Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Civilization |
CivilizationNoun1. A society in an advanced state of development. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "civilization" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
19th Century Satire | An upward growth or tendency that has enabled mankind to develop the college yell from what was once only a feeble war- whoop. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Health | The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonym: CivilizationSynonym: civilisation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Courtesy | Noun: courtesy; respect; good manners, good behavior, good breeding; manners; politeness; Adjective: bienseance, urbanity, comity, gentility, breeding, polish, presence; civility, civilization; amenity, suavity; good temper, good humor; amiability, easy temper, complacency, soft tongue, mansuetude; condescension; (humility); affability, complaisance, pr_venance, amability, gallantry; pink of politeness, pink of courtesy. |
Fashion | Noun: fashion, style, ton, bon ton, society; good society, polite society; monde; drawing-room, civilized life, civilization, town, beau monde, high life, court; world; fashionable world, gay world; Vanity Fair; show; (ostentation). |
Improvement | Noun: improvement; amelioration, melioration; betterment; mend, amendment, emendation; mending; Verb: advancement; advance; (progress); ascent; promotion, preferment; elevation; increase; cultivation, civilization; culture, march of intellect; menticulture; race-culture, eugenics. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You can't possibly think that a civilization sending this kind of message would intend it just for Americans. (Contact; writing credit: Carl Sagan;) Reject the basic assumptions of civilization, especially the importance of materiel possessions. (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) Do you realize in the entire history of western civilization no one has successfully accomplished the Roommate Switch? (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Fred what we want is I think what everyone wants, and what you and your viewers have, civilization. (Gremlins 2: The New Batch; writing credit: Charles S. Haas) Because, basically, we talked it over, Chastity and myself, and we came to the conclusion that civilization is nothing more than an effective sewage system. (The Rutles; writing credit: Eric Idle) | |
Lyrics | And all of western civilization (Californication; performing artist: Red Hot Chili Peppers) | |
Clever | Civilization is a limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities. (references; author: Mark Twain) If builders built buildings the way programmers write programs, the first woodpecker to come along would destroy civilization. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Adventures of a Brown Man in Search of Civilization (1972) Beyond Civilization (1949) Civilization (1916) Burning Daylight: The Adventures of 'Burning Daylight' in Civilization (1914) A Sacrifice to Civilization (1911) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Theater & Movies | |||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Civilization and Billy didn't work out Billy at Seattle - afraid of the cars Billy was given a new home at the Seattle zoo. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The Explorer's Return to Civilization. : [Frederick A. Cook]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | New Year's : guarding against the dangers of the wilderness (1681), and of civilization (1881). Credit: Library of Congress. |  | More [c]ulture : to save the civilization of Europe. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Government has never included the vision, spirit and genius of industrial civilization. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Civilization builders. Ah! The manly art of self defense! Training a champion, no doubt! ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The Evolution of civilization, dome of rotunda / E.H. Blashfield, artist. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | A union in the interest of humanity - civilization - freedom and peace for all time. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Somewhere in Central Africa. Here, at length, is the witch doctor and his USA airplane, the P-40 or "steam-chicken" as the bushmen call it. Civilization advances into the inner sanctums of the medicine men, and penetrates the Dark Continent, which for hun. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Wake up America! Civilization calls every man, woman and child! / James Montgomery Flagg. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Disraeli | . . . a society which has mistaken comfort for civilization. |
E. M. Cioran | A civilization is destroyed only when its gods are destroyed. |
Elbert Hubbard | The path of civilization is paved with tin cans. |
G.k. Chesterton | Confucianism may be a civilization but it is not a religion. |
Joseph De Maistre | Wherever an altar is found, there civilization exists. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Civilization depends on morality. |
| A sufficient measure of civilization is the influence of good women. | |
Samuel Johnson | A decent provision for the poor is the true test of civilization. |
Thomas B. Aldrich | Civilization is the lamb's skin in which barbarism masquerades. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | Except in the British Commonwealth and in the United States where Communism is in its infancy, the Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
So Long, and Thanks For All the Fish | Douglas Adams | He opened the bottle and wiped the top of it with the towel, which had the opposite effect to the one intended, in that the Ol' Janx Spirit instantly killed off millions of the germs which had been slowly building up quite a complex and enlightened civilization on the smellier patches of the towel. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | India | This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to ecological changes. (references) |
China | China is the oldest continuous major world civilization, with records dating back about 3,500 years. (references) | |
Oman | An old civilization and a young state, Oman continues to modify its legal and institutional structures. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Venezuela | Many indigenous people are isolated from modern civilization and lack access to basic health and educational facilities. (references) |
Travel | Egypt | Egyptians are a proud people who trace their civilization back 5,000 years. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | BRAIN, n. An apparatus with which we think what we think. That which distinguishes the man who is content to be something from the man who wishes to do something. A man of great wealth, or one who has been pitchforked into high station, has commonly such a headful of brain that his neighbors cannot keep their hats on. In our civilization, and under our republican form of government, brain is so highly honored that it is rewarded by exemption from the cares of office. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | I add with pleasure that the probability even of their civilization is not diminished by the experiments which have been thus far made under the auspices of Government. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | The commerce with the Indians, too, within our own boundaries is likely to receive abundant aliment from the same internal source, and will secure to them peace and the progress of civilization, undisturbed by practices hostile to both. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Equally proper is it to persevere in our efforts to extend to them the advantages of civilization. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | There the benevolent may endeavor to teach them the arts of civilization, and, by promoting union and harmony among them, to raise up an interesting commonwealth, destined to perpetuate the race and to attest the humanity and justice of this Government. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | Our eyes never will be blind to a developing menace, our ears never deaf to the call of civilization. |
Herbert C. Hoover | 1929-1933 | We are steadily building a new race--a new civilization great in its own attainments. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | An America that is mighty beyond description-yet living in a hostile or despairing world-would be neither safe nor free to build a civilization to liberate the spirit of man. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | But already we've pushed civilization forward with our advances in science and technology. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | This beautiful capital, like every capital since the dawn of civilization, is often a place of intrigue and calculation. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | And we will not allow any terrorist or tyrant to threaten civilization with weapons of mass murder. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Civilization" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.72% of the time. "Civilization" is used about 711 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.72% | 709 | 9,445 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.14% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Noun (common) | 0.14% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 711 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "civilization": advance of civilization ♦ Aegean civilization ♦ clash of civilization ♦ cycladic civilization ♦ Hallstatt civilization ♦ Hallstattian civilization ♦ helladic civilization ♦ islamic civilization ♦ minoan civilization ♦ mycenaean civilization ♦ old civilization ♦ on the margin of civilization ♦ the amenities of civilization ♦ the cradle of civilization. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "civilization": half-civilization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "civilization"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaans | beskawing. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | vendet e qytetëruara, qytetërim, kulturë (cultivation, culture, reading). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مدنية, حضارة (culture), المدينية (urbanization), التمدن, الشعوب المتحضرة. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | цивилизация, култура (acquirements, attainments, cultivation, culture). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 文明 (civilized, culture). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | civilizace. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | center for europæisk kultur og civilisation (centre for European culture and civilization). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | beschaving (culture), beschaven (civilize, cultivate, grow). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | civilizo, civilizado, civilizacio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | sivistys (culture, education), sivistynyt maailma (civilized world), kulttuuri (culture). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | civilisation (civilisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | beskaving. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | zivilisation (civilisation), Gesittung. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | πολιτισμόσ (culture, ethos), εκπολιτισμόσ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ישוב "עולם, תרבות (culture, development, education, enlightenment), ציביליזצי". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | civilizáció (civilisation), kultúra (culture), műveltség (cultivation, erudition, learning), művelődés. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | peradaban (culture), adab (courtesy, culture, erudition, good manners, knowing proper, learning, refinement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | civilt (civility, culture), civilizzazione (civilisation), paesi civili, incivilimento (civilisation, civilizing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 開化 (enlightenment), 開明 (enlightenment), 人文 (culture, humanity), 教化 (culture, education), 文化 (culture), 文明 (culture), シップエア方式 (chiffon, chignon style, cine mode, cine sign, cinefilm, cinema, cinema complex, CinemaScope, Cinerama, cineraria, cinnamon, citron, city, city air terminal, city boy, city gal, city guide, city hall, city pops, civic, civic center, civic trust, civil minimum, civilian control, cynic, cynical, cynicism, move into low gear, scenario, scenario writer, senior, severe, shift, shift dress, shift in, shift key, shift out, shift-JIS, ship air system, Sinanthropus pekinensis, sine curve, sinusoide, Sydney, synagogue, synapse, synergy, synonym, synopsis). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | きょうか (bridge girder, comictanka, culture, curriculum, education, intensify, reinforce, solidify, strengthen, subject), ぶ"か (branch, course, culture, department, literary course, school, section, specialization, subdivision, the arts), ぶ"めい (clear understanding, clearness, culture, literary fame), かいか (blooming, downstairs, enlightenment, fire of mysterious or suspicious origin, lower floor, open access, open shelves), かいめい (darkness, elucidation, enlightenment, explication, name change, names of notes of musical scale, solfa), シ"リゼーション , じ"ぶ" (culture, humanity), じ"も" (cross examination, culture, humanity, interrogation, questioning, surrender to the enemy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 문명 (civilisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | ard-veenid (civility). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ivilizationcay cywilizacja. (various references) civilização (culture, domestication). (various references) civilizaţie (civility). (various references) цивилизация. (various references) civilizacija. (various references) civilización. (various references) kultur (cultivation, culture), civilisation. (various references) ความศิวิไลซ์ (civilisation). (various references) uygarlaştırma (domestication), uygarlık (urbaneness, urbanity), medeniyet (culture), medenilik (culture, urbaneness, urbanity), medenileştirme. (various references) цивілізованість, цивілізований світ, цивілізація, культура (culture). (various references) sự l m cho văn minh, sự khai hoá nền văn minh những nước văn minh, những dân tộc văn minh. (various references) gwareiddiad. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cultu, cultui, cultum, cultus, humanitas, humanitatem, humanitatis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "civilization": civilizational, civilizations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "civilization": supercivilization. (additional references) | |
Words containing "civilization": supercivilizations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Civilization" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: civilisation, civilizatoin, civilizazion, civlization, divinization. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "civilization" (pronounced si'vuluzā"shun) |
| 8 | -u l u z ā" sh u n | cannibalization, capitalization, centralization, commercialization, criminalization, decentralization, decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, demoralization, denationalization, destabilization, equalization, fertilization, generalization, globalization, hospitalization, industrialization, institutionalization, internationalization, legalization, liberalization, localization, marginalization, mineralization, mobilization, monopolization, nationalization, naturalization, neutralization, normalization, personalization, radicalization, rationalization, recapitalization, renationalization, revitalization, socialization, specialization, stabilization, sterilization, utilization, visualization. |
| 7 | -l u z ā" sh u n | realization. |
| 6 | -u z ā" sh u n | accusation, alphabetization, amortization, authorization, balkanization, categorization, characterization, collectivization, colonization, colorization, communization, computerization, dehumanization, demilitarization, democratization, demonization, denuclearization, desalinization, disorganization, dramatization, harmonization, hybridization, immunization, improvisation, ionization, magnetization, maximization, mechanization, miniaturization, mischaracterization, modernization, optimization, organisation, organization, pasteurization, polarization, politicization, popularization, pressurization, privatization, reauthorization, reorganization, securitization, standardization, subsidization, suburbanization, unionization, urbanization, vaporization, victimization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 5 | -z ā" sh u n | causation, demobilization. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, automation, aviation, avocation, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, capitulation, carnation, castration, celebration, certification, cessation, cetacean, citation, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, coloration, combination, commemoration, commendation, communication, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehydration, deification, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demodulation, demonstration, denomination, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, hesitation, hibernation, humiliation, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legislation, levitation, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, location, lubrication, machination, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, masturbation, maturation, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, moderation, modification, modulation, molestation, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, navigation, negation, negotiation, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, oration, orchestration, ordination, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, pollination, pontification, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, privation, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, ramification, ratification, reaffirmation, reallocation, recalculation, recantation, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, solicitation, sophistication, specification, speculation, stagflation, stagnation, starvation, station, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, substantiation, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, usurpation, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, vocation. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-i-i-i-l-n-o-t-v-z" | |
-2 letters: olivinitic. | |
-3 letters: ciliation. | |
-4 letters: civilian, olivinic. | |
-5 letters: avionic, incivil, initial, invital, vicinal, voltaic. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-i-i-i-l-n-o-t-v-z" | |
+1 letter: civilizations. | |
+2 letters: civilizational. | |
+3 letters: civilianization. | |
+4 letters: civilianizations. | |
+5 letters: provincialization, supercivilization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)43 69 76 69 6C 69 7A 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-.-. .. ...- .. .-.. .. --.. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000011 01101001 01110110 01101001 01101100 01101001 01111010 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)C i v i l i z a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0043 0069 0076 0069 006C 0069 007A 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)377588757875926786758180 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Afrikaans | woordeboek, definisie, vertaling | Afrikaans, бурски език, африканс, 南非荷兰语, afrikánština, Zuidafrikaans, afrikansa lingvo, afrikansa, d'Afrikanders, afrikanisch, Afrikander, Afrikaander, dél-afrikai holland nyelv, アフリカーンス語 , アフタ性口内炎 , アフリカーンス", アフリカーンス , африкаанс, afrikans, africaans, güney afrika hollanda lehçesi, бурська мова, người Nam phi, người H lan ở Kếp |
Albanian |
