growing market in Kazakhstan for computer spare parts. (references)

Children

Kazakhstan

The NGO, Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights, observed that the Government provides almost no care for the mentally ill and mentally retarded due to a lack of funds. (references)

Civil Liberties

Kazakhstan

Human rights monitors were concerned with the impact of this agreement on Uighurs from China present in Kazakhstan. (references)

Kazakhstan

There are a number of newspapers that are produced by government ministries, for example, the Ministry of Science publishes Kazakhstan Science. (references)

Economic History

Kazakhstan

This is a resource for future corporate finance in Kazakhstan. (references)

Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, 83% of the 3,000 hospitals and clinics are public. (references)

Kazakhstan

Restrictions also exist on foreign ownership of land in Kazakhstan. (references)

Human Rights

Kazakhstan

New women's and juvenile facilities, with much improved physical conditions, were being built in the Eastern Kazakhstan Oblast at year's end. (references)

Kazakhstan

Both the Presidential Commission on Human Rights and the NGO Kazakhstan Human Rights Bureau stated that the previous information was incorrect, and that the youth did not die from his self-inflicted injuries and is alive. (references)

Minorities

Kazakhstan

In September Southern Kazakhstan Oblast announced that it would conduct all oblast administrative business in Kazakh; as a result, the Oblast conducts business in both Kazakh and Russian. (references)

Political Economy

Kazakhstan

The Constitution of Kazakhstan concentrates power in the presidency. (references)

Kazakhstan

Two opposition parties, the Republican People's Party of Kazakhstan (RNPK) and Azamat, were registered for the election. (references)

Kazakhstan

In1994, Kazakhstan transferred over a half-ton of weapons-grade uranium to the U.S. and in 1995 Kazakhstan removed its last nuclear warheads. (references)

Political Rights

Kazakhstan

On November 18, six senior government leaders, six members of parliament and several businessmen founded a major new nongovernmental political movement, the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (DVK). Several days after the DVK's founding, the six senior government officials were fired at the request of the Prime Minister. (references)

Trade

Kazakhstan

Foreign banks are active in Kazakhstan. (references)

Kazakhstan

ABN-AMRO is the largest foreign bank in Kazakhstan. (references)

Travel

Kazakhstan

In terms of business customs, Kazakhstan is more European than Asian. (references)

Kazakhstan

All travelers transiting Kazakhstan must obtain a Kazakhstani transit visa. (references)

Kazakhstan

It is common in Kazakhstan to have dinner with business contacts, but usually only after establishing business contacts in a more formal setting. (references)

Worker Rights

Kazakhstan

Women and girls from Kazakhstan were trafficked to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Greece, Turkey, Israel, and South Korea. (references)

Kazakhstan

The Independent Miners Federation of Kazakhstan and the State Miners' Union of Karaganda are members of the Miners' International Federation. (references)

United Arab Emirates

The Kazakhstan Government reported in June that it broke up a trafficking ring that specialized in sending women to the country for prostitution. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Kazakhstan

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Bill Clinton

1993-2001We achieved agreements with Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan to eliminate their nuclear arsenals.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Kazakhstan

"Kazakhstan" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 66.67% of the time. "Kazakhstan" is used about 45 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (proper)66.67%3063,341
Noun (singular)31.11%1493,893
Adjective (general or positive)2.22%1339,140
                    Total100.00%45N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Kazakhstan

Expressions using "Kazakhstan": capital of Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Kazakhstan

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

kazakhstan

830

kazakhstan visa

11

alma ata kazakhstan

777

kazakhstan kzyl orda

11

kazakhstan hotel

131

alekseevka kazakhstan

10

kazakhstan adoption

110

atbasar kazakhstan

10

karaganda kazakhstan

90

kazakhstan sucinsk

9

baikonur kazakhstan

89

kazakhstan airline

8

kazakhstan map

66

kazakhstan picture

8

kazakhstan uralsk

45

kazakhstan weather

8

aqmola kazakhstan

44

capital kazakhstan

8

atyrau kazakhstan

35

cam kazakhstan web

8

almaty kazakhstan

25

kazakhstan kz

8

embassy of kazakhstan

22

astana kazakhstan

8

air kazakhstan

20

kazakhstan president

8

aktjubinsk kazakhstan

20

history kazakhstan

8

kazakhstan pavlodar

18

akkuduk kazakhstan

7

kazakhstan stepnogorsk

17

atyray kazakhstan

7

kazakhstan kustanai

13

kazakhstan woman

7

kazakhstan news

13

adoption from kazakhstan

7

kazakhstan petropavlovsk

12

flag of kazakhstan

7

kazakhstan shymkent

11

aul kazakhstan ryskulova turara

6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Kazakhstan

Language Translations for "Kazakhstan"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

kazahstan. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

"薩克斯坦 . (various references)

   

Danish

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kasakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), Republikken Kasakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

Kazachstan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

Kazaĥujo, Kazaĥio. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakstanin tasavalta (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakstan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

French

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), KAZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), République du Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), le Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), la République du Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

German

  

Kasachstan (Kazakhstan (kz)). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Καζαχστάν· Καζακστάν (Republic of Kazakhstan), "ημοκρατία του Καζαχστάν (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Italian

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakistan (Republic of Kazakhstan), KAZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Repubblica del Kazakstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), Repubblica del Kazakistan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

azakhstankay

   

Portuguese

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), República do Cazaquistão (Republic of Kazakhstan), Cazaquistão (keck), caiaque (kayak). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

Казахстан, Казахст, казахстан. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

Kazajistán (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

KZ (Republic of Kazakhstan), Kazakstan (Republic of Kazakhstan), kazachstan, Republiken Kazakstan (Republic of Kazakhstan). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

казахстан. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Misspellings: Kazakhstan

Misspellings

"Kazakhstan" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Kazakhstani, Kazakhsthan, Kazkahstan, Kazkhstan. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: Kazakhstan

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-a-a-h-k-k-n-s-t-z"

-4 letters: askant, hazans, stanza, tankas, thanks.

-5 letters: ankhs, antas, asana, azans, hanks, hansa, hants, hazan, kakas, kanas, kasha, katas, khans, khats, shank, snath, stank, takas, tanka, tanks, thank.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Kazakhstan


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4B 61 7A 61 6B 68 73 74 61 6E

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-.-    .-    --..    .-    -.-    ....    ...    -    .-    -.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001011 01100001 01111010 01100001 01101011 01101000 01110011 01110100 01100001 01101110

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#75 &#97 &#122 &#97 &#107 &#104 &#115 &#116 &#97 &#110

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004B 0061 007A 0061 006B 0068 0073 0074 0061 006E

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

45679267777485866780

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Quotations: Speeches
9. Usage Frequency
10. Expressions
11. Expressions: Internet
12. Translations: Modern
13. Abbreviations
14. Acronyms
15. Derivations
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;