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BYDGOSZCZ

Specialty Definition: Bydgoszcz

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Bydgoszcz (Bromberg in German) is a city in northern Poland a population of 386,855. It is the capital of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship since 1999, previously capital of Bydgoszcz Voivodship (1947-1998) and Pomeranian Voivodship (1939-1947)

History

Bygdoszcz was founded in the tenth century.

Bygdoszcz was occupied by Nazi Germany in the very beginning of World War II and was the site of the first massacre of a civilian population during the war. The massacre, which began on September 4, 1939, launched the Nazis' campaign to eliminate the Polish Catholic intelligentsia and eventually the entire Polish people. Pretext to massacre was given by unexplained events described as Bromberg Bloody Sunday. A British witness described the beginning of the massacre as follows:

The first victims of the campaign were a number of Boy Scouts from twelve to sixteen years of age, who were set up in the marketplace against a wall and shot. No reason was given. A devoted priest who rushed to administer the Last Sacrament was shot too. He received five wounds. A Pole said afterwards that the sight of those children lying dead was the most piteous of all the horrors he saw.

Following this, the Wehrmacht troops began rounding up schoolboys in the street, who were similarly executed. The witness continues:

Thirty-four of the leading tradespeople and merchants of the town were shot, and many other leading citizens.

The troops then attacked the Jesuits, looting and ransacking the church. The priests were taken to a barn, where the local Jewish population was already imprisoned, and they were all subjected to abuse. Altogether, some 1,000 people were killed in the ensuing massacres.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bydgoszcz."

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Non-Fiction Usage: BYDGOSZCZ

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

It is estimated that the largest wholesaler group, Polska Grupa Farmaceutyczna (PGF, with branches in Lodz, Gdansk, Szczecin, Jaslo and Sosnowiec), which incorporates the firms Medicines, Carbo, Cefarm B Opole, Cefarm Bydgoszcz and Cefarm Olsztyn, has about 20-25% share of the market. (references)

Human Rights

Poland

Civil litigation against the prison administration in the 1996 case of an 18-year-old mentally retarded boy who was beaten and sodomized by fellow inmates was considered by the Bydgoszcz district court in February 2000; the case remained pending at year's end. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: BYDGOSZCZ

"BYDGOSZCZ" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 75.00% of the time. "BYDGOSZCZ" is used about 4 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (proper)75%3202,518
Noun (singular)25%1339,140
                    Total100.00%4N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Cities: BYDGOSZCZ


1. Bydgoszcz , Poland
Location: 53.16 North, 18.00 East
Population (2000 estimate): 464385
Time Zone: 1 GMT
Country: Poland

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: BYDGOSZCZ

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

atr bydgoszcz

9

bydgoszcz pks

4
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Anagrams: BYDGOSZCZ

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "b-c-d-g-o-s-y-z-z"

-5 letters: bods, body, bogs, bogy, boys, cobs, cods, cogs, cosy, coys, cozy, doby, docs, dogs, dogy, dozy, gobs, goby, gods, goys, sybo, yobs, yods.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: BYDGOSZCZ


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

42 59 44 47 4F 53 5A 43 5A

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-...    -.--.    -..    --.    ---    ...    --..    -.-.    --..

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000010 01011001 01000100 01000111 01001111 01010011 01011010 01000011 01011010

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#66 &#89 &#68 &#71 &#79 &#83 &#90 &#67 &#90

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0042 0059 0044 0047 004F 0053 005A 0043 005A

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

365938414953603760

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INDEX

1. Quotations: Non-fiction
2. Usage Frequency
3. Cities
4. Expressions: Internet 		5. Anagrams
6. Orthography
7. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.