Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
"BPP" is a common misspelling or typo for: bop. |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Bpp bits per pixel. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Math | The class of languages for which a membership computation by a probabilistic Turing machine halts in polynomial time with the right answer (accept or reject) at least 2/3 of the time. "BPP" means "Bounded error Probability in Polynomial" time. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
If a problem is in BPP, then there is an algorithm for it that is allowed to flip coins and make random decisions. It is guaranteed to run in polynomial time. On any given run of the algorithm, it has a probability of at most 1/4 of giving the wrong answer. That is true, whether the answer is YES or NO.
The choice of 1/4 in the definition is arbitrary. It can be any constant between 0 and 1/2 (exclusive) and the set BPP will be unchanged. The idea is that there is a small probability of error, but if the algorithm is run many times, the chance that the majority of the runs are wrong is exponentially small.
It is known that BPP=Co-BPP. It is an open question whether BPP is a subset of NP. It is an open question whether NP is a subset of BPP. If it is, then NP=RP. It is known that RP is a subset of BPP, and BPP is a subset of PP. It is not known whether those two are strict subsets.
The existence of certain strong Pseudorandom number generators imply that P=RP=BPP. This is now a widely believed hypothesis.
This class is defined for an ordinary Turing machine plus a source of randomness. The corresponding class for a quantum computer is BQP.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "BPP."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
BPP | English | Bradykinine potentiating peptide | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: BPP |
| Specialty definitions using "BPP": bits per pixel. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Minorities | Bhutan | There also were credible reports that militants, including BPP members, attacked and killed census officers and other officials, and engaged in bombings. (references) |
Bhutan | Characterizing the BPP as a "terrorist" movement backed by Indian sympathizers, the authorities cracked down on its activities and ordered the closure of local Nepalese schools, clinics, and development programs after several were raided or bombed by dissidents. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "BPP" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 85.71% of the time. "BPP" is used about 7 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 85.71% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 14.29% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | BPP Holdings PLC |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
bpp | 46 |
bpp cover.htm org treasury.gov.my | 11 |
bpp salam.uitm.edu.my | 10 |
bpp law school | 4 |
bpp compiler.com | 2 |
bpp publishing | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words containing the letters "b-p-p" | |
+3 letters: bopeep, bopped, bopper, buppie. | |
+4 letters: bagpipe, blipped, bopeeps, boppers, bopping, buppies. | |
+5 letters: bagpiper, bagpipes, bebopper, becapped, bepimple, blipping, blowpipe, dippable, mappable, palpable, palpably, palpebra, paperboy, rippable, tippable. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)42 50 50 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-... .--. .--. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000010 01010000 01010000 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)B P P |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0042 0050 0050 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)365050 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Non-fiction | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Names: Company Usage 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Abbreviations | 9. Acronyms 10. Anagrams 11. Orthography 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
