Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Beam |
BeamNoun1. A signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides pilots in darkness or bad weather. 2. Long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction. 3. A column of light (as from a beacon). 4. A group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation. 5. Breadth amidships. 6. A gymnastic apparatus used by women gymnasts. Verb1. Smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression. 2. Emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light; "The sun shone bright that day"; "The fire beamed on their faces ". 3. Express with a beaming face or smile: "he beamed his approval". 4. Broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot air this X-rated song". 5. Esp. of the complexion: show a strong bright color, such as red or pink; "Her face glowed when she came out of the sauna". 6. Experience a feeling of well-being or happiness, as from good health or an intense emotion; "She was beaming with joy"; "Her face radiated with happiness". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "beam" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Beam vt. [from Star Trek Classic's "Beam me up, Scotty!"] 1. To transfer softcopy of a file electronically; most often in combining forms such as `beam me a copy' or `beam that over to his site'. 2. Palm Pilot users very commonly use this term for the act of exchanging bits via the infrared links on their machines (this term seems to have originated with the ill-fated Newton Message Pad). Compare blast, snarf, BLT. Source: Jargon File. |
Industry | Part of a loom. Source: European Union. (references) |
Aerospace | 1. A ray or collection of focused rays of radiated energy. See beam width, radiation pattern. 2. A beam (sense 1) of radio waves used as a navigation aid. 3. =electron beam.4. A body, one of whose dimensions is large compared with the others, whose function is to carry lateral loads (perpendicular to the long dimension) and bending movements. (references) |
Bible | Beam occurs in the Authorized Version as the rendering of various Hebrew words. In 1 Sam. 17:7, it means a weaver's frame or principal beam; in Hab. 2:11, a crossbeam or girder; 2 Kings 6:2, 5, a cross-piece or rafter of a house; 1 Kings 7:6, an architectural ornament as a projecting step or moulding; Ezek. 41:25, a thick plank. In the New Testament the word occurs only in Matt. 7:3, 4, 5, and Luke 6:41, 42, where it means (Gr. dokos) a large piece of wood used for building purposes, as contrasted with "mote" (Gr. karphos), a small piece or mere splinter. "Mote" and "beam" became proverbial for little and great faults. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Building | One of the principal horizontal wood or steel members of a building. (references) |
Building & Civil Engineering | A length of timber of large cross section(e. g. 8x8 in), generally spanning horizontally between supports(e. g. walls, columns), so as to carry a heavy transverse load. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | A directional antenna. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | In a plough, that part of the frame to which the body and coulter are attached, directly or via a leg(standard or shank)and frog, and to which power is applied from a tractor, etc. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Beam Thrown on my beam-ends. Driven to my last shift. A ship is said to be on her beam-ends when she is laid by a heavy gale completely on her beams or sides. Not unfrequently the only means of righting her in such a case is to cut away her masts. On the starboard beam. A distant point out at sea on the right-hand side, and at right angles to the keel. On the port beam. A similar point on the left-hand side. On the weather beam. On that side of a ship which faces the wind. Beam (of a stag). That part of the head from which the horns spring. (Anglo-Saxon béam, a tree; the horns are called branches.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Multilingual Slang | Spanish (tranca ). (references) |
Physics | The radiation within a lobe of a directional system or the region of space illuminated by this radiation ; a concentrated unidirectional flow of electromagnetic waves, as from a radar aerial, a microwave relay aerial, or an A-N radio range aerial array. The beam here is a major lobe of the aerial radiation pattern and is restricted to a small solid angle in space. Source: European Union. (references) |
Post & Telecom | Beam of radio waves used as a navigation aid. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | The solid or trussed main structural side members of a ladder supporting the rungs or rung blocks. Also called: spar. Source: European Union. (references) |
Shipping | The width of a ship. (references) |
Slang | Verb. Source: From one of the Trekkies. probably comes from beam of light. Definition: Transport character from one spot to another. Context: (In movie)Chekov needed to go on board naval vessel. Social Source: Trekkies. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Sports & Leisure | The greatest width of a vessel. Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | A wing spar, sometimes called a wing beam, is a principal spanwise members of the wing structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A beam of light is a light ray. A beam is a construction element in buildings. Primarily constructed of steel, it serves as a support element for transferring vertical, most often gravitational, forces to walls or pillars which in turn transfers the force downwards. Many types of beams exist, and a common way to distinguish between types are by profile, the shape of a cross section of the beam. One of the most common type of beam is the I-beam, commonly used for support in steel frame buildings such as houses and bridges.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Beam."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
BEAM | English | Building Equipment Accessories and Materials | Building & Civil Engineering |
| BEAR | English | Beam Experiment Aboard a Rocket | Military & Defense, Engineering & Technology |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: BeamSynonyms: balance beam (n), beam of light (n), electron beam (n), light beam (n), radio beam (n), ray (n), ray of light (n), shaft (n), shaft of light (n), air (v), broadcast (v), glow (v), radiate (v), send (v), shine (v), transmit (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Beauty | Verb: be beautiful; Adjective: shine, beam, bloom; become one; (accord); set off, grace. |
Failure | Frustrated, crossed, unhinged, disconcerted dashed; thrown off one's balance, thrown on one's back, thrown on one's beam ends; unhorsed, in a sorry plight; hard hit. |
Gravity | Balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale. |
Hope | Beam of hope, ray of hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash of hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue sky, silver lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in Gilead; light at the end of the tunnel. |
Horizontality | Adverb: horizontally; Adjective: on one's back, on all fours, on its beam ends. |
Impotence | Paralytic, paralyzed; palsied, imbecile; nerveless, sinewless, marrowless, pithless, lustless; emasculate, disjointed; out of joint, out of gear; unnerved, unhinged; water-logged, on one's beam ends, rudderless; laid on one's back; done up, dead beat, exhausted, demoralized; graveled; (in difficulty); helpless, unfriended, fatherless; without a leg to stand on, hors de combat, laid on the shelf. |
Inequality | Verb: be unequal; Adjective: countervail; have the advantage, give the advantage; turn the scale; kick the beam; topple,topple over; overmatch; not come up to. |
Laterality | Noun: laterality; side, flank, quarter, lee; hand; cheek, jowl, jole, wing; profile; temple, parietes, loin, haunch, hip; beam. |
Adverb: sideways, sidelong; broadside on; on one side, abreast, alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by side; cheek by jowl; (near); to windward, to leeward; laterally; Adjective: right and left; on her beam ends. | |
Superiority | Verb: be superior; Adjective: exceed, excel, transcend; outdo, outbalance, outweigh, outrank, outrival, out-Herod; pass, surpass, get ahead of; over-top, override, overpass, overbalance, overweigh, overmatch; top, o'ertop, cap, beat, cut out; beat hollow; outstrip; eclipse, throw into the shade, take the shine out of, outshine, put one's nose out of joint; have the upper hand, have the whip hand of, have the advantage; turn the scale, kick the beam; play first fiddle; (importance); preponderate, predominate, prevail; precede, take precedence, come first; come to a head, culminate; beat; all others, bear the palm; break the record; take the cake. |
Support | Frame, framework; scaffold, skeleton, beam, rafter, girder, lintel, joist, travis, trave, corner stone, summer, transom; rung, round, step, sill; angle rafter, hip rafter; cantilever, modillion; crown post, king post; vertebra. |
Wonder | Surprise, astonish, amaze, astound; dumfound, dumfounder; startle, dazzle; daze; strike, strike with wonder, strike with awe; electrify; stun, stupefy, petrify, confound, bewilder, flabbergast, stagger, throw on one's beam ends, fascinate, turn the head, take away one's breath, strike dumb; make one's hair stand on end, make one's tongue cleave to the roof of one's mouth; make one stare. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Well, can't he just beam up (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; writing credit: Ethan Coen) Our early attempts for a tractor beam went through several preparations (Austin Powers in Goldmember; writing credit: Mike Myers) You mean you got the Galactic Trig to set up an 800 light year transporter beam just because you changed your mind (The Tomorrow People; writing credit: Brian Finch) Now if you'll excuse me, I have a beam of light to catch (K-PAX; writing credit: Charles Leavitt) Does Spock beam up (Moonlighting; writing credit: Eric Blakeney) | |
Lyrics | A fifth of Jim Beam on the floor (Birmingham; performing artist: Amanda Marshall) Please turn on your magic beam ("Mr. Sandman"; performing artist: The Chordettes) So please turn on your magic beam ("Mr. Sandman"; performing artist: The Chordettes) A beam of light will fill your head (Melancholy Man; performing artist: The Moody Blues) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Canada: Beam Therapy (1963) Scotty! Beam me up (1996) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | One of the many uses for the laser in medical research is as a light source to detect premalignant and malignant cells in a Pap smear. Shown here are gynecologic cells passing in a stream through the laser beam where each cell is analyzed. Abnormal-appearing cells can be sorted from the rest of the cells and later examined by a pathologist for evidence of cancer. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Shown is an illustration of a type of treatment for cancer. 1) Boron compound (b) is selectively absorbed by cancer cell(s). 2) Boron beam (n) is aimed at cancer site. 3) Boron absorbs neutron. 4) Boron disintegrates emitting cancer-killing radiation. See artwork: GR-13. Credit: Pat Kenny (artist). |
 | Construction on Building 17, CDC. Construction worker on beam. March 1999. Credit: CDC. |  | Ion Beam. Credit: NASA. |
 | Shuttle Test Using Electron Beam. Credit: NASA. |  | Charles Kearse Pondering the orientation problems of a multi-beam sounding system During acceptance trials of Sea Beam system. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Laser beam from Geodimeter Transcontinental traverse party of Woodrow Johnson. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The beam trawl ready for lowering on the FISH HAWK. In: "Report on the Construction and Work in 1880 of United States Fish Commission Steamer FISH-HAWK", by Lieutenant Zera Luther Tanner, U. S. N. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part IX. Report of the Commissioner for 1881. Plate IX, p. 53. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | "Sweat equty" workers put a support beam into place at one of the self help homes under construction in Indianola, MS. Completed homes are in the background. Credit: USDA. |  | Leather-making is an ancient craft, but it's met up with some state-of-the-art technology. Electron beam radiation, we've found, can replace the salt solutions now used to kill bacterial growth-much to the benefit of the environment. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Beverly Hills Bank" by Chuck Reynolds Commentary: "Bank located in Beverly Hills, California with steel beam exposure." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Alarm; alert; balefire; beam; bonfire; flare; guidepost; heliograph; lamp; lantern; lighthouse; lodestar; pharos; radar; rocket; rocket; sign; signal fire; smoke signal; beacon; warning signal; watchtower. | | Volt; voltage; electricity; spark; atom; beam; fire; flare; flicker; gleam; glint; glitter; glow; hint; jot; nucleus; ray; scintilla; scintillation; scrap; sparkle; spit; trace; vestige; dangerous; glitter; glint; sparkle; sparkling. |
| Weapon; science fiction; laser beam; phaser; stun gun. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | When a beam of sunshine enlivened the court, when a glass of wine enlivened the porter, it was difficult to pass by No. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The beam of light was closer now, and it bounced into the sky and then disappeared, and then bounced up again |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The treatment involves aiming a high energy beam of light directly onto the leaking blood vessels. (references) | |
During the surgery, your doctor will aim a high-energy beam of light directly onto the damaged blood vessels. (references) | ||
In a technique called YAG laser capsulotomy, your doctor uses a laser beam to make a tiny hole in the lens to let light pass through. (references) | ||
Business | Irradiation using a source of Gamma radiation has been used as a treatment process for many years, and a newer form of irradiation employing an electron beam has the potential to treat clinical waste. (references) | |
Xenon lights are starting to be applied to cars. Bosch's Bi-Litronic product is a single light covering the function of both upper and lower beam. Hella is working on a new lighting system, available by 2003 and able to recognize different driving situations, distributing light automatically. (references) | ||
Demand for computer peripherals, such as high-capacity hard disk drives (HDDs), CD-ROMs, and high-speed laser beam printers (LBPs) is also increasing due in part to the proliferation of high capacity engineering workstations (EWS) and Pentium PCs. The trend toward networking and decentralization among advanced private sector computer users will also spark significant demand for peripherals used for a wide range of applications. (references) | ||
Economic History | Chile | Other security equipment that continues to be in demand includes access control, burglar and fire alarms and detectors, CCTV, outdoors photoelectric beam detectors for perimeter protection, and fire-fighting equipment. (references) |
Trade | Eritrea | The list includes raw hides and skins, pulses, salt, oil seeds, clay bricks and beam tiles, steel sheets, cement, steel wires and nails, safety box matches, and weights and measures. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Beam" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.40% of the time. "Beam" is used about 1,029 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.4% | 961 | 7,574 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 3.4% | 35 | 58,339 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.65% | 17 | 85,106 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.55% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,029 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "beam" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Beam | Last name | 6,000 | 2,070 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| Belgium | Ion Beam Applications SA |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "beam": Abaft the beam ♦ angle beam ♦ arched beam ♦ back beam ♦ balance beam ♦ be off the beam ♦ be on beam ♦ beam aerial ♦ beam antenna ♦ beam area ♦ beam at ♦ beam balance ♦ beam bend ♦ Beam center ♦ beam compass ♦ beam dam ♦ beam definition ♦ Beam engine ♦ beam feather ♦ beam head ♦ beam hole ♦ beam of delight ♦ beam of electrons ♦ beam of light ♦ beam on smb. ♦ beam rider ♦ beam rider guidance ♦ beam riding guidance ♦ beam scale ♦ beam scales ♦ beam search ♦ beam softening ♦ beam splitter ♦ beam spread ♦ beam spread angle ♦ beam transmission ♦ beam transmitter ♦ beam trawler ♦ Beam tree ♦ beam upon smb. ♦ beam with happiness ♦ Before the beam ♦ binding beam ♦ bolster beam ♦ Box beam ♦ Brake beam ♦ breast beam ♦ broad in the beam ♦ caesium beam tube ♦ Camber beam ♦ cantilever beam ♦ castellated beam ♦ collar beam ♦ colliding beam accelerator ♦ converged beam ♦ country beam ♦ cross beam ♦ crown of beam ♦ directed beam display device ♦ electromagnetic beam ♦ electron beam ♦ electron beam d.c.resistance ♦ electronic beam ♦ Fish beam ♦ floor beam ♦ fly the beam ♦ Footing beam ♦ footprint of a beam ♦ fore beam ♦ Fork beam ♦ front beam ♦ Gaussian beam ♦ guide beam ♦ high beam ♦ ILS beam capture ♦ in the beam ♦ inoic beam ♦ ion beam ♦ kick the beam ♦ laser beam ♦ lifting beam ♦ light beam ♦ lighthouse beam ♦ loom beam ♦ low beam ♦ Main beam ♦ main gear beam ♦ maximum beam ♦ midship beam ♦ minor beam ♦ multiple beam aerial ♦ multiple beam antenna ♦ narrow beam ♦ navigational beam ♦ needle beam ♦ off the beam ♦ on her beam ends ♦ on its beam ends ♦ on the beam ♦ on the lee beam ♦ on the port beam. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "beam": beam-current, beam-'em-ups, beam-end, beam-ends, beam-engine, beam-line, beam-lines, beam-on, beam-slots, beam-width, beam-wireless. | |
Ending with "beam": double-beam, off-beam, white-beam. | |
Containing "beam": colliding-beam accelerator, colliding-beam machine, external-beam radiation, low-beam headlight, sealed-beam headlights, spot-beam antenna. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
beam | 332 | laminated beam | 41 |
jim beam | 326 | electron beam tomography | 39 |
post and beam home | 212 | beam clamp | 39 |
post and beam | 185 | beam bridge | 39 |
laser beam welding | 171 | high beam | 37 |
steel beam | 98 | lifting beam | 35 |
i beam | 92 | beam robot | 33 |
post and beam construction | 87 | post and beam barn | 32 |
jim beam bottle | 81 | jim beam collectible | 29 |
i beam steel | 74 | electron beam | 29 |
balance beam | 69 | triple beam balance | 28 |
jim beam decanters | 67 | beam robotics | 26 |
beam vacuum | 65 | post and beam house plan | 26 |
laser beam | 62 | e beam | 24 |
electron beam welding | 61 | beam the light | 24 |
wood beam | 57 | pier beam foundation | 24 |
drake beam morin | 48 | beam drill line | 23 |
ceiling beam | 44 | sun beam | 22 |
beam central vacuum | 43 | aluminum beam i | 22 |
post and beam house | 42 | beam lvl | 21 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "beam"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | radio (radio, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Albanian | buzagaz, binar (batten, crossbeam, Fid, scantling), tufë (batch, book, bunch, cloud, clutch, Covey, crop, drove, flight, flock, funiculus, group, herd, mass, muster, parcel, plume, ream, roll, run, scads, slip, stack, swarm, troop, truss, tuft, tussock, wad), traversë (crossbeam, crosspiece, crossrail, strut, temple), tra ekuilibri, timon (handlebar, helm rudder, pole, rudder, shaft, steering wheel, turnstile, wheel), rreze (flicker, gleam, radius, Ray, shaft), rrezatoj (emit, irradiate, radiate, Ray), rrezëllin, krah (arm, bay, boom, bundle, cantilever, console, fin, flank, hand, outhouse, outrigger, pinion, Pinna, shoulder, side, wing, winger). (various references) | |
Arabic | الجذع الرئيسي لقرن الوعل, بارقة, دعامة (abutment, armature, backlog, brace, crutch, hold, leg, pier, pillar, prop, shore, slip, slipway, staff, stanchion, stick, stock, strut, support), شعاع (bar, radiation, ray, shaft, streak), أشع (eradiate, irradiate, radiate, ray), أرسل أشعة (send forth), إبتسم بابتهاج, بث (broadcast, propagate, propagation, radio, telecast, transmission, transmit), إشارة لاسلكية (beam aerial), لمع (blaze, buff, burnish, coruscate, dazzle, enamel, flare, flash, furbish, gleam, glisten, glitter, polish, radiate, rub up, shine, sparkle), ذراع متذبذب, عرض السفينة, عارضة (crossing, keel, ledger, plinth, role, sitter, spar, template, tie, transom), عاتق الميزان, حزمة (bob, bunch, bundle, pack, parcel, pencil, sheaf, tuft, wisp), وجه رسالة لاسلكية, إشراقة. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сияя (burn, flush, irradiate, shine), теглич (rod, shaft, shank, tongue), греда (balk, baulk, spar, tie, timber), лъч (gleam, shaft, shoot), предавателен лост (connecting rod, link), излъчвам (discharge, eradiate, exhale, exude, give off, give out, irradiate, ooze, put out, radiate, reek, respire, scintillate, send out, shed, throw up). (various references) | |
Catalan | llamp (ray). (various references) | |
Chinese | 輈 (pole, shaft), 波束 , 橫樑 , 椽 (rafters), 播送 (broadcast, transmit), 桴 (rafter), 光束 , 射线. (various references) | |
Czech | břevno, zářivý úsmìv, zářit (blaze, eradiate, flash, fulgurate, glare, glean, lighten, radiate, shine, sparkle), vysílat (be on air, call, carry, emit, screen, shoot, telecast), vratidlo (tackle, windlass), trám (balk, girder, joist, raft, spar, strut, timber), signál (call, signal), rameno (branch, handle, leg, shoulder), přenášet (communicate, relay), paprsek (flash, Ray, streak), palubnice, nosník (crossbeam, girder, support, transom), kužel (cone, indian club, taper), kladina. (various references) | |
Danish | bjælke (girder), stråle (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Dutch | straal (radio, radius, ray, wireless), spaak (crowbar, crow-bar, radio, radius, ray, wireless), balk (girder). (various references) | |
Esperanto | trabo (girder), radio (radio, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Faeroese | bjálki (girder), strála (radio, radius, ray, wireless), geisli (radio, radius, ray, vertebra, wireless), útvarp (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Farsi | پرتوافکندن (Radiate, Shaft), پرتو (Aegis, Radiance, Ray, Rayon, Shaft), میله (Axle, Bar, Filament, Gad, Lever, Pivot, Rod, Shaft, Slat, Spike, Stem, Stilt, Style), نورافکندن (Irradiate), تیرعمارت , شعاع (Radius, Ray), شاهین ترازو (Girder, Poniter, Tongue), شاهپر. (various references) | |
Finnish | säde (radius, ray), puomi (bar, barrier, boom), hirsi (balk, girder, log). (various references) | |
French | poutre (yarn beam), rayon, madrier, flèche (bend), faisceau (electromagnetic beam), barrot. (various references) | |
Frisian | balke (girder), striel (radio, radius, ray, wireless), radio (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
German | Balken (arbor, bar, fesse, girder, joist, limb, prop, rail, shore, timber), strahl (blink, gush, jet, radiancy, ray, shaft, spurt, streak, thread), Träger (bearer, braces, cantilever, carrier, carriers, girder, holder, joist, litter, porter, porters, representative, shoulder strap, sluggishly, sponsor, strap, strecher, support, supporter, supporters, upholder, vector, vehicle, wearer, winner). (various references) | |
Greek | ακτίνα (radius, ray, spoke), δέσμη ακτίνων (electromagnetic beam, ray), δέσμη (bunch, bundle, dossier, pack, packet, sheaf, tuft, wisp), δοκός (balance beam). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מריש, למנר, לשדר (relay, transmit), לקרון (radiate, shine), להקרין (impart, irradiate, shed light, shine), קורה (crossbeam, girder, rafter, spar, timber), קרן (horn, Ray), פתין (stretcher), אלומה (sheaf), כפיס (girder, rafter), צלע (hemistich, leg, rib, side). (various references) | |
Hungarian | gerenda (balk, baulk, girder, joist, lumber, piece of timber, spar, spile, tree), sugárnyaláb (bar, brush, radar beam), sugár (bar, glimmer, jet, radii, radio, radius, ray, spurt, stream, wireless), mérlegkar, agancs középága, fénykéve (searchlight), fénysugár (bar, gleam, ray, shaft, trail of light), fedélzettartó gerenda, gerendely (crab), hangszóró hatósugara, helyes irány, himba (fly, rocker), kiegyenlítő kar, állópofa, kocsirúd (limber, perch, pole, recoil rod, shaft), zugoly, mérlegrúd, napsugár (sun, sunbeam, sunshine), rádió hatósugara, szár (barrel, body, haulm, holder, leg, shaft, shank, stalk, stem), szarvasagancs középága, tímártőke, tartó (bin, case, challenging, holder, horse, joist, keeper, mount, rail, stanchion), zuboly, kiegyenlítő rúd. (various references) | |
Icelandic | geisli (radio, radius, ray, wireless), útvarp (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Indonesian | balok (balk, block, briquet, chump, cross bar), tiang (baluster, columm, distaff, pillar, shaft), sumirat (glowing), sorotan, sinar (glow, light, radiance, ray), gelegar (girder, rumbling, thundering). (various references) | |
Italian | trave (balk, girder, joist, rafter, timber), raggio (jet, radius, range, ray, saliva, shaft, spoke, spray), subbio (roller), sciopero (radio, radius, ray, strike, wireless), fascio (bundle, faggot, sheaf, truss, wad, wisp). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 線 (line, wire), ヒンディー語 (beach, beach coat, beach house, beach parasol, beach umbrella, beach volleyball, beach wear, beacon, beads, beagle, beaker, beam antenna, beam rider, beast, beat, beat generation, Beatles, beaver, bee, beef, beefalo, beefsteak, beep, beer, beet, Hindi, Hindustan, hint, Venus, virus, viva), 梁木 , 桁 (column, digit), 光線 (light ray), 光線 (light ray), 信号電波 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ビーム , しんごうでんぱ, せん (at length, attentively, before, boastfully usurping, boil down, broil, carefully, choice, clip, compilation, cork, deeply, editing, fire, former, gland, hermit, hundredth of a yen, late, line, old, parch, precedence, previous, priority, profoundly, roast, selection, snip, stopcock, stopper, the future, thousand, wire, wizard), こうせん (battle, belligerence, brokerage, college, commission, factory boat, floating cannery, hostilities, light ray, oral statement, public election, resistance, steel wire, underground spring, war, well), りょうぼく, けた (column, digit). (various references) | |
Korean | 광속. (various references) | |
Malay | radio (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Manx | trasnane (cross-piece, serif, sleeper, transom), goull (dart, fork, fork of lightning, ray), darrag (cast, cast fishing, hairline, oak, snood), cheu (broadside, page, side, standpoint), caabyr (caber, rafter). (various references) | |
Maya | tiseera-che' (roof beam). (various references) | |
Norwegian | bjelke (girder), ståle. (various references) | |
Papiamen | biga (girder), balki (girder), rayo (radio, radius, ray, wireless), radio (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eambay.(various references) | |
Polish | radio (radio, radius, ray, wireless), promień (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Portuguese | viga (balk, cantilever, joist, pole, rafter, rib, stringer, stud, tree), trave (girder, goal kick, goalpost, rafter, stringer), feixe (bottle, cluster, fagot, gavel, pack, sheaf, truss), barra (cross-bar, crowbar, girder, inlet, ray, strip, stripe, tablet, timber). (various references) | |
Romanian | braţ de balanţã, bârnã (bar, girder, log), traversã (cross-beam, crosspiece, cross-tie, girder, rail, sleeper, tie piece, traverse), strãluci (blaze, coruscate, dazzle, flame, flare, flash, glance, glare, gleam, glisten, glitter, glow, irradiate, light, radiate, scintillate, shine, sparkle, star), razã (brightness, brilliance, brilliancy, compass, gleam, radiation, radius, Ray, shaft), radio (radio, radius, ray, wireless), radia (glow, kindle, radiate, Ray, strike out), proţap, oişte (perch, pole), montant (high, mullion, post, upright), lãţime (breadth, latitude, width), grindã (balk, baulk, girder, joist, log, timber), aureolã (aura, aureola, gloriole, glory, halo, nimbus). (various references) | |
Russian | балка (balk, baulk, girder, jig, ledger, raft, truss). (various references) | |
Scottish | sail (a beam). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zrak (ray), vratilo (axletree, horizontal bar, shaft), usmeriti (aim, direct), upraviti (direct, drive, govern, rule, steer), snop (bundle, sheaf), sijati (gleam, glitter, glow, shine), mlaz (jet, stream), greda (joist, scantling, timber). (various references) | |
Spanish | viga (arbor, balk, baulk, crossbeam, girder, joist, rafter, timber), rayo (blue streak, bolt, gleam, radio, radius, ray, shaft, spoke, thunderbolt, wireless), plegador (brake, brake press, folder, roller, warper), haz (band, bundle, face, pencil, sheaf, shower, truss), bao (anhydrous baryta, BaO, barium oxide). (various references) | |
Swahili | redio (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
Swedish | bjälke (balk, girder, log), stråle (flash, gleam, jet, radio, radius, ray, shaft, spout, spurt, squirt, wireless), balk (code, girder, section), stråla (radiate), skina (glow, lighten, shine), bom (bar, barrier, bolt, boom, Derrick, fence, level-crossing gate, Miss, spar). (various references) | |
Thai | แผ่รังสี, ส่งสัญญาณวิทยุ, ลำแสง, รอยยิ้มกว้าง, ยิ้มกว้าง, คานรับน้ำหนัก. (various references) | |
Turkish | kemere, ışımak (blaze, flare, gleam, light, light up, radiate, Ray, shine, sparkle), ışın (bar, gleam, Ray, shaft, streak), çulha silindiri, direk (atlas, backbone, column, mast, pillar, pole, post, pylon, spar, stake, stanchion, stick, upright), gözleri parlamak (beam on smb., beam upon smb., eyes be bright with desire), gözlerinin içi gülmek (beam on smb., beam upon smb.), ışık saçmak (burn, flare, irradiate, light, light up, lighten, radiate, Ray, shine, sparkle), kalça genişliği, yayın yapmak (broadcast, radiate, relay, send), kiriş (balk, baulk, bowstring, catgut, chord, girder, gut, joist, ligament, rafter, rib, sinew, span, string, stringcourse, Stringer, tendinous, tendon, tie, tie beam, timber, traverse, wire), parlamak (blaze, blink, coruscate, flare up, flash, fulminate, glare, gleam, glint, glisten, glitter, glow, light up, lighten, loose off at, shine, shine out, smile, sparkle, twinkle), radyo sinyalleri, saban oku, sinyâl vermek (signal), tatlı bakış, terazi kolu (arm of balance, scale beam), huzme. (various references) | |
Turkmen | pьrs, юцhle (ray), nur (ray). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | випромінювати (emit, eradiate, irradiate, radiate, send out, shoot), деревина (log, wood), перекладка (bar, slat), промінь (gleam), пучок променів, балансир (balance, balance beam, equalizer, sway-beam), дишло (limber, neap, pole), лонжерон, сяяти (blaze, burn, coruscate, flame, glitter, radiate, shine), концентрувати в пучок, курс, визначений радіопроменем, товстозадий, траверз, радісно посміхатися, спрямовувати (address, aread, bend, direct, govern, head, intend, operate, put, set, throw), балка (balk, bowl, girder, joist). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | rầm đòn. (various references) | |
Welsh | pelydryn (ray), paladr (ray, staff, stem). (various references) | |
Zulu | umsakazo (radio, radius, ray, wireless), irediyo (radio, radius, ray, wireless), ilirediyo (radio, radius, ray, wireless). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | dalla, gazinbu, ur. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | arbor, arbore, arborem, arbores, arbori, arboribus, arboris, ar |
