Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Apple |
AppleNoun1. Fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh. 2. Native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "apple" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | APPLE |
Bible | Apple (Heb. tappuah, meaning "fragrance"). Probably the apricot or quince is intended by the word, as Palestine was too hot for the growth of apples proper. It is enumerated among the most valuable trees of Palestine (Joel 1:12), and frequently referred to in Canticles, and noted for its beauty (2:3, 5; 8:5). There is nothing to show that it was the "tree of the knowledge of good and evil." Dr. Tristram has suggested that the apricot has better claims than any other fruit-tree to be the apple of Scripture. It grows to a height of 30 feet, has a roundish mass of glossy leaves, and bears an orange coloured fruit that gives out a delicious perfume. The "apple of the eye" is the Heb. _ishon_, meaning manikin, i.e., the pupil of the eye (Prov. 7:2). (Comp. the promise, Zech. 2:8; the prayer, Ps. 17:8; and its fulfilment, Deut. 32:10.) The so-called "apple of Sodom" some have supposed to be the Solanum sanctum (Heb. hedek), rendered "brier" (q.v.) in Micah 7:4, a thorny plant bearing fruit like the potato-apple. This shrub abounds in the Jordan valley. (See ENGEDI.). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Food & Agriculture | Flavour of olive oil which is reminiscent of this fruit. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The fruit of a tree of the genus Malus, rounded in form an with a crisp flesh. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Literature | Apple (Newton and the). Voltaire tells us that Mrs. Conduit, Newton's niece, told him that Newton was at Woolsthorpe, when, seeing an apple fall, he was led into a train of thought which resulted in his discovery of gravitation (1666). His mother had married a Rev. B. Smith, and in 1656 had returned to Woolsthorpe. Her granddaughter was the wife of Mr. Conduit, who succeeded Newton in the Mint. Newton was on a visit to his mother. The apple of discord. A cause of dispute; something to contend about. At the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, where all the gods and goddesses met together, Discord threw on the table a golden apple "for the most beautiful." Juno, Minerva, and Venus put in their separate claims; and not being able to settle the point, referred the question to Paris, who gave judgment in favour of Venus. This brought upon him the vengeance of Juno and Minerva, to whose spite the fall of Troy is attributed. The "apple" plays a large part in Greek story. Besides the "Apple of Discord," related above, we have the three apples thrown down by Hippomenes when he raced with Atalanta. The story says that Atalanta stopped to pick up the apples, whereby Hippomenes won the race, and according to the terms obtained her for wife. Then there are the golden apples of the Hesperides, guarded by a sleepless dragon with a hundred heads; but Hercules slew the dragon and carried some of the apples to Eurystheus. This was the twelfth and last of his "labours." Of course, the Bible story of Eve and the Apple will be familiar to every reader of this dictionary. Apples of Istakhar are "all sweetness on one side, and all bitterness on the other." Apples of Paradise, according to tradition, had a bite on one side, to commemorate the bite given by Eve. Apples of Pyban, says Sir John Mandeville, fed the pigmies with their odour only. Apples of Sodom. Thevenot says - "There are apple-trees on the sides of the Dead Sea which bear lovely fruit, but within are full of ashes." Josephus speaks of these apples. Witman says the same is asserted of the oranges there. (See Tacitus, Hist., v. 7.) "Like to the apples on the Dead Sea's shore, All ashes to the taste." Byron: Childe Harold, iii. 34. The apple of perpetual youth. This is the apple of Idun, daughter of the dwarf Svald, and wife of Bragi. It is by tasting this apple that the gods preserve their perpetual youth. (Scandinavian mythology.) The singing apple had the power of persuading any one to anything. (Chery and Fairstar: Countess D'Anois.) Prince Ahmed's apple - a cure for every disorder. This apple the prince purchased at Samarcand. (Arabian Nights, Prince Ahmed, etc.) The apple of the eye. The pupil, of which perhaps it is a corruption. If not, it is from an erroneous notion that the little black spot of the eye is a little round solid ball like an apple. Anything extremely dear or extremely sensitive. "He kept him as the apple of his eye." - Deut. xxxii. 3. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:AppleThis article is about the fruit. For other meanings of the word, especially the computer company, see Apple (disambiguation)
Blooms of an apple tree. View larger imageApples are the fruit (specifically a pome) of a tree of the genus Malus, which is a member of the Rose family (Rosaceae), and have been cultivated throughout recorded history. Most table apples are of the species M. domestica or hybrids of it.
The wild ancestor of the apple was probably a tree still found in Kazakhstan, Malus sieversii (which has no common name). Researchers are working with M. sieversii, which is resistant to many diseases and pests, in order to create a hardier domestic apple.
History
View larger imageApples have been an important food in all cooler climates. To a greater degree than other tree fruit, except possibly citrus, apples store for months while still retaining much of their nutitive value. Winter apples, picked in late fall and stored just above freezing in a cellar or "fruit room" have been an important food in Europe and the USA since the 1800s.
Apple Varieties
There are more than 7,500 known varieties of apples.
Among the most common commercial apple cultivars are the "Red Delicious", "Golden Delicious", "Winesap", "Jonathan", "McIntosh", and "Gala". The "Granny Smith" is also somewhat popular, though tarter than the others; as such, it makes a good cooking apple. It is a light speckled green and is the apple used in the picture for the Apple label which produces CDs by The Beatles. Another noted variety, at least in Britain, is the "Cox's Orange Pippin". Fuji apples, which require a warmer climate, are popular for eating in Australia.
Tastes in apples vary from one person to another and have changed over time. Modern apples are, as a rule, sweeter than older varieties. To perhaps a greater degree than other produce, varieties are chosen for appearance, ease of shipping, ease of storage, ease of production, and acceptable flavor to the average person. Many unusual and locally important varieties with their own unique flavor and appearance are out there to discover.
Tart varieties of apples are cultivated specifically for use in the production of cider.
The Excelsior Experiment Station of the University of Minnesota has, since the 1930s, introduced a steady progression of important hardy apples that are widely grown, both commercially and by backyard orchardists, throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin. Its most important introductions have included Haralson, which is the most widely cultivated apple in Minnesota, Wealthy, Honeygold, and Honeycrisp. The sweetness and texture of Honeycrisp have been so popular with consumers that Minnesota orchards have been cutting down their established, productive trees to make room for it, a heretofore unheard of practice.
Growing Apples
View larger image
Starting an Orchard
Apple orchards are established by planting two or three year old trees. These small trees are usually purchased from a nursery where they are produced by grafting or budding. First, a rootstock is produced either as a seedling or cloned using tissue culture or layering. This is allowed to grow for a year. Then, a small section of branch called a scion is obtained from a mature apple tree of the desired variety. The upper stem and branches of the rootstock are cut away and replaced with the scion. In time, the two sections grow together and produce a healthy tree.
Rootstocks affect the ultimate size of the tree. While many rootstocks are available to commercial grower, those sold to homeowners who want just a few trees are usually one of two varieities: a standard seedling rootstock that gives a full-size tree, or a semi-dwarf rootstock that produces a somewhat smaller tree. Dwarf rootstocks are generally more susceptible to damage from wind and cold. Full dwarf trees are often supported of posts or trellises and planted in high density orchards which are much simpler to culture and greatly increase productivity per unit of land.
Some trees are produced with a dwarfing "interstem" between a standard rootstock and the tree, resulting in two grafts.
After the small tree is planted in the orchard, it must grow for 3-5 years (semi-dwarf) or 4-10 years (standard trees) before it will bear sizable amounts of fruit. Good training of limbs and careful nipping of buds growing in the wrong places, are extremely important during this time, to build a good scaffold that will later support a fruit load.
Location
Apples are relatively indifferent to soil conditions and will grow in a wide range of pH values and fertility levels. They do require some protection from the wind and should not be planted in low areas that are prone to late spring frosts. Apples do require good drainage, and heavy soils or flat land should be tiled to make certain that the root systems are never in saturated soil.
Pollination
Apples are self incompatible and must be cross pollinated. Pollination management is an important component of apple culture. Before planting, it is important to arrange for pollenizers - varieties of apple or crab apple that provide plentiful, viable and compatible pollen. Orchard blocks may alternate rows of compatible varieties, or may have periodic crab apple trees, or grafted-on limbs of crab apple. Some varieties produce very little pollen, or the pollen is sterile, so these are not good pollenizers. Quality nurseries have pollenizer compatibility lists.
Growers with old orchard blocks of single varieties sometimes provide bouquets of crab apple blossoms in drums or pails in the orchard for pollenizers. Home growers with a single tree, and no other variety in the neighborhood can do the same on a smaller scale.
During the bloom each season, apple growers usually provide pollinators to carry the pollen. Honeybee hives are most commonly used, and arrangements may be made with a commercial beekeeper who supplies hives for a fee. Orchard mason bees are also used as supplemental pollinators in commercial orchards. Home growers may find these more acceptable in suburban locations because they do not sting. Some wild bees such as carpenter bees and other solitary bees may help. Bumble bee queens are sometimes present in orchards, but not usually in enough quantity to be significant pollinators.
Symptoms of inadequate pollination are small and mishapen apples, and slowness to ripen. Count the seeds to evaluate pollination. Well pollinated apples are the best quality, and will have 7 to 10 seeds. Less than 3 seeds will usually not mature and will drop from the trees in the early summer. Inadequate pollination can result from either a lack of pollinators or pollenizers, or from poor pollinating weather at bloom time. It generally require multiple bee visits to deliver sufficient grains of pollen to accomplish complete pollination.
Frost During Bloom
A common problem is a late frost that destroys the delicate outer structures of the flower. It is best to plant apples on a slope for air drainage, but not on a south facing slope (in the northern hemisphere) as this will encourage early blooming and increase susceptibilty to frost. If the frost is not too severe, the tree can be wetted with water spray before the morning sun hits the blossoms, and it may save them. Frost damage can be evaluated 24 hours after the frost. If the pistil has turned black, the blossom is ruined and will not produce fruit.
Growing apples near a body of water gives an advantage by slowing spring warm up, which retards bloom until frost is less likely. Areas of the USA, such as the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, the southern shore of Lake Ontario, and around some smaller lakes, where this cooling effect of water, combined with good, well-drained soils, has made apple growing concentrations possible in these areas.
Home growers may not have a body of water to help, but can utilize north slopes or other geographical features to retard spring bloom. Apples (or any fruit) planted on a south facing slope in the US, will bloom early and be particularly vulnerable to spring frost.
Thinning
Apples are prone to biennial bearing. If the fruit is not thinned when the tree carries a large crop, it may produce very little bloom the following year. Good thinning helps even out the cycle, so that a reasonable crop can be grown every year.
Pests
The trees are susceptible to a number of fungal and bacterial diseases and insect pests. Nearly all commercial orchards pursue an aggressive program of chemical sprays to maintain high fruit quality, tree health, and high yields. A trend in orchard management is the use of IPM or Integrated Pest Management, which reduces needless spraying when pests are not present, or more likely, are being controlled by natural controls.
Spraying for insect pests must never be done during bloom because it kills pollinators. Nor should bee-attractive plants be allowed to establish in the orchard floor if insecticides are used. Dutch white clover is a componant of many grass seed mixes, and many bees are poisoned while visiting the blossoms on the orchard floor.
Among the most serious disease problems are fireblight, a bacterial disease, and [[cedar-apple rust], apple scab, and black spot, two fungal diseases.
The plum curlico is the most serious insect pest. Others are apple maggot, and codling moth.
Apples are difficult to grow organically, though a few orchards have done so with commercial success, using disease-resistant varieties and the very best cultural controls. The latest tool in the organic repertoire is to spray a light coating of kaolin clay, which forms a physical barrier to some pests, and also helps prevent apple sun scald.
Harvest
Most mature trees typically bear 5-10 bushels of apples each year. Apples are harvested using three-point ladders that are designed to fit amongst the branches. A few varieties, left unpruned, will grow to be extremely large, causing them to bear a great deal of fruit that it is almost impossible to harvest. Dwarf trees will bear about 3-5 bushels of fruit per year.
Varieties vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.
Commerce
View larger image45 million metric tons of apples were grown worldwide in 2002, with a value of about 10 billion USD. China produced almost half of this total. The United States is the second leading producer, accounting for 10% of world production. Turkey is also a leading producer. France, Italy, South Africa and Chile are among the leading apple exporters.
Today, more than half of all the apples sold commercially in the United States are grown in Washington state. This may change. Imported apples from New Zealand and other more temperate areas are competing with domestic production and increasing each year.
Uses
Apples can be canned, juiced, and/or fermented to produce apple juice, cider, vinegar, and pectin. Distilled, apple cider produces the spirits applejack and Calvados.
Apples are an important ingredient in many winter desserts, for example apple pie, apple crumble and apple cake. They are often eaten baked or stewed, and they can also be dried and eaten or re-consitituted (soaked in water, alcohol or some other liquid) for later use. Pureed apples are generally known as apple sauce. Apples are also made into apple butter and apple jelly. They are also used cooked in meat dishes.
Cultural aspects
Apples were very important in many ancient cultures, including Norse, Roman and Greek beliefs. See Pleiades and Idun for examples.
Although the "fruit" in the religious book of Genesis is not identified, the apple is mentioned in the Bible exactly ten times: in Deuteronomy, Psalms and Proverbs (originating the phrase "apple of your eye" in English); Song of Songs, Joel and Zechariah. The assumption that the fruit that Adam and Eve ate was an apple can probably be attributed to its portrayal in artistic renderings of the fall from Eden.
In some cultures, the apple is a symbol of immortality, love or sexuality. The Greek hero Heracles had to find the Hesperides' golden apples as one of his Twelve Labors. Another Greek mythological figure, Paris, had to give a golden apple (which came from the goddess of discord, Eris) to the most beautiful goddess, indirectly causing the Trojan War, while Atalanta was distracted during a race by three golden apples thrown for that purpose by a suitor, Hippomenes. In ancient Greece, throwing an apple at a person's bed was an invitation for sexual intercourse. Celtic mythology includes a story about Conle who receives an apple which feeds him for a year but also makes him irresistibly desire fairyland. Another story claims that if an apple is peeled into one continuous ribbon and thrown behind a woman's shoulder, it will land in the shape of the future husband's initials. Danish folklore says that apples wither around adulterers.
In some places, dunking for apples is a traditional Halloween activity; this derives from Druidic divination methods. Apples are said to increase a woman's chances of conception as well as remove birthmarks when rubbed on the skin. They are commonly considered healthy, leading to the proverb an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
See also
- Nutritional information
- Fruit tree propagation
- Fruit tree pollination
- Fruit tree forms
- Pruning fruit trees
Food | List of fruits | List of vegetables Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The word apple may refer to:
- Apple (fruit)
- Apple Computer
- Apple Daily
- Apple Jeans
- Apple Records
- Big Apple
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple (disambiguation)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Apple Computer, Inc. is a Silicon Valley company based in Cupertino, California, whose main business is computer technologies. It is best known for its range of Macintosh computers, and has a reputation for innovation in the high-tech industry.
Pre-history
Before he co-founded Apple, Steve Wozniak had always been an electronics hacker, and in 1975 he started attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club. He was inspired by what was going on.At the time the only microcomputer CPUs generally available were the $179 Intel 8080, and the $170 Motorola 6800. Wozniak preferred the 6800, but both were out of his price range. So he watched, and learned, and designed computers on paper waiting for the day he could afford a CPU. This may have been the best thing to ever happen to the computer market.
When MOS Technologies released the famous 6502 in 1976 at $25, Wozniak immediately started writing a version of BASIC for the chip. After completion, he started designing a computer it would run on. The 6502 was designed by the same people who designed the 6800, as many in Silicon Valley left employers to form their own companies. Wozniak's earlier 6800 paper-computer needed only minor changes to run on the new chip.
He completed the machine and started taking it to Homebrew Computer Club meetings, where to show off the system. There he bumped into old friend Steve Jobs who had an interest in the future commercial applications of these tiny hobby machines.
Early Years
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak ("the two Steves") had been friends for some time, and Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling the machine and selling it. Jobs approached a local computer store, The Byte Shop, who said they would be interested in the machine, but only if it came fully assembled. The owner, Paul Terrell, went further, saying he would order 50 of the machines and pay $500 each on delivery.The machine had only a few notable features. One was the use of a TV as the display system, whereas many machines had no display at all. This was not like the displays of later machines however, and displayed text at a terribly slow 60cps. This machine, the Apple I also included bootstrap code on ROM, which made it easier to start up. Finally, at the insistence of Paul Terrell, Wozniak also designed a cassette interface for loading and saving programs, at the then-rapid pace of 1200bps. Although the machine was fairly simple, it was nevertheless a masterpiece of design, using far fewer parts than anything in its class, and quickly earning Wozniak a reputation as a master designer.
Joined by another friend, Ron Wayne, the three started to build the machines. Using a variety of methods, including borrowing space from friends and family, selling various prized items (like calculators and a VW bus), scrounging and some white lies, Jobs managed to secure the parts needed while Wozniak and Wayne assembled them. They were delivered in June, and as promised, they were paid on delivery. Eventually 200 of the Apple I's were built.
But Wozniak had already moved on from the Apple I. Many of the design features of the I were due to the limited amount of money they had to construct the prototype, but with the income from the sales he was able to start construction of a very much upgraded machine, the Apple II.
The main difference internally was a completely redesigned TV interface, which held the display in memory. Now not only useful for simple text display, the Apple II included graphics, and eventually, color. Jobs meanwhile pressed for a much improved case and keyboard, with the idea that the machine should be complete and ready to run out of the box. This was almost the case for the Apple I machines sold to the Byte Shop, but one still needed to plug various parts together and type in the code to run BASIC.
Building such a machine was going to cost a lot more money. Jobs started looking for cash, but Wayne was somewhat gun shy due to a failed venture four years earlier, and eventually dropped out of the company. Jobs eventually met "Mike" Markkula who co-signed a bank loan for $250,000, and the three formed Apple Computer on April 1, 1976.
With both cash and a new case design in hand, the Apple II was released in 1977 and became the computer generally credited with creating the home computer market. Millions were sold well into the 1980s. When Apple went public in 1980, they generated more money than any IPO since Ford in 1956, and instantly created more millionaires than any company in history.
A number of different models of the Apple II family were built, including the Apple IIe and IIgs, which can still be found in many schools.
The Macintosh
By the 80s Apple faced emerging competition in the personal computing business. Chief among them was IBM, the first "big name" in computing. IBM's PC model, running DOS (short for Disk Operating System, and licensed to IBM by Bill Gates) was capturing a large share of the emerging desktop computing market in large companies.
Several smaller businesses were using the Apple II, but the company felt it needed a newer, more advanced model to compete in the corporate desktop computing market. Thus, designers of the Apple III were forced to comply with Jobs' lofty and sometimes impractical goals. Among them was the omission of a cooling fan - it is reported Jobs found them "inelegant." The new machines were prone to overheating, and most early models had to be recalled. The Apple III was also expensive, and though the company introduced an updated version in 1983, it was largely a failure.
Meanwhile various groups within Apple were working on a completely new kind of personal computer, with advanced technologies such as a graphical user interface, computer mouse, object-oriented programming and networking capabilities. These people, including Jef Raskin and Bill Atkinson, agitated for Steve Jobs to put the company's focus behind such computers.
It was only when they brought him to see the work being done at Xerox PARC on the Alto in December 1979 that Jobs decided the future was in such graphics-intensive, icon-friendly computers, and supported the competing Apple Lisa and Apple Macintosh teams. Xerox granted the Apple engineers access to the PARC facilities in return for $1 million in Apple stock, over the objections of some of the PARC researchers, many of whom (such as Larry Tesler) ended up working at Apple. The Lisa debuted in January 1983 at $10,000. Once again, Apple had introduced a product that was ahead of its time, but far too expensive (the company would continue to follow this pattern for the next few years), and Apple again failed to capture the business market. The Lisa was discontinued in 1986.
The Lisa project was removed from Jobs' control midway through development. Jobs soon turned his attention to the Macintosh project, originally envisioned as a kind of "budget Lisa." The Apple Macintosh was launched in 1984 with a now famous ad based on George Orwell's novel "1984." The obvious implication was that the Mac's new, "user friendly" GUI would liberate IBM PC users. Apple also spawned the concept of Mac evangelism which was pioneered by Apple employee, and later Apple Fellow, Guy Kawasaki.
The Macintosh was, and continues to be a success for Apple, but not as big a success as it could have been. On a visit to Apple headquarters in Cupertino Jobs showed Bill Gates, now president of Microsoft, a prototype of the Mac GUI. In 1985 Microsoft launched Microsoft Windows, its own GUI for IBM PCs. By that point many companies were also making IBM PC Compatibles, cheaper copies of the PC. Apple did not allow other computer makers to clone the Mac. Although the first version of Windows was technologically inferior to the Mac, it and a PC clone could be had for less than the price of a Mac, and there was soon more software available for Windows as well.
Microsoft and Windows would go on to become one of the most phenominal business success stories of the late 20th century, and Apple would never again be the world's number one personal computer maker. By 2003 Apple's share of the personal computer market had dwindled to less than 5%.
Recent Years
A laptop version of the Macintosh, the PowerBook, was introduced in the early 1990s. Products from Apple also include operating systems such as ProDOS, Mac OS and A/UX, networking products such as AppleTalk and multimedia program QuickTime. Discontinued products include the Apple Power Mac G4 Cube and the Apple Newton handheld computer.After an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley in the 1980s, Jobs resigned from Apple and went on to found NeXT Computer, which ultimately failed, after a promising start. Later on, Apple in an effort to save the company, bought up NeXT and its UNIX based OS NeXTSTEP, and this move brought back Jobs to Apple's management. One of his first acts as new acting CEO was to instigate development of the iMac, which saved the company from going under while they had time to work on sorting out the operating system.
More recent products include the Apple AirPort which uses Wireless LAN technology to connect computers of different brands to the Internet without wires. There is also the iBook and G4 Computer. In early 2002, Apple unveiled a new one piece design of the new iMac. It has a hemispherical base and a 15" flat panel all-digital display supported by a shiny neck that also serves as the handle.
Recently, Apple has introduced Mac OS X, a new version of their operating system that finally marries the stability, reliability and security of Unix with the ease of use of the Macintosh interface in an OS targeted at professionals and consumers alike.
Apple computers such as the PowerBook, and more recently the iBook and the iMac, are frequently featured as props in films and television series. At one time, Apple ran an advertising campaign for the PowerBook featuring clips from the film Mission Impossible.
In addition to computers, Apple has also produced very popular consumer devices. In the 1990s, Apple released the Newton, a handheld electronic note-taking device. It experienced mediocre success, but was clearly many years ahead of its time. Through the 1990s, Microsoft began to gain a much larger percentage of new computer users than Apple. As a result Apple fell from controlling 20% of the total personal computer market to 5% by the end of the decade. The company was struggling financially when on August 6, 1997 Microsoft bought a $150 million non-voting share of company.
In May of 2001, after much speculation, Apple announced the opening of a line of Apple retail stores, to be located throughout the major U.S. computer buying markets. The stores were designed for two primary purposes: to stem the tide of Apple's declining share of the computer market, as well as a response to poor marketing of Apple products at third-party retail outlets. The stores feature the entire Apple product line; "solution zones" for movies, photos, music and kids; accessories, and a "Genius Bar" at which Apple product owners can discuss technical issues or bring their computers in for service. Flagship stores have been opened in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, with locations soon to come in the Ginza in Tokyo, San Francisco, and London. Apple has been awarded numerous architectural awards for its store design, particularly its SoHo location. As of November 2003, Apple has opened 70 retail stores.
In October of 2001, Apple introduced the iPod, a portable digital music player. Its signature was the incredible amount of storage space, initially 5 GB, able to hold approximately 1,000 songs. Apple has since revised its iPod line several times in the past few years with newer versions, a slimmer, more compact design, Windows compatibility, storage sizes of up to 40 GB, and the ability to easily hook it up to a car or home stereo.
Apple has revolutionized the computer and music industry by signing the five major record companies to join its new Music download service, the successful iTunes Music Store. Unlike other fee-based music services, the iTunes Music Store charges a flat $.99 per song (or $9.99 per album). Also unlike other services, users actually own the music they purchase, and can burn the songs onto a CD, share and play the songs on up to 3 computers, and of course download songs onto an iPod, all with very few restrictions.
The acclaimed iTunes Music Store was launched in 2003 with 2 million downloads in only 16 days; all of which were only purchased on Macintosh computers. Apple has released a version of iTunes for Windows, allowing Windows users the ability to access the store as well. In addition, Apple plans for a worldwide release for its music store; currently, it is only available to customers in the United States.
Hardware currently made by Apple
See also List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU
- iMac
- eMac
- Power Mac G5
- iBook G4
- PowerBook G4
- iPod
- iSight
- Xserve and Xserve RAID
- Apple Displays
- AirPort Extreme
Software currently made by Apple
- Address Book
- AppleWorks
- Backup
- Chess
- Darwin Mach-based core OS
- Developer Tools
- DVD Studio Pro
- Final Cut Express
- Final Cut Pro
- HyperCard
- iCal
- iChat
- iDVD
- iLife
- iMovie
- iPhoto
- iSync
- iTunes
- Keynote
- Preview
- QuickTime
- QuickTime Streaming Server
- Apple Remote Desktop
- Safari web browser
- Shake
- Sherlock
- Soundtrack
- TextEdit
- WebObjects
- X11
- Xcode developer tools suite
- Software made by Apple subsidiaries:
- Logic (Emagic GmbH)
- Filemaker (Filemaker, Inc (Formerly Claris))
- Software made by Apple for Microsoft Windows:
- iTunes for Windows
- QuickTime
Software formerly made by Apple
- Applelink
- CyberDog
- Dylan programming language
- eWorld
- MacDraw
- MacPaint
- MacWrite
- OpenDoc
- SimpleText
- System 7
- TeachText
Devices formerly made by Apple
- ImageWriter
- LaserWriter
- Quicktake early digital camera
- Apple Newton
- OneScanner
- Pippin games console
Documentation
- Inside Macintosh
Slogans
- "Changing the world - one desk at a time" - (mid 80s)
- "The computer for the rest of us" - (? - 1997)
- "Think different", a reaction to IBM's employee motto, "Think" - (1997 - 2002)
- "I think, therefore iMac" - (1999)
External links
- Apple Computer Official Website
- appleLore - Computer History Museum's Apple History Weblog
- AppleFritter
- Apple History.com
- Andy Molloy's Apple History Book List
- MacOSX.com
- MacRumors
- AppleInsider
- Apple I Owners Club
- AppleLinks
- As the Apple Turns
- Crazy Apple Rumors
- EveryMac
- ilMac.net
- Steven Weyhrich's History of the Apple II
- Low End Mac
- MacCentral
- Ric Ford's MacInTouch
- Mac OS X Hints
- Eric Belsley's Macintosh Resource Page
- MacNN
- MacSurfer's Headline News
- MacWeek
- MacWorld
- Jeff Keller's PowerWatch
- Steven Wozniak Homepage
- MacOS Rumors
- Mac Night Owl
- The Omnigroup's Site
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple Computer."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Apple II family was the first series of microcomputers made by Apple Computer, in the late 1970s and early-to-mid 1980s. Completely different from Apple's later Macintosh computers, the Apple II was a predominantly 8-bit architecture.
The progenitor was the Apple I, which was a hand-built machine sold to hobbyists. It was never produced in quantity, but pioneered many of the features making the Apple II a success. The first large-scale production computer was the Apple II. It became popular with home users, as well as occasionally being sold to business users, particularly after the release of the first ever spreadsheet on any computer, VisiCalc. See the computing timeline for dates of Apple II family model releases: the 1977 Apple II, and its younger siblings, the II Plus, IIe, IIc and IIGS.
History
The original Apple II
The first Apple II came with a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz, 4 KB of RAM, an audio cassette interface, and the Integer BASIC programming language built into the ROMs. The video controller displayed 24 lines by 40 columns of upper-case-only text on the screen, with NTSC composite video output for display on a monitor, or on a TV set by way of an RF modulator. Users could save and retrieve programs and data on audio cassettes; other programming languages, games, applications and other software were available on cassette too.
Later, an external 5¼" floppy disk drive, the Disk II, with controller card that plugged into one of the computer's slots, enabled much more convenient data storage and retrieval. This disk drive interface created by Steve Wozniak is still regarded as an engineering design marvel. The controller card had very little hardware support, relying on software timing loops instead to provide the necessary encoding; the controller also used a form of Group Code Recording, which was simpler and easier to implement in software than the more common MFM. That reduced the overall cost significantly, leaving the total system price low enough for home users. It also made it easy for proprietary software developers to make the media on which their applications shipped hard to copy by using tricks such as changing the low-level sector format or even stepping the drive's head between the tracks; however, other groups eventually sold software such as Copy II Plus and Locksmith that could foil such restrictions.
Wozniak's open design and the Apple's multiple expansion slots permitted a wide variety of third-party devices to expand the capabilities of the machine. Serial controllers, improved display controllers, memory boards, hard disks, and networking components were available for this system in its day. There were also emulator cards, such as the Z80 card which permitted the Apple to switch to the Z80 processor and run a multitude of programs developed under the CP/M operating system such as the dBase II database and the WordStar word processing program. There was also a third-party 6809 card with which one could run OS-9 Level One. The Mockingboard sound card greatly improved the audio capabilities of the Apple. Even so-called accelerator boards were eventually created which would double or quadruple the computer's speed.
The Family Grows
The Apple II was eventually superseded by the Apple II Plus, that included the Applesoft BASIC programming language (which added support for floating-point arithmetic but sacrificed integer performance in the process) in ROM (previously available as an upgrade) and had a total of 48 kilobytes of RAM, expandable to 64 KB through a "language card" that let users quickly switch between "INT" (Integer) and "FP" (Applesoft) dialects of BASIC (but destroying any unsaved program in the process). Addition of the language card also enabled the use of UCSD Pascal and FORTRAN 77 compilers, released for the Apple at that time.
This was followed by the Apple IIe, a cost-reduced version, that used newer chips to reduce the overall component count. It also displayed both upper and lowercase letters and had 64 KB of RAM expandable to 128 KB. The IIe could also display high resolution text (80 columns) with an add-in 80 column card. The IIe was probably the most popular Apple II and was widely considered the "workhorse" of the line.
About the same time, a computer called the Apple III was produced. This was marketed to business users and was never successful. Steve Wozniak has been quoted as saying that the Apple III had a 100% failure rate.
Apple later produced their first portable Apple II called the Apple IIc. It used the updated 65C02 processor and featured onboard controllers for common devices such as disk drives, modems, etc., that previously required adapter cards. However, due to its compact design, the Apple IIc had limited expandability. Apple later licensed accelerator technology from Zip Technologies to produce the 4 MHz Apple IIc+, which also had a built-in 3.5" floppy drive in place of the older 5.25". The Apple IIc was codenamed the "Lolly" in certain internal and prerelease documents.
Shortly after introducing the Apple IIc, Apple produced an Enhanced Apple IIe that used the 65C02 processor. A final version of the IIe known as the Platinum Apple IIe was introduced later; it added a numeric keypad and used a different color of case from earlier IIe versions.
Apple IIc
(larger version)The final member of the line was the Apple IIGS computer, released in 1986. The IIGS featured a 2.8 MHz 65C816 processor with 16-bit registers, larger address space with more memory, better color, more peripherals (switchable between IIe-style card slots and IIc-style onboard controllers), and a user interface derived from Mac OS.
Apple's Macintosh product line eclipsed Apple II sales around 1986. Apple did continue to sell and support the IIe and IIGS until 1992-1993, largely due to their use in schools.
Life After Death
Nowadays, even a PC running Microsoft Windows can emulate the important Apple II models with emulator software such as AppleWin by copying the disk through a serial line. However emulators cannot run software on copy-restricted media unless somebody "cracks," or removes the copy restrictions from, the software. Numerous disk images for Apple II software are available free over the Internet. There is a movement afoot to convince the copyright holders of classic Apple II software to officially allow unrestricted free distribution of their software.
Impact
It is difficult to estimate the gigantic impact that the Apple II family of computers has had on world business and, especially, the technology industry. The Apple II was the first computer that most people had ever seen, and it was affordable for middle-class families. Its popularity enabled the entire computer game market; the educational software market; a boom in the word processor and computer printer market; and the absolute "killer app" for business: VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. VisiCalc alone sold many Apple II's to all kinds of business people. On the other hand, the success in the home market inspired the creation of many other inexpensive home computers such as the VIC-20 (1980) and Commodore 64 (1982), which through their significantly lower price point introduced computers to several million more home users (grabbing some of Apple's market share in the process).
The success of the Apple II also goaded IBM to create the IBM PC, which was then purchased by middle managers in all lines of business in order to run spreadsheet and word processor software (which at first was ported from the Apple II versions, and later inspired whole new application software franchises). The strong popularity of these PCs and their clones then transformed business again with LAN applications such as e-mail and the later use of PCs to access the USENET and the WWW.
One valuable lesson from the first Apple II computers was the importance of an open architecture to a particular platform. The computer's slots, allowing any peripheral card to take control of the bus, enabled an independent industry of card manufacturers who together created a flood of products that let users build systems that were far more powerful and useful (at a lower cost) than could possibly have occurred if Apple had kept its system proprietary. Apple failed to create an open architecture with the initial Macintosh models, and this is widely seen as having hobbled its potential success. IBM did create its IBM PC with an open architecture, which helped its wild success, though in the end IBM was unable to control the creation of clones, and has been eclipsed by competitors such as Dell, Compaq/Hewlett-Packard, and Gateway.
See also
- Apple IIe Card
External links
- Steven Weyhrich's Apple II History
- http://dmoz.org/Computers/Systems/Apple/Apple_II/
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple II family."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In cooking, an apple pie is a fruit pie in which the principal filling ingredient is appless. The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making a double-crust pie.Aside from the obvious major ingredient, apple pies can have a great deal of variation. Some recipes incorporate spices such as cinnamon and nutmeg, they typically include sugar, and some recipes also use dried fruit (currants or sultanas). A delicious variation on the apple pie uses fresh or frozen blackberry.
The fruit for the pie can be fresh, canned, or reconstituted from dried apples. This affects the final texture, and the length of cooking time required, but it has no effect on the flavour of the pie. Dried or preserved apples was originally substituted at times when fresh fruit was unavailable.
Apple pie is traditionally associated with America, where it is a highly popular dessert, often served with a scoop of vanilla ice cream. This is known as 'apple pie a la mode'... 'As American as apple pie' is a common saying due to this association.
Pop culture references
In the movie American Pie, the pie is used as a prop gag of sorts.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple pie."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Apple Records was founded in 1968 by the musical group known as the Beatles, comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. The label became successful, surviving the legal dissolution of the Beatles in 1974, and continuing to issue new material till 1976, although the holding company, Apple Corps, Ltd., is still in existence. The label was resurrected around the time of the Anthology for use on all Beatles CDs.Earlier Beatles albums had been released on Parlophone/EMI (and Capitol Records or United Artists Records in the US.)
This venture was reportedly due to the Beatles' need to invest money as a tax shelter. The British tax laws at the time were draconian. When George Harrison sang in his song "Taxman", "It's one for you, nineteen for me," he wasn't kidding. That was the exact amount they retained after taxes -- five per cent. As George added, "Should five per cent appear too small, be thankful I don't take it all."
During the 1974 proceedings dissolving the Beatles as an entity, a court ruling decreed that eighty percent of all profits from Beatles albums (as a group) would accrue to Apple Records, and five percent would go to each of the four members.
The label consistently made a profit through 1984, then lost money for several years.
At one point, Apple Records sued Apple Computer for trademark infringement because the computer company broke their earlier agreement not to add sound to its computers. The case was settled out of court. Apple computers ever since have included a sound labelled Sosumi ("So, sue me").
The first LP release from Apple Records was the Two Virgins album by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, released on November 11, 1968 (although the parent record companies refused to be involved because John & Yoko were shown naked on the controversial sleeve - it was distributed by Track Records in the UK and Tetragrammaton in the USA). It was closely followed by the first Beatles album release, titled The Beatles but more commonly known as the White Album, released November 25, 1968.
The other Beatles albums released on the Apple label were:
The label also released singles, the most successful (non-Beatle) of which was Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days", which was released in four languages.
- Yellow Submarine
- Abbey Road
- Let It Be
- Hey Jude
- 1962-1966
- 1967-1970
View a list of Apple Records singles.
The success of Apple Records resulted in several similar names through the years, including:
- Bad Apple Records
- Big Apple Records
- Black Apple Records
- Crab Apple Records
- Mountain Apple Records
- Screaming Apple Records
Artists Recorded on Apple Records
Beatles-related artists
- Beatles
- John Lennon
- Plastic Ono Band
- Yoko Ono
- Paul McCartney
- Wings (band)
- George Harrison
- Ringo Starr
Others
See also: List of other record labels
- Ravi Shankar
- James Taylor
- Mary Hopkin
- Badfinger (originally recorded as The Iveys)
- Billy Preston
- Black Dyke Mills Band, under the name John Foster & Sons Ltd. Black Dyke Mill Band, performing "Yellow Submarine"
- Jackie Lomax
- Ronnie Spector
- Modern Jazz Quartet
- Radha Krishna Temple
- Lon and Derrek Van Eaton
- John Tavener
- Jimmie Cliff
- The Sundown Playboys
- Trash (band) (previously recorded as White Trash)
- Hot Chocolate Band
- Elephant's Memory
- Doris Troy
- Chris Hodge
- Elastic Oz Band
External Links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apple Records."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
APPLE | English | Associative programming language | Computing |
| APDA | English | Apple Programmers and Developers Association | Computer - (org., Apple) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: AppleSynonym: orchard apple tree (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Difference | Different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or the other. |
Discord | Subject of dispute, ground of quarrel, battle ground, disputed point; bone of contention, bone to pick; apple of discord, casus belli; question at issue; (subject of inquiry); vexed question, vexata quaestio, brand of discord. |
Drunkenness | Drink; alcoholic drinks; blue ruin, grog, port wine; punch, punch bowl; cup, rosy wine, flowing bowl; drop, drop too much; dram; beer; (beverage); aguardiente; apple brandy, applejack; brandy, brandy smash; chain lightning, champagne, gin, ginsling; highball, peg, rum, rye, schnapps, sherry, sling, uisquebaugh, usquebaugh, whisky, xeres. |
Favorite | Noun: favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol, jewel, spoiled child, enfant gat_; led captain; crony; fondling; apple of one's eye, man after one's own heart; persona grata. |
Food | Alligator pear, apple; apple slump; artichoke; ashcake, griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole, avocado, banana, beche de mer, barbecue, beefsteak; beet root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, bouilli, bouillon, breadfruit, chop suey; chowder, chupatty, clam, compote, damper, fish, frumenty, grapes, hasty pudding, ice cream, lettuce, mango, mangosteen, mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse steak, salmis, sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon ("Albany beef"), succotash, supawn, trepang, vanilla, waffle, walnut. |
Inexpedience | Admirable, estimable; praiseworthy; (approve); pleasing; couleur de rose, precious, of great price; costly; (dear); worth its weight in gold, worth a Jew's eye; priceless, invaluable, inestimable, precious as the apple of the eye. |
Love | In one's good graces; (friendly); dear as the apple of one's eye, nearest to one's heart. |
Motive | Inducement, consideration; attraction; loadstone; magnet, magnetism, magnetic force; allectation, allective; temptation, enticement, agacerie, allurement, witchery; bewitchment, bewitchery; charm; spell; fascination, blandishment, cajolery; seduction, seducement; honeyed words, voice of the tempter, song of the Sirens forbidden fruit, golden apple. |
Rotundity | Adjective: rotund; round; (circular); cylindric, cylindrical, cylindroid; columnar, lumbriciform; conic, conical; spherical, spheroidal; globular, globated, globous, globose; egg shaped, bell shaped, pear shaped; ovoid, oviform; gibbous; rixiform; campaniform, campanulate, campaniliform; fungiform, bead-like, moniliform, pyriform, bulbous; tres atque rotundus; round as an orange, round as an apple, round as a ball, round as a billiard ball, round as a cannon ball. |
Sweetness | Sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, manna; confection, confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve, confiture, jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum; licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube, comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose; maple sirup, maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai, sorghum, taffy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Apple |
| English words defined with "apple": Adam's apple, apple aphid, Apple blight, apple canker, Apple fly, apple fritter, apple jelly, apple of discord, apple orchard, Apple tree, apple turnover ♦ candied apple, candy apple, caramel apple, cherry apple, cooking apple, Crab apple ♦ Dead-Sea apple, dessert apple ♦ eating apple ♦ green apple aphid ♦ May apple ♦ Otaheite apple ♦ Queen apple ♦ Siberian crab apple, Sweet apple ♦ taffy apple, toffee apple ♦ Uowa crab apple ♦ western crab apple, wild apple, Wine apple, Winter apple, Wood apple, woolly apple aphid. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "apple": Apple Computer, Inc., APPLE DUMPLIN SHOP, Apple II, Apple Macintosh, Apple Newton, Apple Open Collaboration Environment, Apple talk ♦ Devil's Apple ♦ Golden Apple ♦ Singing Apple. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "apple": Underleaf. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Apple" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Spanish (apple). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | And an apple turnover (The Lost World: Jurassic Park; writing credit: David Koepp) Kids with no teeth who do nothing but play the banjo eat apple sauce through a straw pork farm animals (Hot Shots!; writing credit: Jim Abrahams; Pat Proft) You want another apple juice (Rain Man; writing credit: Ronald Bass) Never stray from the path, never eat a windfall apple and never trust a man whose eyebrows meet in the middle (The Company of Wolves; writing credit: Angela Carter; Neil Jordan) Apple polisher (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Lyrics | I'll have another piece-a apple pie, you know it don't seem right ("Ode to Billy Joe"; performing artist: Bobbie Gentry) Shoot an apple off my head (Clocks; performing artist: COLDPLAY) Still tryin' to get a peace of the apple pie (Fantastic Voyage; performing artist: Coolio) Hey, I'm taking em, apple and cinnamon (What's Your Flava?; performing artist: Craig David) They say Eve tempted Adam with an apple (Pink Cadillac; performing artist: Natalie Cole) | |
Clever | An apple a day keeps the doctor away, but an onion a day keeps everyone away. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | An Apple a Day (1970) Three Bites of the Apple (1967) Adam Lost His Apple (1966) Saturday Night in Apple Valley (1965) The Apple (1959) | |
Song Titles | Heart of the Apple Lisa (performing artist: Jordin Kare) CHERRY PINK & APPLE BLOSSOM WHITE (performing artist: Perez Prado ) One Bad Apple (performing artist: The Osmonds) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown is a single red apple. Credit: Renee Comet (photographer). |  | (5) color slides show a box of breakfast cereal with a prepared bowl of cereal next to the box. (1) Lucky Charms, (2) Low-Fat Granola, (2) Apple Jacks. Credit: Renee Comet (photographer). |
 | Pregnant woman eating strawberries, grapes, orange slices, and apple. Credit: CDC. |  | Girl eating apple. Nutrition. Credit: CDC. |
 | Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Apple trees such as this one are common in the reserve area and are reminders of the days when Prudence Island was used for tenant farming. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Farmer inspecting insect trap in apple orchard. Grand Traverse County, Michigan. Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | Farmers consult with Michigan State University Extension pest management specialist in apple orchard. Grand Traverse County, Michigan. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Dusty Phelps, Anthoney Gar, Darrell Apple and Will Thunderhorse, self help housing, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, SD. Credit: USDA. |
 | Eva Mae Mills, a crew boss at an orchard in the Oxford, Maine area, checks apple trees ready for picking. Credit: USDA. |  | Aerial view of apple and pear orchards near Yakima, Washington. Photo by Brian Prechtel. Credit: USDA ARS News. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Apple" by Shripal Daphtary Commentary: "Grannysmith." | "Moist apple" by Josh Harrison Commentary: "A nice green apple that I sprayed lightly to make it look even more appetising. I made all the background white and added a soft shadow - that looks nice." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Person chewing an apple loudly. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
J. M. Synge | In a good play every speech should be as fully flavored as a nut or apple. |
Jeremy Taylor | A celibate, like the fly in the heart of an apple, dwells in a perpetual sweetness, but sits alone, and is confined and dies in singularity. |
Martin Luther | Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree. |
Robert Browning | Where the apple reddens never pry -- lest we lose our Edens, Eve and I. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Thou wert made to receive the apple like Venus, or to eat it like Eve. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Touch them not, says Christ, for they are the apple of My eye. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | She pointed to the corner of the car where the apple box was. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | It is flavor that lets us know whether we are eating a pear or an apple. (references) | |
Try having a bland snack such as toast or crackers and apple juice before your appointment. (references) | ||
Several people became ill after drinking apple cider made from apples contaminated with crypto. (references) | ||
Business | IBM, Compaq, Dell, NCR, Unisys, DEC, Hewlett-Packard and Apple are active in the market. (references) | |
Acer, Apple Computer, Microsoft, Oracle, and SGS are some of the other major IT businesses operating in India. (references) | ||
IBM, Apple, and Compaq use broad-based Japanese distribution channels to cover all of the major market segments in Japan. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Hong Kong | Many (but not all) major newspapers and news associations established an industry watchdog, the Hong Kong Press Council, which began its work in September 2000. Some critics complained that some newspapers, including those with the most invasion of privacy complaints against them (the Oriental Daily, the Apple Daily, and the Sun), had declined to participate in the voluntary organization. (references) |
Economic History | Brazil | Brazil is becoming an important apple producer. (references) |
Guatemala | This arrangement has not affected apple imports. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RESPONSIBILITY, n. A detachable burden easily shifted to the shoulders of God, Fate, Fortune, Luck or one's neighbor. In the days of astrology it was customary to unload it upon a star. Alas, things ain't what we should see If Eve had let that apple be; And many a feller which had ought To set with monarchses of thought, Or play some rosy little game With battle-chaps on fields of fame, Is downed by his unlucky star And hollers: "Peanuts! -- here you are!" "The Sturdy Beggar" |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | The fact is, kids are not only surprisingly durable, they actually need to burn a finger on the stove or eat a bad apple now and then, so they can learn not to do it again. |
Julia Child | You want to keep the mouth open so that you can put an apple in. So I just use a ball of aluminum foil. I'm going to stick that in the mouth, and that keeps the mouth open while the pig is roasting. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Apple" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 89.10% of the time. "Apple" is used about 2,265 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 89.1% | 2,018 | 4,279 |
| Noun (proper) | 8.73% | 198 | 21,729 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.15% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Noun (common) | 0.71% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.31% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,265 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "apple" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Apple | Last name | 3,000 | 4,537 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "apple". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| En-tappuah | N/A | Biblical | Fountain of an apple |
| Tappuah | N/A | Biblical | Apple |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| New Zealand | Apple Fields Ltd. | USA | Apple Computer Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "apple": adams apple ♦ Adam's apple ♦ Alligator apple ♦ american crab apple ♦ apple aphid ♦ apple Attachment Unit Interface ♦ |
