Attempt

Definition: Attempt

Attempt

Noun

1. Earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something: "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try".

2. The act of attacking; "attacks on women increased last year"; "they made an attempt on his life".

Verb

1. Make an effort or attempt; "He tried to shake off his fears"; "The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps"; "The police attempted to stop the thief"; "He sought to improve himself"; "She always seeks to do good in the world".

2. Enter upon an activity or enterprise.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "attempt" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Computing

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Attempt

Avoidance

Verb: abstain, refrain, spare, not attempt; not do; maintain the even tenor of one's way.

Essay

Verb: try, essay; experiment; endeavor, strive; tempt, attempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take one's chance, tempt fortune; try one's fortune, try one's luck, try one's hand; use one's endeavor; feel one's way, grope one's way, pick one's way.

Noun: essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle, venture, adventure, speculation, coup d'essai, debut; probation; (experiment).

Failure

Noun: failure; nonsuccess, nonfulfillment; dead failure, successlessness; abortion, miscarriage; brutum fulmen; labor in vain; (inutility); no go; inefficacy; inefficaciousness; Adjective: vain attempt, ineffectual attempt, abortive attempt, abortive efforts; flash in the pan, "lame and impotent conclusion"; frustration; slip 'twixt cup and lip; (disappointment).

Impossibility

Attempt impossibilities; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin a flint; make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les dents, extract sunbeams from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l'anguille au genou, be in two places at once.

Inaction

Verb: not do, not act, not attempt; be inactive; abstain from doing, do nothing, hold, spare; not stir, not move, not lift a finger, not lift a foot, not lift a peg; fold one's arms, fold one's hands; leave alone, let alone; let be, let pass, let things take their course, let it have its way, let well alone, let well enough alone; quieta non movere; stare super antiquas vias; rest and be thankful, live and let live; lie rest upon one's oars; laisser aller, faire; stand aloof; refrain; (avoid) keep oneself from doing; remit one's efforts, relax one's efforts; desist; (relinquish); stop; (cease); pause; (be quiet).

Intention

Toss up; cast lots, draw lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave to the chapter of accidents, trust to the chapter of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it, take one's chance, take a shot at it (attempt); run the risk, run the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter the risk, encounter the chance; stand the hazard of the die.

Crosswords: Attempt

Mr. Renton, I understand that you have entered into a programme of rehabilitation in an attempt to wean yourself away from heroin (Trainspotting; writing credit: John Hodge. Based on the novel by Irvine Welsh.)

Your ruse; your cunning attempt to trick me. (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith)

And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who would attempt to poison and destroy my brothers (Pulp Fiction; writing credit: Quentin Tarantino; Roger Avary)

Madame Colet, if I were your father, which fortunately I am not, and you made any attempt to handle your own business affairs, I would give you a good spanking--in a business way, of course (Trouble in Paradise; writing credit: Aladar Laszlo; Grover Jones)

So you're upset that this bizarre carpet cabal made no attempt to brainwash you. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt)

My life has been a poor attempt (Leader Of The Band; performing artist: Dan Fogelberg)

And I attempt to raise your body heat ("Rapper's Delight"; performing artist: Sugarhill Gang)

Another big news story of year concerned the ecumenical council in Rome, known as Vatican II. Among the things they did in an attempt to make the church more commercial was to introduce the vernacular into portions of the mass, to replace Latin, and to widen somewhat the range of music permissible in the liturgy, but I feel that if they really want to sell the product, in this secular age, what they ought to do is to redo some of the liturgical music in popular song forms (The Vatican Rag; performing artist: Tom Lehrer)

Don't attempt to run from the past, it is always behind you. (references; author: unknown)

On a Swedish chainsaw: "Do not attempt to stop chain with your hands or genitals. (references; author: unknown)

Children are natural mimics. They act like their parents in spite of every attempt to teach them good manners. (references; author: unknown)

Attempt to Kill (1961)

An Attempt to Smash a Bank (1909)

Dan Leno's Attempt to Master the Cycle (1900)

An Attempt to Escape (1899)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Battle at Alcatraz: A Desperate Attempt to Escape the Rock (reference)

• Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values: A New Attempt Toward the Foundation of an Ethical Personalism (reference)

• Inquiry and Change: The Troubled Attempt to Understand and Shape Society (reference)

• Keep Australia on Your Left: A True Story of an Attempt to Circumnavigate Australia by Kayak (reference)

• The Looniness of the Long Distance Runner: An Unfit Londoner's Attempt to Run the New York City Marathon from Scratch (reference)

  (more book examples)

Theater & Movies

• How to Be a Woman and Not Die in the Attempt (reference)

• Assassination Attempt Against (reference)

  (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music

• A failed attempt to alter history (reference)

• Desperate attempt (reference)

• Second Attempt....Failure (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

An adult black man is pictured here alone. He was diagnosed as having osteogenic sarcoma in his upper left arm. Surgeons performed a new procedure implanting a metal rod in place of the cancerous bone. Since muscle and tendon were saved, he is able to use his left arm. Surgeons could attempt this daring new technique since the cancer had not spread. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

W. Heston giving an intravenous injection to mice. Heston, around 1944, studied pulmonary tumors and heredity in mice with an attempt to localize tumor susceptibility to specific genes. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

Intelsat VI Capture Attempt. Credit: NASA.

Failed Attempt to Recover Liberty Bell 7. Credit: NASA.

C&GS Ship HYDROGRAPHER as seen from photogrammetric aircraft First photo mission for C&GS was an attempt to determined depths in clear water Project in Florida Keys - ship was used as fixed reference program Cooperative project with Aeroplane Service of the Navy. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

First attempt at a bathymetric map by Matthew Fontaine Maury Published in The Physical Geography of the Sea Showed vast relatively shoal area in Mid-Atlantic Gave birth to notion of "Telegraphic Plateau" Helped sell Trans-Atlantic telegraphic cable. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Volunteers rush to bring an injured bird to the boat that will transport the pelican to wildlife rehabilitators who will attempt to resuscitate the bird. Successful rehabilitation depends upon a number of factors including the length of entanglement and exposure to the elements. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Roy's Dam is in Lagunitas Creek, CA and suffered from a non-functioning fish ladder. Fish were attracted to the current and did not attempt to get up the ladder. Thus, the ladder impaired their spawning migration. This image shows the dam and ladder before restoration. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

"Representation of the Ship Esk of Whitby, Damaged by Ice and Almost Full of Water. During an attempt to invert her position and bring the keel ...." . In: "An account of the Arctic regions with a history and description of the northern whale-fishery", by W. Scoresby. 1820. Frontispiece of Vol. II. Library Call Number G742 .S42 1820 . Credit: Treasures of the Library.

The death of Pilatre de Rozier during an attempt to cross the English Channel. June 15, 1785. Rozier was the first aeronaut to lose his life as the result of an accident. In: "Histoire des Ballons et des Aeronautes Celebres," by Gaston Tissandier, 1887, p. 95. Library Call Number TL616 .T57 1887. Credit: Treasures of the Library.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

They may repulse the present attempt, but must not revenge past violences: for it is natural for us to defend life and limb, but that an inferior should punish a superior, is against nature. (Second Treatise of Government)

An attempt is being made by the Russians in Berlin to build up a quasi-Communist party in their zone of Occupied Germany by showing special favors to groups of left-wing German leaders. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

It had not been forgotten before, but it had been soon acknowledged vain to attempt to fix a day.

Sylvie accepted the correction, but did not attempt to pronounce the word, which was evidently new to her.

I could not attempt great elaboration of detail, in the working out of character within such limits

There was some shadow of an attempt of this kind in the mode of celebrating the day on which the political year of the colony commenced

Cosette had not left the Rue Plumet without an attempt at resistance

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

In general, every attempt is made to recommend "free-to-use" options. (references)

Other experiments will attempt to determine the actions and role of the protein. (references)

Regular gamma globulin may be given in an attempt to prevent or control the infection. (references)

Business

The second main objective is an attempt to make Greece a year-round destination. (references)

Wireless local loop (WLL) solutions are being sought by Gou in an attempt to development of rural areas. (references)

In March Henan police detained evangelist Xu Yongze and eight of his associates in an attempt to close down his church network. (references)

Children

Chile

Police and social workers attempt to place child prostitutes found on the streets in juvenile homes. (references)

Indonesia

Street children sell newspapers, shine shoes, help to park or watch cars, and otherwise attempt to earn money. (references)

Civil Liberties

Morocco

Any attempt to induce a Muslim to convert is illegal. (references)

Economic History

Sudan

In 1976, the Ansars mounted a bloody but unsuccessful coup attempt. (references)

Trinidad and Tobago

All 114 members of the Jamaat jailed since the coup attempt were released. (references)

Venezuela

A third attempt at the aluminum privatization in December 1998 also failed. (references)

Human Rights

Nicaragua

Zapata, in an attempt to silence the son, shot and wounded him. (references)

Central African Republic

Some of those detained following the coup attempt may be political detainees. (references)

Maldives

Judges question the concerned parties and attempt to establish the facts of a case. (references)

Indigenous People

Honduras

Failure to obtain legal redress frequently causes indigenous groups to attempt to regain land through invasions of private property, which usually provoke the authorities into retaliating forcefully. (references)

Minorities

Laos

The attack was the second attempt on the pastor's life. (references)

Ukraine

Jewish and Greek Catholic leaders intervened in an attempt to find a just and peaceful solution to the dispute. (references)

Political Economy

Comoros

The coup attempt did not appear to threaten the Fomboni Agreement. (references)

Sudan

The SPLM alleges that the four were killed in crossfire during a rescue attempt. (references)

Maldives

At President Gayoom's request, the Indian military suppressed the coup attempt within 24 hours. (references)

Political Rights

Comoros

Abeid was defeated quickly, however, and the coup attempt did not appear to threaten the Fomboni Agreement. (references)

Comoros

Between November 2 and 3, Abeid made an unsuccessful attempt to regain control of Anjouan when he launched an attack against forces loyal to the new military commission. (references)

Kuwait

Charges filed against several hundred citizens in the Government's attempt to enforce the ban on tribal primaries during the July 1999 elections never were brought to trial. (references)

Trade

Ireland

Occasionally, new importers attempt to apply domestic practices to the international market place. (references)

Eritrea

Exports of unprocessed hides and skins have been suspended since 1993 in an attempt to improve the supply to domestic tanneries. (references)

Taiwan

Opened in 1980, the Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park is Taiwan's most visible attempt to move into technology-intensive industries. (references)

Travel

Latvia

It is not uncommon for groups of juvenile pickpockets to attempt to overwhelm their victim. (references)

Spain

Thieves often attempt to distract victims by first squirting mustard on their clothing, asking for directions on the street, etc. (references)

Philippines

Office hours for business firms and the Philippine Government normally are from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. It is best to attempt to accomplish business objectives in midmorning or late afternoon. (references)

Women

Marshall Islands

Women's groups under the WUTIMI umbrella publicize women's issues and attempt to create a greater awareness of the rights of women. (references)

Yemen

Donor-funded maternal and child health programs attempt to address these issues through programs designed to train midwives who serve rural populations. (references)

Tanzania

Seminars sponsored by various governmental organizations and NGO's are held regularly in an attempt to educate the public on the dangers of FGM and other traditional practices. (references)

Worker Rights

Sweden

The purchase or attempt at purchasing sexual services is illegal. (references)

Malawi

A registered union must attempt to resolve the issue through mediation. (references)

Turkey

Women who attempt to escape their trafficking often were beaten, raped, or killed. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expressions using "attempt": assassination attempt ♦ attempt at interpretation ♦ attempt on smb.'s life ♦ attempt smb.'s life ♦ attempt the life ♦ attempt the life of smb. ♦ Attempt to commit a crime ♦ attempt to escape ♦ attempt to kill ♦ attempt to suicide ♦ attempt upon the security of the state ♦ desperate attempt ♦ first attempt ♦ haphazard attempt ♦ impossible attempt ♦ in an attempt to ♦ make an attempt ♦ make an attempt on smb.'s life ♦ make an attempt to do ♦ not attempt ♦ rescue attempt ♦ successful call attempt ♦ takeover attempt ♦ unsuccessful call attempt ♦ vain attempt. Additional references.

Beginning with "attempt": attempt-see.

Ending with "attempt": counter-attempt, re-attempt.

Afrikaans

probeer (test, try), poging (effort, test), aanpak (test, try), beproewe (afflict, grieve, test, try), beproef (afflict, grieve, test, try). (various references)

Albanian

tentoj (try), tentativë (try), sulmoj (assail, assault, attack, charge, dog, fall on, fall to, fly at, gain ground, gun for, harass, hit, hold up, jump, lace into, lash, light into, mug, oppugn, raid, waylay), përpjekje (crack, drive, effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, offer, patience, prolusion, pull, push, skirmish, stroke, try, venture, whack), përpiqem (aim, bang, endeavor, endeavour, essay, exert, exert oneself, offer, pretend, seek, strive, take trouble, try), orvatem (endeavor, endeavour, strive, try), orvajtje (effort), bëj atentat. (various references)

Arabic 

‏محاولة الإعتداء, ‏محاولة (assay, bid, effort, endeavor, endeavour, essay, fling, go, shot, trial, try, whirl), ‏مسعى (effort, endeavor, endeavour), ‏حاول الإعتداء, ‏حاول (aim, endeavor, endeavour, essay, give it a try, have a try, make a bid, make up, seek, study, try), ‏تجربة (assay, experience, experiment, go, proof, shot, test, trial, try, whirl). (various references)

Bulgarian 

опитвам (essay, experiment, partake, sample, taste, try), опит (crack, essay, experience, experiment, go, go off, shot, shy, stab, tentative, trial, try, whack, whirl), заемам се (buckle, deal, set out, start out, undertake, volunteer), залавям се за (attack, start, start in), пробвам (essay, experiment, give it a try, sample, try, try on), проба (assay, audition, experiment, hallmark, proof, sample, taste, tentative, test, trial, try, try on, try out), покушение (assault), помъчвам се. (various references)

Chinese 

企圖 , 尝试 (Essayed, Essaying, tries, try, trying). (various references)

Czech

atentát (assassinate, assassination), pokusit se (give it a try, try), pokus (bid, effort, experiment, shot, test, touch, trial, try, venture). (various references)

Danish

forsøg (effort), prøve (test, try), forsøge (test, try), bestræbe sig (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake). (various references)

Dutch

poging (effort, test), trachten (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake), streven (aim, bother, efforts, endeavour, strive for, take steps, try, undertake), pogen (aim, bother, endeavour, take steps, try, undertake), moeite doen (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake). (various references)

Esperanto

provo (test), provi (test, try), peni (aim, endeavour, try), klopodo (effort), klopodi (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake). (various references)

Faeroese

strevast (aim, bother, endeavour, strive for, try), sjabba (aim, bother, endeavour, try), roynd (experience, test), royna (aim, endeavour, go through, live to see, take steps, test, try, undertake), kýta seg (aim, bother, endeavour, try), gera sær ómak (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake), ómakur (effort). (various references)

Farsi 

مبادرت کردن به (Attack), کوشش کردن (Assay, Bend, Labor, Peg, Strive, Struggle, Try), کوشش (Assay, Bustle, Effort, Endeavor, Fist, Labor, Muss, Scramble, Strain, Stretch, Trial, Try, Tug), قصدکردن (Design, Meditate), قصد (Animus, Assumption, Design, Intent, Intention, Pretension, Purporst, Purpose, Resolution, Thought, Will), تقلاکردن (Agonize, Heave, Labor, Scramble, Slog, Struggle, Tug, Wrestle), جستجوکردن (Comb, Fish, Grub, Look, Mouse, Quest, Ransack, Scour, Search, Seek, Sick). (various references)

Finnish

koettaa (aim, bother, endeavour, sample, seek, test, try). (various references)

French

tentative, essayer, essai, effort, attentat. (various references)

German

versuch (bid, effort, essay, experiment, go, shot, stab, test, touchdown, trial, try, trying), versuchen (entice, tempt, test, to attempt, to try, try). (various references)

Greek 

προσπαθώ (endeavor, endeavour, exert, exert oneself, strive, try), απόπειρα (bid, crack, smack). (various references)

Hebrew 

להשתדל (aim, endeavor, endeavour, exert oneself, make an effort, try), לנסות (angle, endeavor, endeavour, essay, examine, experiment, have a go, test, try, try out), השתדלות (effort, endeavor, endeavour, intercession). (various references)

Hungarian

kísérlet (balked landing, essay, experiment, fling, rash act, shy, tentative, test, try). (various references)

Indonesian

anju (running start), percobaan (afflication, audittion, experiment, ordeal, specimen, trial, tryout), pencobaan (effort, temptation, testing), mencoba. (various references)

Irish

ionsaí (attack, test), iarraidh (asking, test, to ask, wanting), iarracht (test). (various references)

Italian

tentativo (bid, crack, endeavor, endeavour, essay, stab, try), provare (argue, demonstrate, essay, experience, feel, find, fit, prove, rehearse, show, taste, test, to try, to try on, try), sforzo (effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, push, strain, stress, struggle), attentato (assault, outrage). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

企て (plan, undertaking). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

ききゅう (ask for, aspiring to, balloon, demand, emergency, furlough, leave, seek), くわだて (plan, undertaking), みすい. (various references)

Korean 

시도 (Attempting, Essaying). (various references)

Malay

coba ... mencoba (test, try). (various references)

Manx

tryal (trial, trial attempt, try), goaill ayns laue (engage, treat, treat ply, undertake), goaill ass laue (presume, suppose, undertake), eabbey (postulate, try), eab (effort, essay, push, trial; try). (various references)

Norwegian

prøve (test, try), forsøke (aim, bother, endeavour, try). (various references)

Papiamen

intento (test), intentá (test, try), esfuerso (effort, test). (various references)

Pig Latin

attemptay.(various references)

Polish

zabiegi (effort), staranie (effort), starać się (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake), próbować (test, try), kłopot (effort). (various references)

Portuguese

tentativa (bid, dig, endeavor, endeavour, essay, experiment, fling, jerk, shot, shy, try), esforço (ado, campaign, doing, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, fetch, pain, painstaking, strain, straining, struggle, tax, tension, test, works). (various references)

Portuguese Brazilian

intento. (various references)

Romanian

încerca (aim, assay, bother, endeavor, endeavour, essay, experience, fit on, make, offer, sample, taste, tempt, test, try, undergo, undertake). (various references)

Russian 

пытаться попытка (endeavor, endeavour), пытаться (be sought to, endeavor, endeavour, have a go at, make a stab at, make an attempt, make attempt, offer, seek, try), покушение (impingement), покушаться (encroach, impinge, trespass on, trespass upon), попробовать (try), попытка (effort, endeavor, endeavour, essay, offer, shot, tinkering, trial, try), испробовать (try). (various references)

Scottish

tomh (aim, offer, threaten), oidhirp (effort, endeavour, undertaking), ionnsuidh (approach, assault : dh' ionnsuidh), deuchainn (proof, trial). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

pokušati (assay, essay, give it a try, have a go, tempt, try), pokušaj napada, pokušaj (assay, bid, essay, stab, try), napasti (attack, go for, invade, jump, lace, offend, savage, take apart, tilt), napad (aggression, assault, attack, bout, broadside, offence, offense, offensive, onfall, push, strike, thrust, touch). (various references)

Spanish

intentar (assay, bring, bring for, bring to, bring up, give it a try, give it a whirl, have a bash at, have a go, intent, test, try, try on), tratar de (aim, deal with, discuss, endeavor, endeavour, lecture, take steps, try, try to, undertake), intento (bash, bid, intent, intention, object, shy, thing, try, try on), carnet (book, licence, license, light, notebook, test), carné (test), probar (assay, chance, establish, evidence, experiment, give it a try, have a bash at, like, make good, prove, sample, sip, taste, tease, tempt, test, touch, try, try on, try out, vet), esforzarse por (aim, endeavour, take steps, undertake), ensayo (assay, essay, exercise, experiment, practice, rehearsal, runthrough, test, testing, touchdown, trial, try), afán (eagerness, effort, efforts, hard work, industry, tension, toil). (various references)

Sranan

tr�y (test, try), proberi (test, try). (various references)

Swedish

försök (attempts, bid, come on, effort, endeavor, endeavour, essay, experiment, experimentation, fling, go, shot, shy, stab, test, trial, try, try out, venture, whack), försöka (attempting, attemt, endeavor, endeavour, test, try, venture), attentat. (various references)

Thai

พยายาม (drive), ความพยายาม (dry run, endeavor, endeavour, push, stab). (various references)

Turkish

atilim (effort), yeltenmek (adventure), yeltenme, teşebbüs etmek (have a bash, try), teşebbüs (approach, bid, enterprise, fist, venture), kalkışmak (assay, dare, embark, engage in, essay, have a stab at, set off), kalkışma, girişimde bulunmak, girişim (approach, bid, effort, enterprise, essay, fist, go, initiative, interference, ploy, shot, show, step, trial, undertaking, venture), denemek (assay, chance, condition, essay, experience, experiment, give it a shot, give it a try, have a go, have a go at, have a shy at, have a stab at, have a try, prove, put, put to the touch, sample, take a chance, take a whack at, test, try, try on, try out). (various references)

Turkmen 

synanyюyk, synanmak (try), dyrjaюmak (try). (various references)

Ukrainian

спроба (assay, essay, go, nisus, offer, overture, shot, slap, tentative, try, whack), спокушати (allure, beguile, court, debauch, decoy, deprave, entice, inveigle, lure, offend, seduce), робити замах, намагатися (assay, essay, exert oneself, make shift, offer, seek, try), намагання (endeavor, endeavour), замах (encroachment, infringement, inroad), пробувати (assay, nibble, offer, prove, sample, sip, try). (various references)

Vietnamese 

sự xâm phạm (infringement, trespass, violation), sự phạm đến, sự cố gắng (draw, drawn, drew, effort, endeavour, smite, smitten, smote, trouble). (various references)

Welsh

antur (adventure, venture), anelu (aim, bend), ymgais (effort), cynnig (apply, assay, bid, motion, move, offer, propose), ceisio (ask, assay, buy, endeavor, fetch, get, seek, try), cais (application, try). (various references)

Zulu

-zama (test, try). (various references)

adgredi, adgrediar, adgressi, adgressuras, adgressus, adparatu, adparatum, adparatus, apparere, apparet, attemptare, ausi, conari, conata, conati, conatum, conatur, conatus, coneris, conor, experiar, experieris, experietur, experiretur, experti, expertus, inceptum, invadas, invadat, invaderent, invadet, invaserat, invaserit, invaserunt, invasisti, invasit, orsusque, pericula, periculi, periculis, periculo, periculorum, periculum, rudimentum, tendo, tentavit. (various references)

essai. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.