Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Date "CIRCA" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Economics | Same as "about" and "approx."; terms which when used in a letter of credit are construed to allow a difference not to exceed 10% more or 10% less than the monetary amount, or the quantity, or the unit price. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
CIRCA | English | Communication and Information Resource Centre Administrator | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: CIRCA |
| English words defined with "CIRCA": Zeno of Citium. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "CIRCA": clock rate ♦ Integrated Database Management System, Intel 80186 ♦ Justice ♦ list comprehension ♦ Telecommunications Device for the Deaf, Turbo C, TYMCOM-X ♦ UNIVAC. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "CIRCA" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Dutch (about, approximately), German (approximately), Italian (about, approximately, concerning, just about, more or less, on, or so, round, some, someplace, somewhere), Latin (about, approximately, around, circa, circadian, concerning, go about, near, on the bounds of, traverse, wander through, with), Norwegian (about), Romanian (about, approximately, roundabout, thereabouts). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | High School Circa '65 (1979) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Music |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
This shows the south entrance of the Clinical Center circa 1982 when the main entrance faced south. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. | Generic laboratory shot circa 1950 showing researchers garbed with full mask and head covering and laboratory equipment. Credit: Roy Perry (photographer). | ||
Public Health Service officer candidate examining board, circa 1912. Credit: CDC. | ![]() | SEALAB III, last of the Navy's undersea habitats, circa 1969. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). | |
![]() | Model of TEKTITE habitat, circa 1970. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). | ![]() | Figure 43. A Plessey current meter and recorder. Built by Plessey Electronics circa 1969. This instrument was conceived by the Christian Michelson Institute of Bergen, Norway, under the auspices of the undersea oceanographic committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
![]() | Figure 28. Biological sampling device of Apstein net circa 1891. The net and system of this device was designed for fresh-water lake studies. This net was derived from the studies of Victor Hensen on quantitative methods of studying the sea. It was first tested in the Stettiner Haff in 1892. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. | ![]() | Tasimeter; circa 1878; {02.200/01}. |
![]() | [Medicine - Military - Equipment and supplies] : [First aid packet, circa 1900]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ![]() | [Drug Jar: English Delftware: circa 1660. Showing obverse and reverse images]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
![]() |
| "AEM_civic" by Frank Pelligra Commentary: "Steph Papadakis in the AEM car circa 2001." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
| Easy groove tempo piece typical of Howard Jones circa 1980's. | An old recording of Hawaiian-sounding music circa 1950's or 1960's. | ||
| Full synthesized keyboard chords very typical of pop songs circa 1980's. | A rock-influenced piece very characteristic of a contemporary rock sound circa 1980's. | ||
| Minor funky groove typical of movie scores for action scenes circa 1980's. | A Brazilian-inspired rhythm section playing in a pop style circa 1980's. | ||
| Minor piece using standard harmonic cadences with synthesizer circa mid-1980's. | Very typical sequence for a resolution moment in a film circa 1990's. | ||
| Quick Latin pop excerpt typical of a Paula Abdul style circa 1980's. | Short riff very typical of a film score circa early 1990's. . | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | JUSTICE, n. A commodity which is a more or less adulterated condition the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes and personal service. K K is a consonant that we get from the Greeks, but it can be traced away back beyond them to the Cerathians, a small commercial nation inhabiting the peninsula of Smero. In their tongue it was called Klatch, which means "destroyed." The form of the letter was originally precisely that of our H, but the erudite Dr. Snedeker explains that it was altered to its present shape to commemorate the destruction of the great temple of Jarute by an earthquake, circa 730 B.C. This building was famous for the two lofty columns of its portico, one of which was broken in half by the catastrophe, the other remaining intact. As the earlier form of the letter is supposed to have been suggested by these pillars, so, it is thought by the great antiquary, its later was adopted as a simple and natural -- not to say touching -- means of keeping the calamity ever in the national memory. It is not known if the name of the letter was altered as an additional mnemonic, or if the name was always Klatch and the destruction one of nature's pums. As each theory seems probable enough, I see no objection to believing both -- and Dr. Snedeker arrayed himself on that side of the question. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "CIRCA" is generally used as an adverb (general) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "CIRCA" is used about 220 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adverb (general) | 100% | 220 | 20,356 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "CIRCA"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | rreth (around, brim, by, circle, circlet, circuit, compass, concerning, coterie, disc, district, gabion, girth, gyre, periphery, range, region, rim, ring, rondure, round, somewhere, union), afro (almost, nearly). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | около (about, around, in the region of, on, round, round about, some, somewhere about, toward). (various references) | |
Czech | přibližnì (about, approximately, or so, roughly, some). (various references) | |
Finnish | noin (about, approximately, around). (various references) | |
German | zirka (about, abroad, approximately, some). (various references) | |
Greek | γύρω (about, around, in the region of, round, surrounding), περίπου (about, approximate, approximately, in the region of, opus so, or so, pretty much, some). (various references) | |
Hungarian | körülbelül (about, approximately, around, in the neighbourhood of, in the vicinity of sg, or so, round, some, something like, towards, vicinity), cirka. (various references) | |
Italian | intorno a (about, around, round, towards). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ircacay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cerca de (about, thereabout), aproximadamente (about, approximately, nearly, so, thereabout), à volta de. (various references) | |
Romanian | cam (a little, about, approximately, around, pretty, rather, roundabout, some, somewhat, somewhere, thereabouts, to some extent), aproximativ (about, approx., approximate, approximately, approximative, at a rough estimate, general, much, near, nearly, or so, quasi, rough, roughly, round, roundabout, some, thereabouts). (various references) | |
Russian | приблизительно (about, abt about, approx approximately, approx., approximately, aprox, aproximately, at a guess, by eye, cca circa, close on, in a rough way, nearly, roughly, some, something like). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | otprilike (about, approximately, around, perchance, some, thereabouts). (various references) | |
Spanish | hacia (against, to, toward, towards, unto). (various references) | |
Swedish | cirka (about, approximately, circle). (various references) | |
Turkish | yaklaşık (about, approximate, approximative, just about, proximate, rough, some, well nigh), takriben (about, approximately, in the rough, nearly, some), dolaylarında (in the neighborhood of, in the neighbourhood of), aşağı yukarı (about, approximately, approximative, around, close on, in the neighborhood of, in the neighbourhood of, in the rough, just about, more or less, nigh, pretty much, rough, roughly, roundly, some, something like, sub-, thereabout, to and fro, tolerably). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | приблизьно. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | circa. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Mark Chapter 5, Verse 11 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Hn de ekei proV ta orh agelh coirwn megalh boskomenh |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Erat autem ibi circa montem grex porcorum magnus pascens |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þær wæs ymb þanne munt mycel swin-heord.læsiende. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And there was there aboute the hille a greet flok of swyn lesewynge. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And ther was there nye vnto ye moutayns a greate heerd of swyne fedinge |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Now there was there nigh unto the mountains a great herd of swine feeding. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Now there was there nigh to the mountains a great herd of swine feeding. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Now on the mountain side there was a great herd of pigs getting their food. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Mark Chapter 5, Verse 11 |
| Cebuano | Ug didtoy usa ka dakung panon sa mga baboy nga nanag-ungad diha sa bakilid. |
| Chinese | 在 那 裡 山 坡 上 、 有 一 大 群 豬 喫 食 。 |
| Croatian | A ondje je pod brdom paslo veliko krdo svinja. |
| Danish | Men der var der ved Bjerget en stor Hjord Svin, som græssede; |
| Dutch | En aldaar aan de bergen was een grote kudde zwijnen, weidende. |
| Finnish | Niin siellä oli lähellä vuorta suuri sikalauma laitumella. |
| French | Il y avait là, vers la montagne, un grand troupeau de pourceaux qui paissaient. |
| Gaelic | Agus bha an sin mun bheinn treud mhor mhuc ag ionaltradh. |
| German | Und es war daselbst an den Bergen eine große Herde Säue auf der Weide. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Dekat tempat itu ada banyak sekali babi yang sedang mencari makan di lereng bukit. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka adalah di sana pada bukit itu babi sekawan besar sedang mencari makan. |
| Italian | Ora c'era là, sul monte, un numeroso branco di porci al pascolo. |
| Latvian | Bet tur pie kalna ganîjâs liels cûku bars. |
| Maori | Na kei reira, kei nga maunga, tetahi kahui poaka e kai ana, tona tini. |
| Norwegian | Men det gikk en stor svinehjord og beitet der ved fjellet, |
| Portuguese | Ora, andava ali pastando no monte uma grande manada de porcos. |
| Rumanian | Acolo, lkngq munte, era o turmq mare de porci, cari pqwteau. |
| Russian | рБУМПУШ ЦЕ ФБН РТЙ ЗПТЕ ВПМШЫПЕ УФБДП УЧЙОЕК. |
| Shuar | Nuisha nainnium nuntumas Untsurí kuchi shushunmak matsamarmiayi. |
| Spanish | Allí cerca de la montaña estaba paciendo un gran hato de cerdos. |
| Swahili | Kulikuwa na kundi kubwa la nguruwe malishoni kwenye mteremko wa mlima. |
| Swedish | Nu gick där vid berget en stor svinhjord i bet. |
| Uma | Uma molaa ngkai ree, ria wori' wawu mojume hi panapa bulu'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "CIRCA": circadian. (additional references) | |
| |
"CIRCA" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Cagccat, caira, carce, Carsa, carucae, Carucci, ceca, Cerc, cerca, cerco, cic, cica, Cico, Cierach, cifra, Cimco, cinco, cincpac, cincta, cira, ciran, Circaea, circca, circe, Circeo, circu, circul, circur, ciria, cirica, cirk, cirka, Cirkit, cirra, cirrca, Ciucci, clira, Corca, corce, Corcia, crc, crecca, cria, criacao, Crisham, curco, cyrk, Czipra, Czirjak, Icaricia, icca, icdcs, Icpc, icraf, ircam, kirka, Kirkahm, Kirya, Mirca. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-i-r" | |
-2 letters: air, arc, car, ria. | |
-3 letters: ai, ar. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-i-r" | |
+1 letter: arctic, capric, ricrac. | |
+2 letters: acerbic, acronic, acrotic, acrylic, archaic, arctics, boracic, breccia, caloric, cambric, caprice, cardiac, carices, carioca, carsick, ceramic, cochair, crucial, crucian, practic, racemic, ricracs, scraich. | |
+3 letters: accredit, accruing, acentric, achromic, acicular, acrostic, acrylics, aircheck, aircoach, anarchic, apractic, ascorbic, breccial, breccias, caesuric, calcaria, calorics, cambrics, cancroid, capricci, caprices, carbamic, carbolic, carbonic, cardiacs, carditic, cariocas, carritch, caryatic, catchier, cavicorn, celeriac, ceramics, cercaria, cervical, chancier, characid, characin, chicaner, choragic, cicatrix, circular, clerical, cochairs, cocinera, coracoid, cortical, coumaric, cracking, cratonic, critical, crucians, cruciate, curacies, diarchic, draconic, dyarchic, farcical, gimcrack, isocracy, narcotic, practice, rachitic, ricercar, rickrack, scarcity, scraichs, thoracic, trictrac, trochaic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Bible Trace 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.