Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

CIRCA

Date "CIRCA" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: CIRCA

DomainDefinition

Economics

Same as "about" and "approx."; terms which when used in a letter of credit are construed to allow a difference not to exceed 10% more or 10% less than the monetary amount, or the quantity, or the unit price. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: CIRCA

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

CIRCA

EnglishCommunication and Information Resource Centre AdministratorComputing

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Crosswords: CIRCA

English words defined with "CIRCA": Zeno of Citium. (references)
Specialty definitions using "CIRCA": clock rateIntegrated Database Management System, Intel 80186Justicelist comprehensionTelecommunications Device for the Deaf, Turbo C, TYMCOM-XUNIVAC. (references)
Non-English Usage: "CIRCA" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Dutch (about, approximately), German (approximately), Italian (about, approximately, concerning, just about, more or less, on, or so, round, some, someplace, somewhere), Latin (about, approximately, around, circa, circadian, concerning, go about, near, on the bounds of, traverse, wander through, with), Norwegian (about), Romanian (about, approximately, roundabout, thereabouts).

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Modern Usage: CIRCA

DomainUsage

Movie/TV Titles

High School Circa '65 (1979)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: CIRCA

DomainTitle

Books

  • B.J. Summers' Guide to Coca-Cola: Identifications Current Values Circa Dates (2nd Ed) (reference)

  • Circa (reference)

  • Circa 2000: Lesbian Fiction at the Millennium (reference)

  • Ecological and Agrarian Regions of South Asia: Circa 1930 (reference)

  • Hugo Grotius, De Imperio Summarum Potestatum Circa Sacra (Studies in the History of Christian Thought, 102) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Music

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: CIRCA

Illustrations:
CIRCA

More pictures...

Computer Images:
CIRCA

More pictures...

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Photo Album: CIRCA

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

This shows the south entrance of the Clinical Center circa 1982 when the main entrance faced south. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

Generic laboratory shot circa 1950 showing researchers garbed with full mask and head covering and laboratory equipment. Credit: Roy Perry (photographer).

Public Health Service officer candidate examining board, circa 1912. Credit: CDC.

SEALAB III, last of the Navy's undersea habitats, circa 1969. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP).

Model of TEKTITE habitat, circa 1970. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP).

Figure 43. A Plessey current meter and recorder. Built by Plessey Electronics circa 1969. This instrument was conceived by the Christian Michelson Institute of Bergen, Norway, under the auspices of the undersea oceanographic committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Figure 28. Biological sampling device of Apstein net circa 1891. The net and system of this device was designed for fresh-water lake studies. This net was derived from the studies of Victor Hensen on quantitative methods of studying the sea. It was first tested in the Stettiner Haff in 1892. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Tasimeter; circa 1878; {02.200/01}.

[Medicine - Military - Equipment and supplies] : [First aid packet, circa 1900]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

[Drug Jar: English Delftware: circa 1660. Showing obverse and reverse images]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: CIRCA
 

"AEM_civic" by Frank Pelligra
Commentary: "Steph Papadakis in the AEM car circa 2001."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "CIRCA".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Easy groove tempo piece typical of Howard Jones circa 1980's.An old recording of Hawaiian-sounding music circa 1950's or 1960's.
Full synthesized keyboard chords very typical of pop songs circa 1980's.A rock-influenced piece very characteristic of a contemporary rock sound circa 1980's.
Minor funky groove typical of movie scores for action scenes circa 1980's.A Brazilian-inspired rhythm section playing in a pop style circa 1980's.
Minor piece using standard harmonic cadences with synthesizer circa mid-1980's.Very typical sequence for a resolution moment in a film circa 1990's.
Quick Latin pop excerpt typical of a Paula Abdul style circa 1980's.Short riff very typical of a film score circa early 1990's. .
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: CIRCA

SubjectTopicQuote

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

JUSTICE, n. A commodity which is a more or less adulterated condition the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes and personal service. K K is a consonant that we get from the Greeks, but it can be traced away back beyond them to the Cerathians, a small commercial nation inhabiting the peninsula of Smero. In their tongue it was called Klatch, which means "destroyed." The form of the letter was originally precisely that of our H, but the erudite Dr. Snedeker explains that it was altered to its present shape to commemorate the destruction of the great temple of Jarute by an earthquake, circa 730 B.C. This building was famous for the two lofty columns of its portico, one of which was broken in half by the catastrophe, the other remaining intact. As the earlier form of the letter is supposed to have been suggested by these pillars, so, it is thought by the great antiquary, its later was adopted as a simple and natural -- not to say touching -- means of keeping the calamity ever in the national memory. It is not known if the name of the letter was altered as an additional mnemonic, or if the name was always Klatch and the destruction one of nature's pums. As each theory seems probable enough, I see no objection to believing both -- and Dr. Snedeker arrayed himself on that side of the question.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: CIRCA

"CIRCA" is generally used as an adverb (general) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "CIRCA" is used about 220 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adverb (general)100%22020,356

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: CIRCA

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

circa

347

1850 circa

5

circa shoes

233

circa david joan

5

circa footwear

110

circa jt301

5

circa skate shoes

40

circa footwear logo

5

21 circa

15

circa enterprise

5

circa skateboarding shoes

15

circa cx102

4

circa skateboard shoes

13

circa tabac

4

circa footwear.com

12

1960s circa father picture

4

circa skateboarding

11

circa footwear sale

4

circa skate

11

circa philadelphia

4

circa skateboard

9

circa cm703

4

circa logo

9

circa ma402

4

circa furniture

8

circa ny.com

4

circa hip hop

8

circa al202

4

circa clothing

8

circa by joan david

4

circa ny

6

circa sale shoes

4

circa lighting

6

circa shoes.com

4

circa jt204

5

circa telecom

4

circa jt801

5

301 circa jt

4

circa restaurant

5

circa muska

4
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: CIRCA

Language Translations for "CIRCA"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

rreth (around, brim, by, circle, circlet, circuit, compass, concerning, coterie, disc, district, gabion, girth, gyre, periphery, range, region, rim, ring, rondure, round, somewhere, union), afro (almost, nearly). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

около (about, around, in the region of, on, round, round about, some, somewhere about, toward). (various references)

   

Czech

  

přibližnì (about, approximately, or so, roughly, some). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

noin (about, approximately, around). (various references)

   

German

  

zirka (about, abroad, approximately, some). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

γύρω (about, around, in the region of, round, surrounding), περίπου (about, approximate, approximately, in the region of, opus so, or so, pretty much, some). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

körülbelül (about, approximately, around, in the neighbourhood of, in the vicinity of sg, or so, round, some, something like, towards, vicinity), cirka. (various references)

   

Italian

  

intorno a (about, around, round, towards). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ircacay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

cerca de (about, thereabout), aproximadamente (about, approximately, nearly, so, thereabout), à volta de. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

cam (a little, about, approximately, around, pretty, rather, roundabout, some, somewhat, somewhere, thereabouts, to some extent), aproximativ (about, approx., approximate, approximately, approximative, at a rough estimate, general, much, near, nearly, or so, quasi, rough, roughly, round, roundabout, some, thereabouts). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

приблизительно (about, abt about, approx approximately, approx., approximately, aprox, aproximately, at a guess, by eye, cca circa, close on, in a rough way, nearly, roughly, some, something like). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

otprilike (about, approximately, around, perchance, some, thereabouts). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

hacia (against, to, toward, towards, unto). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

cirka (about, approximately, circle). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yaklaşık (about, approximate, approximative, just about, proximate, rough, some, well nigh), takriben (about, approximately, in the rough, nearly, some), dolaylarında (in the neighborhood of, in the neighbourhood of), aşağı yukarı (about, approximately, approximative, around, close on, in the neighborhood of, in the neighbourhood of, in the rough, just about, more or less, nigh, pretty much, rough, roughly, roundly, some, something like, sub-, thereabout, to and fro, tolerably). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

приблизьно. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: CIRCA

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

circa. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: CIRCA

LanguageDateSourceMark Chapter 5, Verse 11
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintHn de ekei proV ta orh agelh coirwn megalh boskomenh
Latin405VulgateErat autem ibi circa montem grex porcorum magnus pascens
Old English990West Saxonþær wæs ymb þanne munt mycel swin-heord.læsiende.
Middle English1395WyclifAnd there was there aboute the hille a greet flok of swyn lesewynge.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleAnd ther was there nye vnto ye moutayns a greate heerd of swyne fedinge
Jacobean English1611King JamesNow there was there nigh unto the mountains a great herd of swine feeding.
Victorian English1833WebsterNow there was there nigh to the mountains a great herd of swine feeding.
Basic English1964OgdenNow on the mountain side there was a great herd of pigs getting their food.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: CIRCA

LanguageMark Chapter 5, Verse 11
CebuanoUg didtoy usa ka dakung panon sa mga baboy nga nanag-ungad diha sa bakilid.
Chinese在 那 裡 山 坡 上 、 有 一 大 群 豬 喫 食 。
CroatianA ondje je pod brdom paslo veliko krdo svinja.
DanishMen der var der ved Bjerget en stor Hjord Svin, som græssede;
DutchEn aldaar aan de bergen was een grote kudde zwijnen, weidende.
FinnishNiin siellä oli lähellä vuorta suuri sikalauma laitumella.
FrenchIl y avait là, vers la montagne, un grand troupeau de pourceaux qui paissaient.
GaelicAgus bha an sin mun bheinn treud mhor mhuc ag ionaltradh.
GermanUnd es war daselbst an den Bergen eine große Herde Säue auf der Weide.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariDekat tempat itu ada banyak sekali babi yang sedang mencari makan di lereng bukit.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaMaka adalah di sana pada bukit itu babi sekawan besar sedang mencari makan.
ItalianOra c'era là, sul monte, un numeroso branco di porci al pascolo.
LatvianBet tur pie kalna ganîjâs liels cûku bars.
MaoriNa kei reira, kei nga maunga, tetahi kahui poaka e kai ana, tona tini.
NorwegianMen det gikk en stor svinehjord og beitet der ved fjellet,
PortugueseOra, andava ali pastando no monte uma grande manada de porcos.   
RumanianAcolo, lkngq munte, era o turmq mare de porci, cari pqwteau.
RussianрБУМПУШ ЦЕ ФБН РТЙ ЗПТЕ ВПМШЫПЕ УФБДП УЧЙОЕК.
ShuarNuisha nainnium nuntumas Untsurí kuchi shushunmak matsamarmiayi.
SpanishAllí cerca de la montaña estaba paciendo un gran hato de cerdos.
SwahiliKulikuwa na kundi kubwa la nguruwe malishoni kwenye mteremko wa mlima.
SwedishNu gick där vid berget en stor svinhjord i bet.
UmaUma molaa ngkai ree, ria wori' wawu mojume hi panapa bulu'.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: CIRCA

Derivations

Words beginning with "CIRCA": circadian. (additional references)


Misspellings

"CIRCA" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Cagccat, caira, carce, Carsa, carucae, Carucci, ceca, Cerc, cerca, cerco, cic, cica, Cico, Cierach, cifra, Cimco, cinco, cincpac, cincta, cira, ciran, Circaea, circca, circe, Circeo, circu, circul, circur, ciria, cirica, cirk, cirka, Cirkit, cirra, cirrca, Ciucci, clira, Corca, corce, Corcia, crc, crecca, cria, criacao, Crisham, curco, cyrk, Czipra, Czirjak, Icaricia, icca, icdcs, Icpc, icraf, ircam, kirka, Kirkahm, Kirya, Mirca. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: CIRCA

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-c-c-i-r"

-2 letters: air, arc, car, ria.

-3 letters: ai, ar.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-c-i-r"
 

+1 letter: arctic, capric, ricrac.

 

+2 letters: acerbic, acronic, acrotic, acrylic, archaic, arctics, boracic, breccia, caloric, cambric, caprice, cardiac, carices, carioca, carsick, ceramic, cochair, crucial, crucian, practic, racemic, ricracs, scraich.

 

+3 letters: accredit, accruing, acentric, achromic, acicular, acrostic, acrylics, aircheck, aircoach, anarchic, apractic, ascorbic, breccial, breccias, caesuric, calcaria, calorics, cambrics, cancroid, capricci, caprices, carbamic, carbolic, carbonic, cardiacs, carditic, cariocas, carritch, caryatic, catchier, cavicorn, celeriac, ceramics, cercaria, cervical, chancier, characid, characin, chicaner, choragic, cicatrix, circular, clerical, cochairs, cocinera, coracoid, cortical, coumaric, cracking, cratonic, critical, crucians, cruciate, curacies, diarchic, draconic, dyarchic, farcical, gimcrack, isocracy, narcotic, practice, rachitic, ricercar, rickrack, scarcity, scraichs, thoracic, trictrac, trochaic.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Slideshow
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Images: Digital Art
8. Sounds
9. Quotations: Non-fiction
10. Usage Frequency
11. Expressions: Internet
12. Translations: Modern
13. Translations: Ancient
14. Bible Trace
15. Abbreviations
16. Acronyms
17. Derivations
18. Anagrams
19. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.