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Definition: Forest |
ForestNoun1. The trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area. 2. Land that is covered with trees and shrubs. Verb1. Establish a forest on previously unforested land; "afforest the mountains". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Forest" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "a forest". |
Date "forest" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | Forest Heb. ya'ar, meaning a dense wood, from its luxuriance. Thus all the great primeval forests of Syria (Eccl. 2:6; Isa. 44:14; Jer. 5:6; Micah 5:8). The most extensive was the trans-Jordanic forest of Ephraim (2 Sam. 18:6, 8; Josh. 17:15, 18), which is probably the same as the wood of Ephratah (Ps. 132:6), some part of the great forest of Gilead. It was in this forest that Absalom was slain by Joab. David withdrew to the forest of Hareth in the mountains of Judah to avoid the fury of Saul (1 Sam. 22:5). We read also of the forest of Bethel (2 Kings 2:23, 24), and of that which the Israelites passed in their pursuit of the Philistines (1 Sam. 14:25), and of the forest of the cedars of Lebanon (1 Kings 4:33; 2 Kings 19:23; Hos. 14:5, 6). "The house of the forest of Lebanon (1 Kings 7:2; 10:17; 2 Chr. 9:16) was probably Solomon's armoury, and was so called because the wood of its many pillars came from Lebanon, and they had the appearance of a forest. (See BAALBEC.) Heb. horesh, denoting a thicket of trees, underwood, jungle, bushes, or trees entangled, and therefore affording a safe hiding-place. place. This word is rendered "forest" only in 2 Chr. 27:4. It is also rendered "wood", the "wood" in the "wilderness of Ziph," in which david concealed himself (1 Sam. 23:15), which lay south-east of Hebron. In Isa. 17:19 this word is in Authorized Version rendered incorrectly "bough." Heb. pardes, meaning an enclosed garden or plantation. Asaph is (Neh. 2:8) called the "keeper of the king's forest." The same Hebrew word is used Eccl. 2:5, where it is rendered in the plural "orchards" (R.V., "parks"), and Cant. 4: 13, rendered "orchard" (R.V. marg., "a paradise"). "The forest of the vintage" (Zech. 11:2, "inaccessible forest," or R.V. "strong forest") is probably a figurative allusion to Jerusalem, or the verse may simply point to the devastation of the region referred to. The forest is an image of unfruitfulness as contrasted with a cultivated field (Isa. 29:17; 32:15; Jer. 26:18; Hos. 2:12). Isaiah (10:19, 33, 34) likens the Assyrian host under Sennacherib (q.v.) to the trees of some huge forest, to be suddenly cut down by an unseen stroke. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you find yourself in a dense forest, denotes loss in trade, unhappy home influences and quarrels among families. If you are cold and feel hungry, you will be forced to make a long journey to settle some unpleasant affair. To see a forest of stately trees in foliage, denotes prosperity and pleasures. To literary people, this dream foretells fame and much appreciation from the public. A young lady relates the following dream and its fulfilment; "I was in a strange forest of what appeared to be cocoanut trees, with red and yellow berries growing on them. The ground was covered with blasted leaves, and I could hear them crackle under my feet as I wandered about lost. The next afternoon I received a telegram announcing the death of a dear cousin." Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Food & Agriculture | A)(ecology)generally, an ecosystem characterised by a more or less dense and extensive tree cover; b)(ecology)more particularly, a plant community predominantly of trees and other woody vegetation, growing more or less closely together; c)(silviculture/forest management)an area managed for the production of timber and other forest produce, or maintained under woody vegetation for such indirect benefits as protection of catchment areas or recreation. Connotes a larger area than a wood; d)an area of land proclaimed to be forest under a Forest Act or Ordinance. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | A collection of one or more trees. (references) |
Weather | Terrestrial ecosystem (biome) with enough average annual precipitation (at least 76 centimeters or 30 inches) to support growth of various species of trees and smaller forms of vegetation. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A forest is an area with a high density of trees. Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the timberline. Forests generally contain a large number of different trees growing to different heights, combined with an underbrush, which makes most use of sunlight. A forest in its natural form is home to many animal and plant species, and the weight of the biomass in any given square kilometre is high compared to other biomes.
Several types of forests exist. Among them can be noted the taiga, rain forest, tropical dry forest, and temperate hardwood forest.
In ecological terms, a forest may be differentiated from a woodland. In this case, a forest is considered to have a closed canopy, where the branches and foliage of trees interlock, whereas a woodland is considered to have an open canopy, where sunlight penetrates between trees.
The science of studying and managing forests, with a goal of sustainable extraction, is called forestry. (See also logging.) Ecologists, by contrast, often study undisturbed forests.
See also
Mathematicians sometimes use the word "forest" to mean a mathematical set of tree structures.
- List of forests
- Forests in the United Kingdom
- Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
- Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests
- Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
- Rainforest
- Jungle (terrain)
- prescribed burn
- shifting cultivation
- deforestation
- reforestation
Places
Forest is also the name of a number of places in the United States of America:
It is also part of the name of DeForest, Wisconsin and Forest City, North Carolina.
- Forest, Ohio
- Forest, Virginia
- Forest, Wisconsin
- Forestville, California
- Forest Township, Michigan
- Forest Township, Minnesota
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Vorst (Dutch) or Forest (French) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels Capital Region of Belgium. On January 1st, 2000 the municipality had a total population of 45,555 (21,476 males and 24,079 females). The total area is 6.23 km² which gives a population density of 7,312.20 inhabitants per km².Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest - Vorst."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest Elephant Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: Loxodonta Species: cyclotis Binomial name Loxodonta cyclotis Until recently, it was thought that the Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) was simply a subspecies of the African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana). DNA testing has now shown that there are in fact three extant elephant species: the two African types (formerly considered to be separate populations of a single species, the African Elephant) and the South Asian species, known as the Indian or Asian Elephant.
A small number of zoologists argued that the Forest Elephant was a distinct species as long ago as 1900. Evidence put forward included its long, narrow mandible (the Savana Elephant's is short and wide), its rounded ears (a Savanna Elephant's ears are more pointed), a different number of toenails, different tusks, and considerably smaller size. Male Forest Elephants rarely exceed 2.5 metres in height, while Savanna Elephants are usually over 3 metres and sometimes almost 4 metres tall.
The toenail evidence proved to be misleading: although adult Savanna Elephants, on average, have 14 toenails (four toes on each forefoot and three on each hindfoot), and Savanna Elephants average 18 toenails (5 front and 4 rear), all elephants are in fact born with five toe nails per foot, but because of the rougher terrain they usually occupy, Savanna Elephants suffer more minor foot injuries.
Nevertheless, the remaining differences would have been sufficient to assign species rank to the Forest Elephant, had it not been observed that the two populations interbreed where their ranges overlap. In consequence, the Savanna Elephant was listed as a subspecies, Loxodonta africana cyclotis.
Late in the 20th century, conservation workers established a DNA identification system to trace the origin of poached ivory. It had long been known that the ivory of Forest Elephants was particularly hard, with a pinkish tinge, and straight (where that of the Savanna Elephant is curved). The DNA tests, however, indicated that the two populations were much more different than previously appreciated—indeed, in its genetic makeup, the Forest Elephant is almost two-thirds as distinct from the Savanna Elephant as the Asian Elephant is.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest Elephant."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a town located in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,108.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.5 km² (36.1 mi²). 91.3 km² (35.2 mi²) of it is land and 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.41% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,108 people, 397 households, and 306 families residing in the town. The population density is 12.1/km² (31.4/mi²). There are 410 housing units at an average density of 4.5/km² (11.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.38% White, 0.00% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. 0.81% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 397 households out of which 35.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% are married couples living together, 5.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% are non-families. 18.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.79 and the average family size is 3.22. In the town the population is spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 116.8 males. The median income for a household in the town is $49,583, and the median income for a family is $55,469. Males have a median income of $36,298 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,848. 3.3% of the population and 2.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.6% are under the age of 18 and 2.9% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a village located in West Carroll Parish, Louisiana. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 275.Geography
Forest is located at 32°47'30" North, 91°24'43" West (32.791594, -91.411978)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.3 km² (1.7 mi²). 4.3 km² (1.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 275 people, 95 households, and 83 families residing in the village. The population density is 64.0/km² (165.5/mi²). There are 108 housing units at an average density of 25.1/km² (65.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 95.27% White, 1.82% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 2.91% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 4.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 95 households out of which 38.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.8% are married couples living together, 8.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 12.6% are non-families. 10.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.89 and the average family size is 3.10. In the village the population is spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.9 males. The median income for a household in the village is $35,000, and the median income for a family is $36,875. Males have a median income of $26,786 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the village is $13,191. 10.5% of the population and 6.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 16.3% are under the age of 18 and 6.9% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Louisiana."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a city located in Scott County, Mississippi. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 5,987. It is the county seat of Scott County6.Geography
Forest is located at 32°21'49" North, 89°28'31" West (32.363627, -89.475348)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.7 km² (13.0 mi²). 33.7 km² (13.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.15% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 5,987 people, 2,085 households, and 1,478 families residing in the city. The population density is 177.7/km² (460.0/mi²). There are 2,257 housing units at an average density of 67.0/km² (173.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 40.35% White, 50.88% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 5.85% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. 12.71% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,085 households out of which 36.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% are married couples living together, 24.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% are non-families. 23.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.80 and the average family size is 3.25. In the city the population is spread out with 29.3% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.5 males. The median income for a household in the city is $25,638, and the median income for a family is $29,767. Males have a median income of $23,825 versus $17,277 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,484. 23.5% of the population and 21.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 29.5% are under the age of 18 and 13.8% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Mississippi."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a village located in Hardin County, Ohio. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 1,488.Geography
Forest is located at 40°48'3" North, 83°30'45" West (40.800818, -83.512403)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.1 km² (1.2 mi²). 3.1 km² (1.2 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,488 people, 591 households, and 410 families residing in the village. The population density is 482.8/km² (1,253.4/mi²). There are 644 housing units at an average density of 208.9/km² (542.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.52% White, 0.40% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.81% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 591 households out of which 35.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% are married couples living together, 11.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% are non-families. 26.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.52 and the average family size is 3.04. In the village the population is spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.1 males. The median income for a household in the village is $34,375, and the median income for a family is $38,631. Males have a median income of $31,071 versus $22,260 for females. The per capita income for the village is $15,342. 9.7% of the population and 8.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 11.7% are under the age of 18 and 8.6% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Ohio."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a town located in Richland County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 390.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 91.9 km² (35.5 mi²). 91.9 km² (35.5 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 390 people, 139 households, and 111 families residing in the town. The population density is 4.2/km² (11.0/mi²). There are 173 housing units at an average density of 1.9/km² (4.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 97.95% White, 0.51% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.77% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 1.03% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 139 households out of which 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% are married couples living together, 4.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% are non-families. 15.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.81 and the average family size is 3.13. In the town the population is spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 111.2 males. The median income for a household in the town is $37,981, and the median income for a family is $39,125. Males have a median income of $29,318 versus $21,042 for females. The per capita income for the town is $16,256. 12.6% of the population and 12.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 17.6% are under the age of 18 and 3.7% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Richland County, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a town located in St. Croix County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 590.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 96.4 km² (37.2 mi²). 96.2 km² (37.2 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.13% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 590 people, 203 households, and 165 families residing in the town. The population density is 6.1/km² (15.9/mi²). There are 218 housing units at an average density of 2.3/km² (5.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 99.15% White, 0.00% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. 0.85% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 203 households out of which 39.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% are married couples living together, 3.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% are non-families. 14.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 4.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.91 and the average family size is 3.19. In the town the population is spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 116.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 109.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $50,833, and the median income for a family is $60,000. Males have a median income of $36,023 versus $22,014 for females. The per capita income for the town is $21,427. 8.3% of the population and 4.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 9.8% are under the age of 18 and 5.1% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, St. Croix County, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a town located in Vernon County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 583.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.1 km² (36.0 mi²). 93.1 km² (36.0 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 583 people, 199 households, and 159 families residing in the town. The population density is 6.3/km² (16.2/mi²). There are 258 housing units at an average density of 2.8/km² (7.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 97.08% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 199 households out of which 36.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% are married couples living together, 4.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% are non-families. 16.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.93 and the average family size is 3.31. In the town the population is spread out with 30.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $35,982, and the median income for a family is $40,556. Males have a median income of $26,250 versus $18,281 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,583. 15.8% of the population and 10.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 24.8% are under the age of 18 and 12.7% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Vernon County, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is a town located in Bedford County, Virginia. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 8,006.Geography
Forest is located at 37°22'15" North, 79°16'0" West (37.370723, -79.266801)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.1 km² (14.7 mi²). 37.8 km² (14.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.61% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 8,006 people, 3,172 households, and 2,293 families residing in the town. The population density is 211.6/km² (547.8/mi²). There are 3,294 housing units at an average density of 87.1/km² (225.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 91.79% White, 5.65% African American, 0.10% Native American, 1.36% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 3,172 households out of which 35.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.9% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% are non-families. 24.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.52 and the average family size is 3.03. In the town the population is spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.6 males. The median income for a household in the town is $55,089, and the median income for a family is $67,055. Males have a median income of $46,057 versus $30,720 for females. The per capita income for the town is $25,735. 3.1% of the population and 2.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 1.3% are under the age of 18 and 3.7% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Virginia."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forest is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:
*Forest, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
*Forest, Richland County, Wisconsin
*Forest, St. Croix County, Wisconsin
*Forest, Vernon County, WisconsinSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forest, Wisconsin."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Forestry is the science and practice of studying and managing forests and their natural resources. Much research and development has been invested in improving varieties of trees for commercial use and in better methods of planting, pest control, thinning, felling, and extraction and of processing timber into usable products. In most countries the timber industry is of major economic importance. The science of managing forests for its many uses is called silviculture.Growing concerns about environmental problems arising from massive deforestation (especially in the rain forests) have recently put forestry and its implications into the spotlight.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Forestry."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
National forests, in the United States, are controlled by the federal government and managed by the Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Secretary of Agriculture. The management of these lands focuses on timber harvesting, grazing, water, wildlife, and recreation. Commercial use of national forests is permitted and in many cases encouraged, unlike national parks.There are frequent conflicts between timber companies and environmentalists over the use of national forest land. These conflicts center on endangered species protection, logging of old-growth forests and on road-building in national forests.
There are 155 national forests containing almost 190,000,000 acres (296,000 sq. mi) of land. These lands comprise 8.5% of the total land area of the United States, an area about the size of Texas. Only 13% of National Forest land lies east of the Mississippi River. Alaska alone accounts for 12% of all National Forest land.
There are two distinctly different types of national forests. Those east of the Great Plains are primarily re-acquired forests. That is, the land had long been in the private domain but was purchased by the United States government in order to create new national forests. In these cases, the areas of national forest noted on most maps do not actually represent the extent of the national forest, but only the extent of the authorized purchase zone. The actual amount of land acquired in most cases is much smaller.
Those national forests west of the Great Plains are originally-owned forests. These are mostly lands reserved from the public domain by the US government, and were never in private hands. In these cases, the areas of national forests noted on maps are generally the true areas of the forest.
Many ski resorts operate in national forests.
The Forest Service also administers national grasslands.
See also the list of U.S. national forests.
The UK's National Forest extends over parts of Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Staffordshire.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "National Forest."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In graph theory, a tree is a graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. A forest is a graph in which any two vertices are connected by at most one path. Each forest is a disjoint union of trees (hence the name).
Definitions
An undirected simple graph G is a tree if it satisfies one (and therefore all) of the following equivalent conditions:
If G has finitely many vertices, say n of them, then the above statements are also equivalent to:
- G is connected and has no simple cycles
- G has no simple cycles and, if any edge is added to G, then a simple cycle is formed
- G is connected and, if any edge is removed from G, then it is not connected anymore
- Any two vertices in G can be connected by a unique simple path.
An undirected simple graph G is called a forest if it has no simple cycles.
- G is connected and has n-1 edges
- G has no simple cycles and has n-1 edges
Example
The example tree shown to the right has 6 vertices and 6-1=5 edges. The unique simple path connecting the vertices 2 and 6 is 2-4-5-6.
Facts
Every tree is planar and bipartite.
Every connected graph G admits a spanning tree, which is a tree that contains every vertex of G and whose edges are edges of G.
Given n different vertices, there are nn-2 different ways to connect them to make a tree. No closed formula for the number t(n) of trees with n vertices up to graph isomorphism is known. However, the asymptotic behavior of t(n) is known: there are numbers α≈3 and β≈0.5 such that
Types of Trees
See also Tree structure.
- Free tree
- Rooted tree
- Ordered tree
- Binary tree
- Full binary tree
- Positional tree
- Empty tree
- K-ary tree
- Charles' tree
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tree (graph theory)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Fire in San Bernardino, California Mountains
(image taken from the International Space Station)A wildfire, also known as a forest fire (or bushfire in Australasia), is an uncontrolled fire in wildland often caused by lightning; other common causes are human carelessness and arson.
Drought and the prevention of small forest fires are major contributors to extreme forest fires.
Background
Wildfires are common in many places around the world, including much of the vegetated areas of Australia, forest areas of the United States and Canada, where the climates are sufficiently moist to allow the growth of trees, but feature extended dry, hot periods when fallen branches, leaves, and other material can dry out and becomes highly flammable. Wildfires are also common in grasslands and scrublands. Wildfires tend to be most common and severe during years of drought and occur on days of strong winds. With extensive urbanization of wildlands, these fires often involve destruction of suburban homes located in the wildland urban intermix.
Today it is accepted that wildfires are a natural part of the ecosystem of wildlands, where, at the least, plants have evolved to survive fires by a variety of strategies (from possessing reserve shoots that sprout after a fire, to fire-resistant seeds), or even encourage fire (for example eucalypts contain flammable oils in the leaves) as a way to eliminate competition from less fire-tolerant species. Most native animals, too, are adept at surviving wildfires.
On occasions, wildfires have caused large-scale damage to private property, particularly when they have reached urban-fringe communities, destroying many homes and causing deaths.
Slash, small, rotten, mis-shapen, or otherwise undesirable wood discarded during logging, has historically provided the fuel for devastating fires such as the fires in Michigan in the 19th century.
The aftermath of a wildfire can be as disastrous if not more so than the actual fire itself. A particularly destructive fire burns away all the plants and trees which prevented erosion. If heavy rains occur after such a fire, landslides, ash flows, and flash floods are to be expected. Not only does this result in severe property damage for those living in the immediate fire area, but it also affects the quality of the local water supply.
Green Knoll Wildfire
in Jackson, Wyoming
Prevention
For many decades the policy of the United States Forest Service was to surpress all fires, and this policy was epitomized by the mascot Smokey the Bear and was also the basis of parts of the movie Bambi. The policy began to be questioned in the 1960s, when it was realized that no new sequoias had been grown in the redwood forests of California, because fire is an essential part of their life cycle. This produced the policy of controlled burns to reduce underbrush. This clears much of the undergrowth through forest and woodland areas, making travel and hunting much easier while reducing the risk of dangerous high-intensity fires caused by many years of fuel buildup.
However, the previous policy of absolute fire suppression in the United States had resulted in the buildup of fuel resulting in large and severe fires such as the fire in Yellowstone National Park in 1988. Urbanization can also result in fuel buildup and devastating fires, such as those in Los Alamos, New Mexico, East Bay Hills, within the California cities of Oakland and Berkeley, between October 19 and 22, 1991, all over Colorado in 2002, and throughout Southern California in October, 2003.
On average, wildfires burn 4.3 million acres (1.7 million hectares) in the United States annually. In recent years the federal government has spent $1 billion a year on fire suppression. 2002 was a record year for fires with major fires in Arizona, California, Colorado, and Oregon.
The risk of major wildfires can be reduced by reducing the amount of fuel present. In wildland, this can be accomplished by either conducting "controlled burns" - deliberately setting areas ablaze under less dangerous weather conditions in spring or autumn - or physical fuel removal by removing some trees as is conducted in many American forests. Both approaches are controversial with some environmentalists, who regard them as tampering with the forest ecosystem.
People living in fire-prone areas typically take a variety of precautions, including building their homes out of flame-resistant materials, reducing the amount of fuel near the home or property (including firebreaks - their own miniature control lines, in effect), and investing in their own firefighting equipment.
Rural farming communities are rarely threatened directly by wildfire. These types of communities are usually located in large areas of cleared, usually grazed, land, and in the drought conditions present in wildfire years there is often very little grass left on such grazed areas. Hence the risk is minimized. However, urban fringes have spread into forested areas, for example in Sydney and Melbourne, and communities have literally built themselves in the middle of highly flammable forests. These communities are at high risk of destruction in bushfires.
Fire suppression
Most fire-prone areas have large firefighter services to help control bushfires. As well as the water-spraying trucks most commonly used in urban firefighting, bushfire services use a variety of alternative techniques. They often possess aircraft, particularly helicopters, that can douse areas that are inaccessible to ground crews and deliver greater quantities of water and/or flame retardant chemicals. However, large fires are of such a size that no conceivable firefighting service could attempt to douse the whole fire directly, and so alternative techniques are used.
In alternative approaches, firefighters attempt to control the fire by controlling the area that it can spread to, by creating "control lines", which are areas that contain no combustible material. These control lines can be produced by physically removing fuel (for instance, with a bulldozer), or by "backburning", in which small, low-intensity fires are started to burn the flammable material in a (hopefully) controlled way. These may then be extinguished by firefighters, or, ideally, directed in such a way that they meet the main fire front, at which point both fires run out of flammable material and are thus extinguished.
Unfortunately, such methods can fail in the face of wind shifts causing fires to miss control lines or to jump straight over them (for instance, because a burning tree falls across a line, burning embers are carried by the wind over the line, or burning tumbleweeds cross the line).
The actual goals of firefighters vary. Protection of life (those of both the firefighters and "civilians") is given top priority, then private property according to economic and social value and also to its "savability" (for example, more effort will be expended on saving a house with a tile roof than one with a wooden-shake roof). In very severe, large fires, this is sometimes the only possible action. Protecting houses is regarded as more important than, say, farming machinery sheds, although firefighters, if possible, try to keep fires off farmland to protect stock and fences (steel fences are destroyed by the passage of fire, as the wire is irreversibly stretched and weakened by it). Preventing the burning of publicly-owned forested areas is generally of least priority, and, indeed, it is quite common (in Australia, at least) for firefighters to simply observe a fire burn towards control lines through forest rather than attempt to put it out more quickly - it is, after all, a natural process.
Famous wildfires in North America
- Miramichi fire in Maine and New Brunswick, which burned three million acres (12150 km²) and killed 160 people. 1825
- Yachina fire in Oregon, which burned 450,000 acres 1846
- Nestucca fire in Oregon, which burned 320,000 acres 1853
- The Silverton fire, the worst recorded fire in Oregon, which burned an estimated one million acres 1865
- The Coos fire in Oregon, which burned 300,000 acres 1868
- The Peshtigo, Wisconsin fire, which burned 1,200,000 acres (4850 km²) in one day October 8, 1871 (overshadowed by the Great Chicago Fire, which occurred on the same day)
- Bighorn fire in Wyoming, which burned 500,000 acres 1876
- A fire in Michigan, burned a million acres and killed 138 people 1881
- The Hinckley fire in Minnesota, burned 160,000 acres, killed 418 people, and destroyed 12 towns 1894
- The Adirondack fire in New York, which burned 450,000 acres 1903
- The Great Fire of 1910, burned about three million acres in Idaho and Montana over two days (August 20, and 21), killed 86 people
- The Tillamook Burn, which swept through the same region of Oregon four times, and burned a total of 355,000 acres 1933, 1939, 1945, and 1951
- A series of fires in Maine over ten days, burned 175,000 acres and killed 16 people 1947
- Yellowstone National Park 800,000 acres, 1988
- Oakland Hills firestorm, killed 25 and destroyed 3469 homes and apartments within the California cities of Oakland and Berkeley, between October 19 and 22, 1991.
- Glenwood Springs, Colorado1994
- Mesa Verde National Park 2000
- Rodeo-Chediski fire, Arizona, 2002 467,066 acres of woodland burned, June 18 to July 7, 2002, and threatened, but did not burn the town of Show Low, Arizona.
- Durango, Colorado fires 2002, 915,000 acres burned 9 firefighter deaths, 235 homes destroyed
- The Florence/Sour Biscuit Complex Fire, burned 499,570 acres in southwestern Oregon between July 13 and September 5, 2002
- Major fire inferno in the Okanagan district, British Columbia covering around 500,000 acres, displacing more than 5,000 inhabitants, in August and September 2003
- At least 13 major fires in the Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties in California covering 800,000 acres (3237 km²), killing 24, displacing 120,000 and destroying 3,600 homes in October 2003. Damage estimated at 2 billion USD. See NASA images: [1].
External Links
Further Reading
- Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire, Stephen J. Pyne, Princeton University Press, 1982, hardcover, 654 pages, ISBN 0-691-08300-2
- Year of the Fires, The Story of the Great Fires of 1910, Stephen J. Pyne, Viking Penguin, 2001, 320 pages, ISBN 0670899909
- Ghosts of the Fireground: Echoes of the Great Peshtigo Fire and the Calling of a Wildland Firefighter, Peter M. Leschak, HarperSanFrancisco, 2002, hardback, 288 pages, ISBN 0062517775
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Wildfire."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
FOREST | English | Research and development programme on renewable raw materials(Forestry Sectoral Research and Technology) | Food & Agriculture, Biology & Biotechnology |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ForestSynonyms: timber (n), timberland (n), wood (n), woodland (n), woods (n), afforest (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Amusement | Park, plaisance; national park, national forest, state park, county park, city park, vest-pocket park, public park (public) a; arbor; garden; (horticulture); pleasure ground, playground, cricketground, croquet ground, archery ground, hunting ground; tennis court, racket court; bowling alley, green alley; croquet lawn, rink, glaciarum, skating rink; roundabout, merry-go-round; swing; montagne Russe. |
Vegetable | Timber, forest; wood, woodlands; timberland; hurst, frith, holt, weald, park, chase, greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice, bocage, tope, clump of trees, thicket, spinet, spinney; underwood, brushwood; scrub; boscage, bosk, ceja, chaparal, motte.; arboretum . |
Phrase: "green-robed senators of mighty woods"; "this is the forest primeval". | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Hey! Prehistoric Forest! (Tommy Boy; writing credit: Bonnie Turner and Terry Turner.) Fires of Isengard and Mordor will spread and the forest of Bucklin and Hardbottle will burn, there won't be a Shire, Pippin (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; writing credit: Frances Walsh) Huh, I didn't know the Forest Spirit made the flowers grow (Mononoke-hime; writing credit: Neil Gaiman; Hayao Miyazaki) With this microscope, your nose hairs look like the Amazon Rain Forest. (Saved by the Bell; writing credit: Ana Maria Moretzsohn) Have to spend all that time in the forest or wherever it is you're from (Little House on the Prairie; writing credit: Arthur Heinemann; John Hawkins) | |
Lyrics | On man, join Tarzan in the forest (Superman's Song; performing artist: Crash Test Dummies) Deeper than any forest primeval (Longer; performing artist: Dan Fogelberg) Stalked in the forest, too close to hide (Hungry Like the Wolf; performing artist: Duran Duran) I'd rather be a forest than a street (EL CONDOR PASA (IF I COULD); performing artist: Simon and Garfunkel) Come run the hidden pinetrails of the forest (Colors of the wind; performing artist: Vanessa Williams) | |
Clever | If a stealth bomber crashes in a forest, will it make a sound? (references; author: unknown) How is it one careless match can start a forest fire, but it takes a whole box to start a campfire? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Another Side of the Forest (1974) Forest Industry (1970) The Phallic Forest (1970) Forest Regions of Canada (1966) The Forest (1966) | |
Song Titles | A Forest In The Rain (performing artist: Tom Chapin) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Crude materials from forest and ocean arrive at the NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Facility, where an extraction laboratory prepares samples of the natural substances for chemical analysis. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |  | In the middle of the photo stands a pacific yew tree. Photo was taken in Mt. Hood National Forest. Credit: Nancy Lankford (photographer). |
 | Once a vast carpet of healthy vegetation, the Amazon rain forest is changing rapidly. This image of Bolivia shows dramatic deforestation in the Amazon Basin. Loggers have cut long paths into the forest, while ranchers have cleared large blocks for their herds. Fanning out from these clear-cut areas are settlements built in radial arrangements of fields and farms. Healthy vegetation appears bright red in this image. Credit: NASA. |  | The Ganges River forms an extensive delta where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The delta is largely covered with a swamp forest known as the Sunderbans, which is home to the Royal Bengal Tiger. Credit: NASA. |
 | Drowned forest discovered by wiredrag on Lake Washington Pulling up a moderate size tree Wiredrag party of N. H. Heck. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | A new forest fire - about 30 minutes after being started by lightning Rain put out the fire the following day Triangulation party of Walt Helm. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Waterfall on Kauai seen through the rain forest. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Rain forest. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Flowering plant in the Alaskan forest at Little Port Walter. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Tuna processing plant at Favignana. The site where the decapitated tuna were hung was referred to as "IL BOSCO", (The Forest.). Credit: Fisheries. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Nikko in the Forest" by Nikko the Shiba Inu Commentary: "My two year old Shib Inu looking fine in the forest." | "LA National Forest 5" by Hassaan Mahmood Commentary: "San Bernardino mountains." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Stream; woods; forest; wildlife; water; river; gurgle; babbling; brook. | | Stream; woods; forest; wildlife; water; river; gurgle; babbling; brook; bird; . |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
George Villiers | The world's a forest, in which all lose their way; though by a different path each goes astray. |
Henrik Ibsen | A forest bird never wants a cage. |
Henry Ward Beecher | Genius unexerted is no more genius than a bushel of acorns is a forest of oaks. |
John Muir | The clearest way into the universe is through a forest wilderness. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | The creation of a thousand forest in one acorn. |
Robert Burns | When chill November's surly blast make fields and forest bare. |
Thomas Carlyle | When the oak is felled the whole forest echoes with it fall, but a hundred acorns are sown in silence by an unnoticed breeze. |
Victor Hugo | The mountains, the forest, and the sea, render men savage; they develop the fierce, but yet do not destroy the human. |
William James | Religious awe is the same organic thrill which we feel in a forest at twilight, or in a mountain gorge. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Men who dwell without the forest need not henceforth come before our justiciaries of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are in plea, or sureties of one or more, who are attached for the forest. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The number of employees or officials of the German States such as customs officers, forest guards and coastguards, shall not exceed that of the employees or officials functioning in these capacities in 1913. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He never read the Romance of the Forest, nor The Children of the Abbey |
Hiawatha's Photographing | Carroll, Lewis | All the while that she was sitting, Still the lady chattered, chattered, Like a monkey in the forest. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | It straggled onward into the mystery of the primeval forest. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Make your way out of a forest full of tigers, and when out, fancy yourself advised by a friend to return |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | It was even supposed by some that the pond had sunk, and this was one of the primitive forest that formerly stood there |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A dead chimpanzee found in the forest at the time was determined to be infected. (references) | |
In eastern states, ticks are associated with deciduous forest and habitat containing leaf litter. (references) | ||
Situation - Scientist became ill after conducting an autopsy on a wild chimpanzee in the Tai Forest. (references) | ||
Business | The forest resources of the Russian Far East are enormous, accounting for almost 40% of Russia's national total. (references) | |
U.S. oil and gas exploration company, Forest Oil, has acquired gas exploration concessions in the Western Cape of South Africa. (references) | ||
In 1998, the Chinese government imposed prohibitive regulations substantially reducing the harvest in the forest regions of the northeast. (references) | ||
Children | Guinea | Although such marriages are prohibited by law, parents contract marriages for girls as young as 11 years of age in the forest region. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Guinea | Refugees account for half or more of the populations of the forest region cities of N'Zerekore, Kissidougou, and Macenta. (references) |
Guinea | According to the UNHCR, more than 200,000 Sierra Leoneans entered Guinea since January 1998 and are mostly in the forest region. (references) | |
Economic History | Liberia | Liberia has 40% of West Africa's rain forest. (references) |
Vanuatu | Above this division is red, below is forest green. (references) | |
Vietnam | Land use--21% arable; 28% forest and woodland; 51% other. (references) | |
Human Rights | India | In April 2000, United People's Democratic Solidarity (UPDS) militants lined up 11 non-Karbi laborers in the Dhansari Reserve Forest in Karbi Anglong district and shot at them. (references) |
Czech Republic | Although his documents were in order, the policemen insulted him, slapped him, took him to a forest and severely beat him, and threatened to kill him if he reported the incident. (references) | |
Burma | Thousands of villagers either fled or were driven from their homes, where they lived in makeshift forest shelters, frequently in heavily mined areas without adequate food, security, or basic medical care. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Sri Lanka | Under a pilot program, Veddas received special identity cards to enable their use of these forest areas. (references) |
Gabon | Several thousand Pygmies live in the country, most in large tracts of still-intact rain forest in the northeast. (references) | |
India | No rubber, wax, ivory, or other forest products may be removed from the protected areas without prior authorization. (references) | |
Minorities | Guinea | In January 2000, violent clashes between Christian and Muslim villages in the forest region left 30 persons dead. (references) |
Vietnam | Officials in Dak Lak Province reportedly are experimenting with a land policy that would allocate certain forest lands to ethnic minority villages for communal use. (references) | |
Guinea | Soussou preeminence in the public sector and Malinke migration into the traditional homelands of smaller ethnic groups in the forest region have been major sources of political tensions that sometimes have erupted into violence. (references) | |
Political Economy | Chile | Copper remained the most important export; salmon, forest products, fresh fruit, fishmeal, other minerals, and manufactured goods also were significant sources of foreign exchange. (references) |
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | Government policy prohibits new foreign investment in a number of areas including national defense production; forest exploitation; and domestic air, surface and water transportation. (references) | |
CANADA | U.S. lumber producers have argued for years that Canadian provinces' forest management practices (e.g., log export restrictions and low "stumpage" fees for harvesting timber on Crown land) constitute subsidies to Canadian lumber exports. (references) | |
Trade | Philippines | For 2001, three loans are planned for Mindanao: basic education ($50 million); urban services ($45 million); and forest resource management ($40 million). (references) |
Cote D'ivoire | The USDA's West Africa Regional GSM-102 Credit Guarantee Program provides access to financing for imports of wheat, rice, feed grains, vegetable oil, protein meal, livestock genetics , forest products, and dairy products. (references) | |
Japan | JAS applies to beverages, processed foods, forest products, agricultural commodities, livestock products, oils and fats, products of the fishing industry, and processed goods made from agricultural, forestry, and fishing industry raw materials. (references) | |
Women | Guinea | However, infibulation, the most dangerous form of FGM, still is performed in the forest region, but less frequently than in previous years. (references) |
Worker Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | In May in southwestern Lakota, 26 young persons were arrested as they traveled from Guinea to work in the forest region. (references) |
Cote d'Ivoire | In June security forces stopped 26 children from Benin as they were transiting northern Cote d'Ivoire toward the forest regions. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ULTIMATUM, n. In diplomacy, a last demand before resorting to concessions. Having received an ultimatum from Austria, the Turkish Ministry met to consider it. "O servant of the Prophet," said the Sheik of the Imperial Chibouk to the Mamoosh of the Invincible Army, "how many unconquerable soldiers have we in arms?" "Upholder of the Faith," that dignitary replied after examining his memoranda, "they are in numbers as the leaves of the forest!" "And how many impenetrable battleships strike terror to the hearts of all Christian swine?" he asked the Imaum of the Ever Victorious Navy. "Uncle of the Full Moon," was the reply, "deign to know that they are as the waves of the ocean, the sands of the desert and the stars of Heaven!" For eight hours the broad brow of the Sheik of the Imperial Chibouk was corrugated with evidences of deep thought: he was calculating the chances of war. Then, "Sons of angels," he said, "the die is cast! I shall suggest to the Ulema of the Imperial Ear that he advise inaction. In the name of Allah, the council is adjourned." |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | The only reason we have more forestation today than we did at the founding of the country is because we've learned how to put out the forest fires. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Forest" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 69.53% of the time. "Forest" is used about 6,753 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 69.53% | 4,695 | 2,086 |
| Noun (proper) | 30.34% | 2,049 | 4,230 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.1% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.03% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6,753 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "forest" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Forest | First name Male | 7,000 | 817 |
| Forest | Last name | 3,000 | 4,727 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| "Forest" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "a forest". | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "forest". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Harosheth | N/A | Biblical | A forest |
| Silas | N/A | Biblical | Who loves the forest |
| Silvanus | N/A | Biblical | Who loves the forest |
| Forest | Male | English | A forest |
| Forrest | Male | English | A forest |
| Silas | N/A | English | Who loves the forest |
| Sylvain | N/A | French | Who loves the forest |
| Sylvaine | N/A | French | Who loves the forest |
| Silas | N/A | Greek | Who loves the forest |
| Silvana | N/A | Italian | Who loves the forest |
| Silvano | N/A | Italian | Who loves the forest |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| The following table summarizes names related to "Forest." | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Related Name |
| Forest | Male | English | Forrest |
| Forrest | Male | English | N/A |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Alliance Forest Products Incorporated | France | Matussiere et Forest SA |
| United Kingdom | Nottingham Forest plc | USA | Forest City Enterprises Incorporated |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Forest, IN 2. Forest, LA (village, FIPS 26350) 3. Forest, MS (city, FIPS 25340) 4. Forest, OH (village, FIPS 27636) 5. Forest, TX 6. Forest, VA (CDP, FIPS 28688) |
Expressions using "forest": area covered with forest shrubs ♦ argonne Forest ♦ beasts of the forest ♦ biltmore Forest ♦ black Forest ♦ black forest gateau ♦ clear a forest ♦ coniferous forest ♦ coppice forest ♦ culled forest ♦ current annual forest per cent ♦ current annual forest percent ♦ De Forest ♦ deciduous forest ♦ Del Monte Forest ♦ demarcated forest ♦ Drift of the forest ♦ fir forest ♦ Forest Acres ♦ forest bird ♦ forest canopy ♦ Forest City ♦ forest clearing ♦ Forest County ♦ forest crop ♦ forest culture ♦ forest demon ♦ Forest Falls ♦ forest fire ♦ forest fire fighter ♦ Forest fly ♦ forest fuels ♦ forest genetics ♦ Forest glade ♦ forest goat ♦ forest god ♦ Forest Grove ♦ Forest Heights ♦ Forest Hill ♦ Forest Hills ♦ Forest Home ♦ forest industry ♦ forest influences ♦ Forest Island Park ♦ Forest Junction ♦ Forest Knolls ♦ Forest Lake ♦ Forest Lakes ♦ forest land ♦ forest land not regularly managed ♦ forest land regularly managed ♦ Forest laws ♦ forest litter ♦ forest measurement ♦ forest mensuration ♦ Forest Oaks ♦ forest of stunted trees ♦ Forest Park ♦ forest pathology ♦ forest per cent ♦ forest percent ♦ forest plantation area ♦ forest range ♦ forest ranger ♦ forest red gum ♦ forest reserve ♦ forest residues ♦ Forest River ♦ forest science ♦ forest shelter belt ♦ forest shelter belts ♦ forest spirit ♦ forest tent caterpillar ♦ Forest tree ♦ Forest View ♦ forest warden ♦ forest watchman ♦ fossil forest ♦ Giant Forest ♦ Green Forest ♦ Grey Forest ♦ grey forest soil ♦ in the depths of the forest ♦ Keeper of the forest ♦ Kyasanur Forest Disease ♦ Lake Forest ♦ Lake Forest Esta ♦ Lake Forest North ♦ Lake Forest Park ♦ Lee De Forest ♦ Lk Forest Park ♦ maiden forest ♦ managed forest ♦ mixed forest ♦ natural forest ♦ Neuse Forest ♦ New Forest disease ♦ noncommercial forest land ♦ Oak Forest ♦ Park Forest ♦ Park Forest Village. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "forest": forest-area, forest-burning, forest-clad, forest-covered, forest-dappled, forest-destroying, forest-dweller, forest-dwellers, forest-dwelling, forest-edge, forest-fire, forest-floor, forest-free, forest-fringed, forest-green, forest-harvesting, forest-land, forest-like, Forest-liverpool, forest-living, forest-loving, forest-management, forest-ranger, forest-rich, forest-sized, forest-steppe, forest-trees, forest-tundra. | |
Ending with "forest": Jed-forest, rain-forest. | |
Containing "forest": evergreen-forest-dweller, Lagunitas-Forest Knolls. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
rain forest | 9,913 | tonto national forest | 540 |
forest | 4,798 | redwood forest | 525 |
forest of oregon | 1,951 | lake forest il | 472 |
rain forest cafe | 1,215 | enchanted forest | 405 |
forest fire | 1,032 | nantahala national forest | 400 |
forest hills ny | 1,024 | rain forest picture | 382 |
tropical rain forest | 964 | park forest illinois | 351 |
amazon rain forest | 927 | national forest service | 320 |
white mountain national forest | 908 | river forest | 318 |
black forest | 866 | petrified forest | 296 |
us forest service | 849 | rain forest tour | 286 |
white river national forest | 822 | inyo national forest | 275 |
national forest | 790 | sequoia national forest | 275 |
rain forest animal | 755 | forest state washington | 267 |
el dorado national forest | 642 | cook forest | 266 |
lake forest ca | 636 | forest gump | 265 |
wake forest university | 614 | forest picture | 253 |
costa rica rain forest | 582 | lake forest | 237 |
wake forest | 579 | forest river rv | 236 |
forest service | 563 | deep forest | 233 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "forest"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | bos (woods). (various references) | |
Albanian | pyll (wood, woods). (various references) | |
Arabic | غابة (forestry), حرج ضرب من العث, حرج (awkwardness, climacteric, critical, difficulty, discomfiture, fix, high, stringent, ticklish), ساكن الحراج (forester). (various references) | |
Asturian | biesca. (various references) | |
Aymara | qoqaqoqa. (various references) | |
Basque | oihan. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | isspíkssko. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | горски (silvan, sylvan, woodland, woodsy), гора (covert, hurst, wood), залесявам (afforest), ловен парк (game-preserve, shoot), лес (wood). (various references) | |
Cebuano | lasang. (various references) | |
Chamorro | halom tano'. (various references) | |
Chinese | 森林 . (various references) | |
Cornish | coswyk. (various references) | |
Czech | rezervace (reservation), les (wood, woods). (various references) | |
Danish | skov (woods). (various references) | |
Dutch | bos (bunch, bundle, cluster, sheaf, tuft, woods), woud (woods). (various references) | |
Esperanto | arbaro (woods). (various references) | |
Faeroese | skógur (woods). (various references) | |
Farsi | تبدیل به جنگل کردن , جنگل (Greenwood, Jungle, Timberland, Weald, Wood, Woodland), درختکاری کردن (Wood), بیشه (Brake, Brushwood, Glade, Grove, Wood). (various references) | |
Finnish | metsä (wood, woodland, woods). (various references) | |
French | forêt, forestier (Forester), bois. (various references) | |
Frisian | bosk (bunch, bundle, cluster, sheaf, woods). (various references) | |
German | Wald (timber, wood, woodland, woods), Forst (woods). (various references) | |
Greek | δάσος (wood, woods). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | pyll (woods). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יער (wood). (various references) | |
Hungarian | fásít, erdõ (vert, wood, woods), erdőség (forestry, woodland), erdő (timber, wood, woods). (various references) | |
Icelandic | skógur (woods). (various references) | |
Indonesian | rimba (jungle), hutan (jungle, woods), belantara (junggle). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | napaaqtjulik nuna. (various references) | |
Irish | foraois (woods), coill (wood, woods). (various references) | |
Italian | bosco (wood, woodland, woods), foresta (Greenwood). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 林 (woods), 森林 (woods), 森林 (woods), 森 , 森 , 樹林 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しんりん (visit by an emperor or noble, woods), もり (baby-sitting, harpoon, helping, lance, leak, leakage, nursemaid, serving), じゅりん, はやし (accompaniment, band, Japanese orchestra, woods). (various references) | |
Kongo | mfinda. (various references) | |
Korean | 숲. (various references) | |
Lombard | bosch (woods). (various references) | |
Macedonian | shuma. (various references) | |
Manx | keyll [f] (a wooded place, greenwood, grove, plantation, wood), keyll (a wooded place, greenwood, grove, plantation, wood), gloo (close, close-grained; warp, close-set, close-textured, dense, fine-drawn, firm, forest), jam, serried, side bar, thick, thick as fog, thickset, thickset of hedge, tight, tight as weave). (various references) | |
Maori | ngahere. (various references) | |
Maya | kaax (chicken). (various references) | |
Norwegian | skog (woods). (various references) | |
Occitan | sèlva, bòsc (wood). (various references) | |
Papiamen | mondi (woods). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | orestfay.(various references) | |
Polish | las (woods). (various references) | |
Portuguese | floresta (bush, jungle, wood, woods), mata (brake, jungle, thicket, weald, wood, woods). (various references) | |
Provencal | bòsc. (various references) | |
Romanian | forestier (Ranger), silvic, rezervaţie de vânãtoare, puzderie (army, cloud, drops, dust, flakes, heap, host, infinite, infinity, shoal, ton), pådure (woods), pãdure (covert, Holt, timber, wood), mulţime (accumulation, army, array, body, boodle, cloud, cluster, concourse, crowd, dozen, drove, fifty, flock, generality, heap, herd, hive, host, huddle, lashing, manifold, mass, mob, multitude, muster, number, Peck, pile, plenty, populace, press, quantity, rabble, ream, shoal, sight, squash, stack, swarm, throng), codru, împãduri (afforest, wood). (various references) | |
Romansch | guaud (wood). (various references) | |
Romany | vesh. (various references) | |
Russian | лес (scaffold, scaffolding, wood, woods). (various references) | |
Samoan | vaomatua. (various references) | |
Scottish | coille (grove, wood, woods). (various references) | |
Sepedi | sethokgwa. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pošumiti (afforest), šumski (silvan), šuma (greenwood, wood, woods). (various references) | |
Shona | dondo. (various references) | |
Sicilian | furestu. (various references) | |
Spanish | bosque (backwood, backwoods, timber, wood, woodland, woods). (various references) | |
Sranan | busi (primeval forest, woods). (various references) | |
Swahili | msitu (woods). (various references) | |
Swedish | skog (forests, wood, woodland, woods). (various references) | |
Turkish | ormanlaştırmak (afforest), orman (forestry, hurst, jungle, sylvan, woods), ağaçlandırmak (afforest, plant, reforest). (various references) | |
Turkmen | tokaяlyk (wooded place), tokaя (wood), jeссel (jungle, wilderness). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | садовити ліс, мисливський заповідник, ліс (wood). (various references) | |
Welsh | fforest, coedwig (wood). (various references) | |
Yucatec | k'aax (jungle, woods). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | tir. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | silva. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | holt, holtwudu. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Isaiah Chapter 56, Verse 9 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Panta ta qhria ta agria deute fagete panta ta qhria tou drumou |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Omnes bestiae agri venite ad devorandum universae bestiae saltus |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Alle bestus of the feeld, cometh to deuouren, alle yee bestus of the wilde wode. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in the forest. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yes, all ye beasts in the forest. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | All you beasts of the field, come together for your meat, even all you beasts of the wood. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Isaiah Chapter 56, Verse 9 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Kamong tanan nga mga mananap sa kapatagan, umari aron sa pagsubad, oo, kamong tanan nga mga mananap sa lasang. |
| Croatian | Sve zvijeri poljske, doðite jesti, i sve vi, zvijeri šumske! |
| Danish | Alle I Markens Dyr, kom hid og æd, alle I Dyr i Skoven! |
| Dutch | Al gij gedierten des velds, komt om te eten, ja, al gij gedierten in het woud! |
| Finnish | Kaikki kedon eläimet, tulkaa syömään, te metsän eläimet kaikki. |
| French | Vous toutes, bêtes des champs, Venez pour manger, vous toutes, bêtes de la forêt! |
| German | Alle Tiere auf dem Felde, kommet, und fresset, ja alle Tiere im Walde! |
| Hungarian | Mezõnek minden vadai! jertek el enni, erdõnek minden vadai! |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | TUHAN menyuruh bangsa-bangsa asing datang seperti binatang buas untuk menerkam umat-Nya. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Marilah, hai segala margasatwa di padang dan segala binatang yang di hutan, datanglah makan! |
| Italian | Voi tutte, bestie dei campi, venite a mangiare; voi tutte, bestie della foresta, venite. |
| Maori | ¶ E nga kirehe katoa o te parae, haere mai ki te kai, e nga kirehe katoa o te ngahere. |
| Norwegian | Alle I markens dyr, kom og et, alle I dyr i skogen! |
| Rumanian | ,,Veniyi toate fiarele de pe ckmp, veniyi de mkncayi, toate fiarele din pqdure! |
| Russian | чУЕ ЪЧЕТЙ РПМЕЧЩЕ, ЧУЕ ЪЧЕТЙ МЕУОЩЕ! ЙДЙФЕ ЕУФШ. |
| Spanish | ¡Todos los animales del campo, todos los animales del bosque, venid a comer! |
| Swedish | I alla djur på marken, kommen och äten, ja, I alla skogens djur. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "forest": forestage, forestages, forestal, forestall, forestalled, forestaller, forestallers, forestalling, forestallment, forestallments, forestalls, forestation, forestations, forestay, forestays, forestaysail, forestaysails, forested, forester, foresters, forestial, foresting, forestland, forestlands, forestries, forestry, forests. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "forest": afforest, deforest, rainforest, reafforest, reforest. (additional references) | |
Words containing "forest": afforestation, afforestations, afforested, afforesting, afforests, agroforester, agroforesters, agroforestries, agroforestry, deforestation, deforestations, deforested, deforesting, deforests, rainforests, reafforestation, reafforestations, reafforested, reafforesting, reafforests, reforestation, reforestations, reforested, reforesting, reforests, unforested. (additional references) | |
| |
"Forest" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: farest, fiores, Fioretti, fiorist, florest, Floresta, Foerstel, foest, foprest, forast, forbesi, forens, fores, foreset, foress, Foresta, foreste, Foresty, foret, Forez, forgest, forista, forit, formest, Forret, forsc, forse, Forseth, forst, forste, Fortetsa, froust, Fuerst, funrest, furet, furist, furst, Orrest. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "forest" (pronounced fô"rust) |
| 6 | f ô" r u s t | deforest, reforest. |
| 4 | -r u s t | aquarist, barest, buttressed, dearest, direst, embarrassed, fairest, florist, guitarist, interest, merest, nearest, noninterest, poorest, psychiatrist, purest, rainforest, rarest, severest, surest, terraced, tourist. |
| 3 | -u s t | agonist, agriculturalist, agronomist, alarmist, alchemist, allergist, amethyst, amorist, analyst, anarchist, anatomist, anesthesiologist, anesthetist, angriest, animist, antagonist, anthropologist, anticommunist, apologist, apprenticed, archaeologist, archivist, arsonist, absolutist, accompanist, ablest, abolitionist, abortionist, activist, artist, atheist, August, ballast, balloonist, behaviorist, biased, bicyclist, biggest, biochemist, biologist, bitterest, blackest, bleakest, bloodiest, bluest, bluntest, boldest, botanist, bravest, breakfast, briefest, brightest, broadest, busiest, calloused, canoeist, canvassed, capitalist, cardiologist, caricaturist, cartoonist, catalyst, cellist, chauvinist, cheapest, choicest, clarinetist, classicist, cleanest, closest, coldest, colonialist, colonist, columnist, communist, conservationist, contortionist, conversationalist, coolest, cornettist, craziest, creamiest, criminologist, cruelest, cultist, cyclist, darkest, hygienist, idealist, ideologist, illusionist, immunologist, imperialist, impressionist, deadliest, deepest, deist, densest, dentist, dermatologist, determinist, dirtiest, dishonest, disinterest, driest, druggist, dullest, dumbest, earliest, earnest, easiest, ecologist, economist, editorialist, eldest, elitist, empiricist, encompassed, encyclopedist, endocrinologist, entomologist, environmentalist, epidemiologist, ethicist, ethnomusicologist, exhibitionist, exorcist, expressionist, extremist, faintest, fanciest, farthest, fascist, fastest, fattest, federalist, feminist, fetishist, fewest, fiercest, finalist, finest, firmest, fittest, flimsiest, focused, focussed, foggiest, fondest, formalist, freest, freshest, friendliest, fullest, fundamentalist, funnest, funniest, furthest, generalist, geneticist, gentlest, geologist, gerontologist, goldest, grandest, gravest, grayest, greatest, greediest, greenest, grimaced, grimmest, grooviest, gymnast, gynecologist, happiest, hardest, harnessed, harshest, harvest, healthiest, heaviest, heftiest, herbalist, highest, hippest, hobbyist, holiest, honest, hottest, hugest, humblest, humorist, individualist, industrialist, institutionalist, instrumentalist, internationalist, internist, interventionist, isolationist, jaundiced, journalist, juiciest, junkiest, keenest, kindest, kremlinologist, largest, latest, laziest, leanest, leftist, librettist, lightest, likeliest, linguist, littlest, liveliest, lobbyist, locust, longest, loudest, lowest, loyalist, luckiest, lyricist, machinist, manicurist, mannerist, masochist, materialist, meanest, medalist, mercantilist, meteorologist, methodist, microbiologist, mightiest, mildest, mineralogist, misogynist, modernist, modest, monopolist, motorcyclist, motorist, musicologist, narrowest, nastiest, nationalist, naturalist, neatest, neediest, neurologist, neuroscientist, neutralist, newest, noblest, noisiest, noncommunist, nonconformist, noticed, novelist, nutritionist, oboist, obstructionist, oddest, oldest, oncologist, ophthalmologist, opportunist, organist, orthodontist, orthopedist, pacifist, paleontologist, palest, panelist, pathologist, pessimist, pharmacist, philanthropist, photojournalist, physiologist, pianist, polemicist, populist, prefaced, prejudiced, premised, preservationist, prettiest, priciest, promised, propagandist, protagonist, protectionist, proudest, psychoanalyst, psychologist, psychotherapist, purchased, quickest, quietest, quietist, racist, radiologist, rainiest, rapist, receptionist, reddest, refocused, remotest, repurchased, reservationist, reservist, resurfaced, revolutionist, rheumatologist, richest, rightist, riskiest, ritziest, roughest, rudest, saddest, sadist, safest, satirist, savviest, scariest, scientist, secessionist, secularist, segregationist, seismologist, semifinalist, separatist, serologist, serviced, sexiest, shakiest, sharpest, shortest, showiest, shrewdest, sickest, silliest, simplest, skimpiest, skinniest, sleekest, slickest, slightest, slimmest, sloppiest, slowest, smallest, smartest, smoggiest, smoothest, socialist, sociologist, softest, soonest, soundest, specialist, spiritualist, stablest, staunchest, steepest, sternest, stickiest, stiffest, stormiest, strangest, strategist, strictest, strongest, stupidest, supremacist, surfaced, survivalist, sweetest, swiftest, tallest, tannest, technologist, televangelist, tempest, theorist, therapist, thickest, thinnest, thorniest, tightest, tiniest, toniest, toughest, toxicologist, traditionalist, trendiest, trickiest, truest, ugliest, ultranationalist, unbiased, unfocused, unionist, unkindest, unnoticed, urologist, violinist, violist, virologist, vocalist, warmest, weakest, wealthiest, weirdest, wettest, whitest, widest, wildest, wisest, witnessed, worthiest, yellowest, youngest, zaniest, zoologist. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: fetors, fortes, foster, softer. | |
| Words within the letters "e-f-o-r-s-t" | |
-1 letter: fetor, fores, forte, forts, frets, froes, frost, ofter, roset, rotes, store, tores, torse. | |
-2 letters: efts, eros, erst, fets, foes, fore, fort, fret, froe, ores, orts, refs, reft, rest, rets, roes, rose, rote, rots, serf, soft, sore, sort, toes, tore, tors, tref. | |
-3 letters: efs, eft, ers, fer, fet, foe, for, fro, oes, oft, ore. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-f-o-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: defrost, efforts, florets, foetors, footers, forests, forgets, forties, fosters, frontes, frosted, lofters, twofers. | |
+2 letters: afforest, coffrets, crofters, deforest, defrosts, fagoters, felworts, firepots, floaters, flouters, footlers, footrest, footsore, forecast, foreguts, foremast, foremost, forepast, forestal, forestay, forested, forester, forestry, foretops, forfeits, forkiest, formates, forspent, fortress, fortunes, fostered, fosterer, fretsome, frosteds, frostier, frowsted, fructose, outfires, overfast, oversoft, pieforts, pomfrets, poofters, postfire, refloats, reforest, refronts, rotifers, seafront, setiform, softener, software, telfords, trefoils, troffers. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Derived from 18. Names: Company Usage 19. Cities 20. Expressions | 21. Expressions: Internet 22. Translations: Modern 23. Translations: Ancient 24. Bible Trace | 25. Abbreviations 26. Acronyms 27. Derivations 28. Rhymes | 29. Anagrams 30. Bibliography |
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