Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Craft |
CraftNoun1. The skilled practice of a practical occupation; "he learned his trade as an apprentice". 2. A vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space. 3. People who perform a particular kind of skilled work; "he represented the craft of brewers"; "as they say in the trade". 4. Skill in an occupation or trade. 5. Shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception. Verb1. Make by hand and with much skill. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "craft" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Craft \Craft\ (kr[.a]ft), noun. [Anglo-Saxon cr[ae]ft strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Danish kraft strength, Dutch kracht, Icelandic kraptr; perhaps originally, a drawing together, stretching, from the root of English cramp.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | 1. An aircraft, or aircraft collectively.2. Any vehicle or machine designed to fly through air or space. (references) |
Building & Civil Engineering | One of or all the occupations of tradesmen/craftsmen in building. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | Any industrial, craft or artisan occupation which is officially or traditionally recognised as requiring special qualifications which can be acquired only by several years of practical and theorical instruction and of experience. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Craft (A). A trade (Anglo-Saxon, cræft). A craftsman is a mechanic. A handicraft is manual skill, i.e. mechanical skill. And leechcraft is skill in medicine. (Anglo-Saxon læce-cræft; læce, a doctor.) Craft (A). A general term for a vessel employed in loading and unloading ships. Small craft. Such vessels as schooners, sloops, cutters, and so on. A ship-builder was at one time the prince of craftsmen, and his vessels were work of craft emphatically. Craft Cunning, or skill in a bad sense. Hence Witchcraft, the art or cunning of a witch. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering dealing with aircraft and spacecraft. It is often referred to as aeronautical engineering, particularly when dealing solely with aircraft, and astronautical engineering, when dealing with spacecraft. Some of the elements of aerospace engineering are:
The basis of most of these elements lies in theoretical mathematics, such as fluid mechanics for aerodynamics or the equations of motion for flight dynamics. However, there is also a large empirical component. Historically, this empirical component was derived from testing of scale models and prototypes, either in wind tunnels or in the free atmosphere. More recently, advances in computer technology have enabled the use of computational fluid dynamics to simulate the behavior of a vehicle, reducing time and expense.
- Aerodynamics - the study of fluid flow around objects such as wings (see also lift and aeronautics)
- Propulsion - the energy to move a vehicle through the air (or in outer space) is provided by internal combustion engines, jet engines, or rockets (see also propeller and Spacecraft Propulsion)
- Control or Flight Dynamics - the study of maneuvering vehicles to achieve the desired position and attitude (that is, which way the vehicle is pointing) (see also Astrodynamics)
- Structures - design of the physical configuration of the craft to withstand the forces encountered during flight
- Aeroelasticity - the interaction of aerodynamic forces and structural flexibility, potentially causing flutter, divergence, etc
Additionally, aerospace engineering deals with the integration of all components that constitute an aerospace vehicle (subsystems including power, communications, thermal control, life support, etc.) and its life cycle (design, manufacture, testing, operation, disposal), and as such is really a special branch of systems engineering. The operational requirements of aerospace vehicles are often extreme (temperature, pressure, radiation, velocity, life time...), leading to extraordinary challenges and solutions specific to the domain of aerospace systems engineering.
See also
- List of aerospace engineers
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Aerospace engineering."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term Arts and Crafts refers to a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related to making things with your hands and your skill. These can be sub-divided (if you wish) into Handicrafts or "Traditional Crafts" (doing things the old way) and the rest. Some arts and crafts have been practised for centuries, while others are modern inventions, or popularisations of crafts which were originally practiced in a very small geographic area.The specific name Arts and Crafts Movement was also given to a design movement of the late 19th and early 20th century, whose proponents included William Morris and Edwin Lutyens. They believed that medieval craftsmen achieved a joy in the excellence of their work, which they strove to emulate.
These activities are called 'crafts' because originally many of them were professions. Adolescents were apprenticed to a master-craftsman, and they refined their skills over a period of years. By the time their training was complete, they were well-equipped to set up in trade for themselves, earning their living with the skill of their hands. The Industrial Revolution and the increasing mechanisation of production processes gradually reduced or eliminated many of the roles professional craftspeople played, and today 'crafts' are most commonly seen as a form of hobby.
Most crafts require a combination of skill and talent, but they can also be learnt on a more basic level by virtually anyone. Many Community centres and schools run evening or day classes and workshops offering to teach basic craft skills in a short period of time. Many of these crafts become extremely popular for brief periods of time (a few months, or a few years), spreading rapidly among the crafting population as everyone emulates the first examples.
Types of arts/crafts
- There are almost as many variations on the theme of 'arts and crafts' as there are crafters with time on their hands, but they can be broken down into a number of categories:
Crafts involving textiles
- Banner-making
- Canvas work
- Cross-stitch
- Crocheting
- Dress-making
- Embroidery
- Knitting
- Lace-making
- Macrame
- Millinery
- Needlepoint
- Patchwork
- Quilting
- Ribbon embroidery
- Rug-making
- Sewing
- Spinning
- Tapestry
- Tatting
- Weaving
Crafts involving wood, metal or clay
- Ceramics
- Chip carving
- Metalwork/Jewellery-making
- Sterling
- Porter Blanchard
- Arthur J. Stone
- Gold
- Marquetry
- Model-making
- Pottery
- Sculpture
- Woodworking
- Wood burning
Crafts involving paper or canvas
- Bookbinding
- Calligraphy
- Collage
- Decoupage
- Drawing
- Marbling
- Painting
- Origami
- Paper tole
- Pergamano
- Quilling
- Scrapbooking
- Stamping
- Teabag folding
Crafts involving plants
- Corn dolly making
- Pressed flower craft
- Rush seating
- Straw Marquetry
Other Crafts
- Doll making
- Dolls house contruction and furnishing
- Beadwork
- Egg decorating
- Etching
- Glassblowing
- Lapidary
- Photography
- Stained glass
- Toy making
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Arts and crafts."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
CRAFT | English | Computerized relative allocation of facilities technique | Computing, Building & Civil Engineering |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CraftSynonyms: craftiness (n), craftsmanship (n), cunning (n), foxiness (n), guile (n), slyness (n), trade (n), wiliness (n), workmanship (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Business | Vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty; industry, art; industrial arts; craft, mystery, handicraft; trade; (commerce). |
Cunning | Noun: cunning, craft; cunningness, craftiness; Adjective: subtlety, artificiality; maneuvering; Verb: temporization; circumvention. |
Ship | Noun: ship, vessel, sail; craft, bottom. |
Skill | Noun: skill, skillfulness, address; dexterity, dexterousness; adroitness, expertness; Adjective: proficiency, competence, technical competence, craft, callidity, facility, knack, trick, sleight; mastery, mastership, excellence, panurgy; ambidexterity, ambidextrousness; sleight of hand; (deception). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The Ring cannot be destroyed, Gimli, son of Gloin, by any craft that we here possess (The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring; writing credit: Frances Walsh) You were never serious about the craft! (Galaxy Quest; writing credit: David Howard) Buckaroo, The White House wants to know is everything ok with the alien space craft from Planet 10 or should we just go ahead and destroy Russia (The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension; writing credit: Earl Mac Rauch) Mr. President, a wall of unidentified craft is closing in on the fleet (Battlestar Galactica; writing credit: Glen A. Larson) What about Steve from craft services (Good Morning, Miami; writing credit: James Grissom; David Kohan) | |
Lyrics | He was the top man at his craft, (Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy; performing artist: Bette Midler) Now starts the craft of the father (This Woman's Work; performing artist: Maxwell) | |
Movie/TV Titles | A Master of Craft (1922) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Surface photographs from the Soviet Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft. The Soviet Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft were launched on 8 and 14 June 1975, respectively,to do the unprecedented: place a lander on the surface of Venus and return images.The two spacecraft successfully landed a descent craft on 16 and 23 October 1975.These images were obtained on 22 and 25 October 1975. Venera 9 landed on a slopeinclined by about 30 degrees to the horizontal whereas Venera 10 was only inclinedabout 8 degrees. The two spacecraft were separated by about 2100 km. Most of the rocks in the images are between about 0.3 and 1 meter. Credit: NASA. |  | Standing l to r - Paul C. Whitney, D. R. Jewell, C. C. Craft, J. W. Milburn, Standing (cont.) H. L. Beck, R. J. Christman Sitting l to r - A. R. Hunter, H. W. Rhodes, John F. Pratt, Alfred L. Giacomini Sitting (cont.) - G. W. McLaughlin Officers on PATTERSON. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Small commercial fishing craft tie up next to pleasure craft at Watson Island. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Two LCM's (landing craft medium) used to ferry much of the surveyors' camp to Pitt Point in the late summer. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | "Goldie" - a landing craft - used to transport men and equipment. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | A yacht basin with a municipal vessel assistance craft. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | A lift used to raise small recreational fishing craft at San Juan Bay Marina. Credit: Fisheries. |  | American soldiers disembark from a Coast Guard landing craft off Normandy under heavy Nazi machine gun fire on June 6, 1944. (P.; photo by Coast Guard Chief Photographer's Mate Robert F. Sargent).. |
 | Sharon Begay is president of Dine Be Iina, Lifeway of the People , a Navajo craft cooperative in Arizona that is reinvigorating the lives of its 300 members. Credit: USDA. |  | Leather-making is an ancient craft, but it's met up with some state-of-the-art technology. Electron beam radiation, we've found, can replace the salt solutions now used to kill bacterial growth-much to the benefit of the environment. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Harper's Ferry Craft Fair, We" by Geoff Hartman Commentary: "Harper's Ferry Craft Fair, West Virginia." | "Iron kettle" by Sachie Yamazaki Commentary: "Traditional craft , japan." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Horn; boat; harbor; yacht; baiter; baitskiff; barge; bark; bateau; canoe; catamaran; craft; dinghy; dory; dragger; highliner; hulk; ketch; launch; lifeboat; mackinaw; pointer; raft; rodney; sailboat; schooner; scow; shallop; ship; skiff; sloop; steamboat. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Jean De La BruyFre | Making a book is a craft, like making a clock; it needs more than native wit to be an author. |
Thomas Fuller | Craft must have clothes, but truth loves to go naked. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | In addition to the engines installed in the seaplanes or flying boats above mentioned, one spare engine may be provided for each engine of each of these craft. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Young Zaphod Plays It Safe | Douglas Adams | Any sophisticated knowledgable person, who had knocked about, seen a few things, would probably have remarked on how much the craft looked like a filing cabinet--a large and recently burgled filing cabinet lying on its back with its drawers in the air and flying |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He was a peasant, but he had been a notary, which added craft to his cunning, and penetration to his simplicity |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Whatever he had heard or read of the craft of jesuits he had put aside frankly as not borne out by his own experience |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Yet we should oftener look over the tafferel of our craft, like curious passengers, and not make the voyage like stupid sailors picking oakum |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Plastics have also greatly reduced the weight of pleasure craft. (references) | |
The PA is relatively a small area (less than Rhode Island) with relatively no domestic manufacturing of auto parts except for the occasional metal or similar craft shop or junkyard. (references) | ||
The Uzbekistan joint venture will need to craft a clear plan for the company's future operations and also prove its own liquidity and attractiveness to other potential foreign investors. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Mauritania | An estimated 60 percent of the country's small craft fishermen are Senegalese. (references) |
Economic History | Egypt | New procurement of Fast missile craft and diesel submarines. (references) |
Cote d'Ivoire | It has two fast-attack craft, two patrol crafts, and one light transport ship. (references) | |
Political Economy | PORTUGAL | With monetary union, Portugal no longer has the ability to craft a monetary response to the situation. (references) |
Trade | Malaysia | In December 1993 and April 1994 protective tariffs (with a planned five-year duration) were imposed on imports of plastics, resins, and craft paper. (references) |
Italy | In the Spring of 1997 the U.S. and EU concluded mutual recognition agreements in the following areas: network and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for telecommunications and information technology equipment and radio transmitters+ADs- EMC and electrical safety for electrical and electronic products+ADs- good manufacturing practices inspections for pharmaceutical products and certain medical devices+ADs- product assessment for medical devices+ADs- and safety of recreational craft. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Mali | Child labor predominates in the agricultural sector and, to a lesser degree, in craft and trade apprenticeships, and cottage industries. (references) |
Lebanon | Most of these child laborers are Lebanese, but some are Syrian; they work predominantly in the industrial, craft, and metallurgical sectors. (references) | |
Pakistan | In occupational terms, craft and related trade work accounted for approximately 19 percent of child laborers, while 71 percent worked in unskilled jobs. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | INAUSPICIOUSLY, adv. In an unpromising manner, the auspices being unfavorable. Among the Romans it was customary before undertaking any important action or enterprise to obtain from the augurs, or state prophets, some hint of its probable outcome; and one of their favorite and most trustworthy modes of divination consisted in observing the flight of birds -- the omens thence derived being called auspices. Newspaper reporters and certain miscreant lexicographers have decided that the word -- always in the plural -- shall mean "patronage" or "management"; as, "The festivities were under the auspices of the Ancient and Honorable Order of Body-Snatchers"; or, "The hilarities were auspicated by the Knights of Hunger." A Roman slave appeared one day Before the Augur. "Tell me, pray, If --" here the Augur, smiling, made A checking gesture and displayed His open palm, which plainly itched, For visibly its surface twitched. A denarius (the Latin nickel) Successfully allayed the tickle, And then the slave proceeded: "Please Inform me whether Fate decrees Success or failure in what I To-night (if it be dark) shall try. Its nature? Never mind -- I think 'Tis writ on this" -- and with a wink Which darkened half the earth, he drew Another denarius to view, Its shining face attentive scanned, Then slipped it into the good man's hand, Who with great gravity said: "Wait While I retire to question Fate." That holy person then withdrew His scared clay and, passing through The temple's rearward gate, cried "Shoo!" Waving his robe of office. Straight Each sacred peacock and its mate (Maintained for Juno's favor) fled With clamor from the trees o'erhead, Where they were perching for the night. The temple's roof received their flight, For thither they would always go, When danger threatened them below. Back to the slave the Augur went: "My son, forecasting the event By flight of birds, I must confess The auspices deny success." That slave retired, a sadder man, Abandoning his secret plan -- Which was (as well the craft seer Had from the first divined) to clear The wall and fraudulently seize On Juno's poultry in the trees. G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Once hotbeds of free speech, college campuses across the country have engaged in an arms race to see who can craft the most restrictive speech code. |
James Lipton | What I didn't know that by sticking to craft we would blow open some doors that I never saw opened before. |
John Breaux | Well, I think there's a lot of blame that can go around all over the place. I think that the tax cut we passed was not a mistake. I supported it. I helped craft it, along with Senator Max Baucus, the chairman of the Finance Committee. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Now, Senators McCain and Feingold, Representatives Shays and Meehan, have reached across party lines here to craft tough and fair reform. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Craft" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.00% of the time. "Craft" is used about 1,698 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 94% | 1,596 | 5,191 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.82% | 48 | 49,194 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.65% | 28 | 65,706 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 1.41% | 24 | 71,196 |
| Noun (common) | 0.12% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,698 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "craft" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Craft | Last name | 13,000 | 906 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "craft". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Ahiram | N/A | Biblical | Brother of craft |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "craft": assault craft ♦ building craft ♦ craft fair ♦ craft industry ♦ craft training ♦ craft union ♦ film craft ♦ hovering craft ♦ landing craft ♦ leech craft ♦ Lucy Craft Laney ♦ master of one's craft ♦ mosquito craft ♦ mother craft ♦ needle craft ♦ pleasure craft ♦ recreational craft ♦ sailing craft ♦ sea craft ♦ small craft ♦ stage craft ♦ state craft ♦ survival craft ♦ The gentle craft ♦ tracked landing craft ♦ water craft. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "craft": craft-affiliation, craft-based, craft-brother, craft-kind, craft-level, craft-maintenance, craft-masters, craft-related, craft-technician, craft-trading, craft-type, craft-work, craft-worker, craft-workers. | |
Ending with "craft": artisan-craft, Court-craft, hand-craft, Harter-craft, landing-craft, non-craft, pit-craft, pleasure-craft, sea-craft, small-craft, space-craft, stage-craft, supply-craft, water-craft, X-craft. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
craft | 11,503 | country craft | 792 |
star craft | 7,098 | craft pattern | 729 |
father day craft | 6,116 | michael craft | 683 |
kid craft | 5,746 | christmas craft | 682 |
witch craft | 4,460 | chris craft | 666 |
arts and craft | 4,136 | michaels arts and craft | 615 |
craft supply | 1,990 | star craft boat | 611 |
native american craft | 1,756 | star craft bots | 597 |
wood craft | 1,722 | star craft map | 588 |
child craft | 1,672 | witch craft spells | 582 |
star craft cd key | 1,355 | thanksgiving craft | 576 |
michaels craft | 1,212 | wedding craft | 567 |
michaels craft store | 1,197 | star craft download | 561 |
craft idea | 1,186 | arts and craft for kid | 499 |
craft project | 1,168 | craft show | 490 |
craft store | 1,106 | preschool craft | 486 |
star craft cheat | 1,098 | father day craft idea | 481 |
father day craft for kid | 959 | july 4th craft | 467 |
paper craft | 885 | free craft pattern | 451 |
art and craft | 870 | bible craft | 439 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "craft"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | zeje (handicraft, metier), zanat (art, calling, little people, making, metier, mystery, profession, trade, vocation), shoqëri zejtarësh, esnaf (craftsman, guild), avion (aircraft, airplane, machine, ship, tractor, vessel), anije (argosy, bark, keel, prow, ship, shipboard, vessel, water-craft), aftësi mashtruese. (various references) | |
Arabic | مكر (archness, artfulness, artifice, brown, craftiness, cunning, deceit, deception, double dealing, feint, fish, foxiness, furtiveness, guile, ploy, roguery, ruse, sham, slyness, trick, wiliness), مركب صغير, حرفة (calling, craftsmanship, occupation, profession, pursuit, trade, walk), طائرة (aeroplane, airplane, glider, interceptor, plane), صنعة (handicraft, metier, profession, workmanship), أعضاء نقابة, أصحاب الحرفة الواحدة, دهاء (artfulness, cunning, fineness, finesse, guile, malignity, maneuver, manoeuvre, ploy, resource, sagacity, sharpness, slyness, wit), براعة (address, artfulness, artifice, cleverness, craftiness, cunning, dexterity, facility, finesse, hand, ingeniousness, ingenuity, knack, know how, mastery, proficiency, science, skill, skillfulness, sleight of hand, tact, trick, workmanship). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | самолети, самолет (aeroplane, aircraft, airplane, bus, plane, ship), хитрина (catch, contrivance, craftiness, deceit, dodgery, expedient, fetch, foxiness, legerdemain, shift, trickery, wheeze, wile, wiliness), кораби (shipping), кораб (boat, keel, ship, vessel), гилда (brotherhood, guild, mystery), занаят (handicraft, job, mystery, occupation, profession, skill, trade, vocation), еснаф (mystery, philistine), лукавство (archness, craftiness, foxiness, furtiveness, guile, subtlety, wiliness), професия (business, career, metier, occupation, path, profession, shop, station, trade), плавателни съдове, плавателен съд (boat, vessel). (various references) | |
Chinese | 航 (boat, ship, to navigate, to sail, vessel), 狡詐 (cunning, deceitful), 探測器 (detector, probe), 手藝 (workmanship), 伎 , 倆 (both, cunning, two), 工艺, 工 (labor, profession, skill, trade, work, worker). (various references) | |
Czech | chytrost (brightness, cleverness, cunning, policy, shrewdness), vychytralost (deviousness), umìní (art, artistry, science), plavidlo (ketch, vessel), mistrovství (championship, masterliness, mastership, mastery), lstivost (artfulness, craftiness, guile, slyness, subtlety, wiliness), loï (boat, lugger, sailer, salt pan, ship, vessel), letoun (aeroplane, airplane), dovednost (accomplishment, art, cunning, facility, finesse, knack, proficiency, science, skill), řemeslo (handicraft, shop, trade). (various references) | |
Danish | håndværk (trade), fag (branch, compartment, department, pigeonhole, section, speciality), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology (European Cooperative Research Action for Technology), byggefag (building craft, building trade, trade). (various references) | |
Dutch | vak (branch, compartment, department, handicraft, occupation, pigeonhole, section, speciality, square, trade), gespecialiseerd vakgebied (building craft, building trade, trade), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology (European Cooperative Research Action for Technology), boosaardigheid (craftiness, cunning, guile), arglist (craftiness, cunning, guile, snare), ambacht (handicraft, occupation, trade). (various references) | |
Esperanto | malico (craftiness, cunning, guile). (various references) | |
Faeroese | óndskapur (craftiness, cunning, guile). (various references) | |
Farsi | پیشه (Function, Mystery, Occupation, Profession, Pursuit, Trade, Vocation), مهارت (Address, Artifice, Gripe, Ingenuity, Knack, Proficiency, Skill, Sophistication, Tact, Versatility, Workmanship), هنر (Accomplishment, Art, Artifice, Mystery), نیرنگ (Art, Artifice, Deception, Trap, Trick, Trickery, Witchcraft), صنعت (Art, Industry, Mystery). (various references) | |
Finnish | pursi (bark, barque, boat, shallop, ship's boat, sloop, vessel, yacht), juonikkuus (guile), ammattikunta (guild, trade), ammattikoulutus (guild, trade), ammatti (business, occupation, profession, trade), alus (vessel). (various references) | |
French | corps de métier (building craft), corps d'état (building craft), travail qualifié, ruse (craftiness), profession (craftsmanship), petit bateau, métier qualifié, métier (craftsmanship), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology, engin, embarcation, avion, astuce (craftiness), artisanat, art. (various references) | |
Frisian | mûklist (craftiness, cunning, guile, snare). (various references) | |
German | Handwerk (business, handicraft, handiwork, handwork, occupation, trade), Fahrzeug (car, vehicle, vessel, wheeler). (various references) | |
Greek | σκάφοσ (hulk, skiff, vessel), σκάφος (vessel), πλεούμενο, πλοίο (boat, corvette, ship, vessel, water-craft), πανουργία (archness, artfulness, craftiness, cunning, cunningness, guile, ruse, shrewdness, slyness, trickishness, wile, wiliness), πονηριά (cunning, guile, malice, slyness), χειροτεχνία (handicraft), ειδικευμένη εργασία (trade), τέχνη (art, artfulness, metier, skill, trade, workmanship), δεξιότησ (adeptness, clumsiness, knack, masterliness, slickness), δεξιότητα (adeptness, aptitude, knack, masterliness, slickness), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology (European Cooperative Research Action for Technology). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מלאכה (business, craftsmanship, employment, labour, metier, occupation, skill, task, work), אמנות (art, artistry, handicraft, skill), אומנות (art, craftsmanship), חרושת (industry, manufacture), אניה (boat, keel, liner, ship, vessel), כלי שיט (sea craft, vessel). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szakma (avocation, barrel, branch of business, line, line of business, métier, profession, province, trade), hajó (argosy, boat, burden of a ship, composite ship, dingy, keel, man, men, pram, prow, ship, ship not under command, stem, surface ship, vessel, water house). (various references) | |
Indonesian | keahlian (adeptness, competence, expertise, know how, proficiency). (various references) | |
Italian | corporazione (body, corporation, guild), categoria (category, class, grade, kind, rating), nave (boat, freighter, ship, vessel), natante (boat, natant), mestiere (experience, handicraft, job, metier, occupation, profession, trade), maestranza specializzata (building craft, building trade, trade), lavoro qualificato (trade), inganno (catch, cheat, deceit, deception, dupery, flam, gammon, guile, hoax, humbug, imposition, imposture, swindle, swindling, trick, trickery, wile), imbarcazione (boat, embarkation, ship), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology (European Cooperative Research Action for Technology), barca (boat), arte (art, fine arts, handwork, occupation, skill, trade), abilità (ability, accomplishment, adeptness, adroitness, artifice, capability, capacity, cleverness, cunning, expertise, expertness, ingenuity, knack, know how, mastership, mastery, proficiency, prowess, skilfulness, skill, skillfulness, sleight). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 狡知 (cunning), 狡智 (cunning), 同業組合 (guild, trade association), 技工 (craftsman), 手技 , 悪知恵 (cunning, guile, serpentine wisdom), 奸知 (cunning, wiles), クラスター分析 (class library, class magazine, class media, classmate, cluster analysis, clustering, clutch, clutch bag, clutch hitter, clutch pedal, crack, cracker, cracking, craft design, craftsman, crash, crusher, crust). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぎこう (craftsman, finesse, technique), しゅぎ (doctrine, principle, rule), どうぎょうくみあい (guild, trade association), かんち (business, cold region, complete recovery, concern, craftiness, cunning, direct administration by the government, fallow ground, life of leisurely retirement, perception, quiet place, sinecure, undemanding job, vacant land, wiles), こうち (arable land, arrest, back-end, cleverness, confinement, cunning, detailed, detention, elaborate, exquisite, heights, high ground, plateau, skill, slow and elaborate, well-known), わるぢえ (cunning, guile, serpentine wisdom), わるじえ (cunning, guile, serpentine wisdom), クラフト . (various references) | |
Korean | 기술 (Describing, Descriptive, tec, tech, Technic, technical, technique, technology). (various references) | |
Manx | cluge (catch, dodge, intrigue, scheming), kialg (calculation, craft slyness, craftiness, deceit, duplicity, fiddle, fizz, guile, insidiousness, perfidiousness, sedition, subtlety, swindle, swizzle, treachery), keird [f] (avocation, business, employment, finish, line, occupation, profession, professional skill, pursuit, trade, vocation), keird (avocation, business, employment, finish, line, occupation, profession, professional skill, pursuit, trade, vocation). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aftcray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | capacidade (ability, aptitude, aptness, art, attainment, bulk, capacity, competency, content, contents, coryphaeus, cunning, efficiency, energy, faculty, fitness, genius, head, know-how, load, measure, part, power, proficiency, reach, room, size, tankage), trabalho qualificado (trade), relativo à capacidade, profissão (calling, career, fraternity, handicraft, metier, occupation, profession, pursuit, work), ofício (calling, function, handicraft, job, metier, occupation, ploy, post, profession, trade), habilidade (ability, accomplishments, acquaintance, acquirement, address, adroitness, art, asset, cleverness, come-off, competence, competency, craftsmanship, cunning, dexterity, diplomacy, dodge, dodgery, facility, genius, gimmick, hand, ingenuity, knack, know-how, neatness, put-off, savvy, science, shift, skill, tact, trick), European Cooperative Research Action for Technology (European Cooperative Research Action for Technology), esperteza (ability, artfulness, artifice, brightness, canniness, policy, quicksilver, slyness, smartness, snap), especialidades da construção (building craft, building trade, trade), astúcia (art, artfulness, astuteness, craftiness, cunning, dodge, double, invention, ruse, slyness, stratagem, trick, trickery, tweak, wile). (various references) | |
Romanian | viclenie (archness, artfulness, astuteness, catch, contrivance, cunning, devilry, finesse, fraud, guile, ruse, shift, subtlety, vicleim, wile), meserie (art, calling, handicraft, job, mystery, occupation, trade), meşteşug (art, artifice, craftsmanship, cunning, handicraft, mystery, skill, talent, trade, workmanship), mãiestrie (artistry, craftsmanship, masterliness, mastery, workmanship), breaslã (brotherhood, commonalty, corporation, guild, mystery, trade), şmecherie (art, artfulness, artifice, chouse, contrivance, cunning, depth, do, dodge, fetch, fiddle, sell, slyness, swindle, trickery), şiretenie (artfulness, artifice, craftiness, cunning, finesse, guile, pawkiness, slyness), ambarcaţiune (boat), abilitate (ability, address, adroitness, aptness, art, cleverness, competence, cunning, deftness, finesse, genius, knack, resourcefulness, skill, talent), îndemânare (ability, address, adroitness, art, deftness, dexterity, dexterousness, hand, handiness, skill, sleight, sportsmanship, workmanship). (various references) | |
Russian | судно (banker, bedpan, hovercraft, night-chair, night-stool, ship, ship in commission, ship in distress, vessel, water craft, water-craft), ремесло;судно, ремесло (handicraft, metier), хитрость (archness, artfulness, catch, circumvention, craftiness, double, fetch, finesse, guile, management, slyness, stealth, stratagem, subtlety, trick, trickery, trickiness, wile, wiliness), ловкость (address, adroitness, agility, artfulness, cleverness, deftness, dexterity, finesse, hand, knack, light hand, shiftiness, sleight, smartness). (various references) | |
Scottish | gabhd (a craft trick). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zanat (metier, occupation, trade, vocation), veština (ability, art, attainment, cleverness, cunning, excellence, facility, knack, know how, masterliness, skill, subtlety, technique, wizardry, workmanship), plovni objekat. (various references) | |
Spanish | astucia (archness, ar |
