Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Tagalog |
TagalogNoun1. A member of a people native to the Philippines chiefly inhabiting central Luzon around and including Manila. 2. Language of the Tagalog people on which Filipino is based. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Crosswords: Tagalog |
| English words defined with "Tagalog": Filipino ♦ Philippine. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Tagalog": Telephone Questionnaire Assistance. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Tagalog" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Tagalog (Tagalog). |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Tagalog is an Austronesian language, commonly spoken in the Philippines, and is the basis for the national language called Filipino. There are an estimated 15 million native speakers of Tagalog and about 50 million others who speak it as a second language. Tagalog is given the ISO 639 codes of tl and tgl.
Due to three centuries of colonization by Spain, many Spanish words have been incorporated into Tagalog. The Tagalog phrase “Kumusta?” (How are [you]?) directly came from the Spanish “¿Cómo estás?”. Foreign concepts such as names of the week and months have been directly adopted. In many other cases, there are equivalent Spanish and Tagalog terms, which can be used interchangeably. An example is the Tagalog words for chair which are upuan, and silya. Silya was adopted from the Spanish silla.
The American occupation has also introduced many English words. Some examples are titser (teacher), bus (bus, pronounced boos), dyip (jeep), and restawrant (restaurant).
Modern colloquial Tagalog or Filipino typically adopts English nouns and verbs into the speech, even if there are equivalent terms in the native language. This pseudo-dialect is called Taglish. The name is a portmanteau combining the words Tagalog and English.
Grammar
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Objective A | Objective B | Genitive | Nominative | Objective A | Objective B | Genitive | |
| First person | ako | ko | sa akin sa’kin |
akin | kami | namin | sa amin sa’min |
amin |
| First-second person | — | tayo | natin | sa atin sa’tin |
atin | |||
| Second person | ikaw ka |
mo | sa iyo sa’yo |
iyo | kayo | ninyo | sa inyo | inyo |
| Third person | siya s’ya |
niya n’ya |
sa kaniya sa kan’ya |
kaniya kan’ya |
sila | nila | sa kanila | kanila |
The singular second person pronoun, ikaw, has an alternate form, ka, which can be used in place of the original form when it isn't the first word in a clause (when it follows the predicate). See the section on sentence patterns. The sentence You are happy is translated to the following three equivalent Tagalog sentences, differing only in word order.
Unlike in English, Tagalog does not have intensive or reflexive forms for the personal pronouns (pronouns with the suffix -self, such as myself). These forms are approximated by inserting the word sarili (self) and the first objective form into the sentence. For example:
Sentences in Tagalog are often in the predicate-subject order, reverse that of English. Sometimes, the predicate, if it contains a transitive verb, is split into two with the object of the verb following the subject. Almost all sentences can be transformed into the subject-predicate order, but is rarely done, and usually only for emphasis.
Here are examples with their literal English translations preserving word order.
Unlike in English, Tagalog has only five vowel sound, corresponding to the five vowels. The vowel a is pronounced as in hat while u is pronounced as in moon.
Tagalog used to have diacritics in written text to indicate pronunciation, but has gradually been dropped in modern texts. The only diacritic remaining is the tilde (~), which is used for the letter ñ.
The common diacritic used was the circumflex accent (ˆ). It was placed over a final vowel to indicate a stress and glottal stop after that vowel. For example, the verb basâ (to wet) is pronounced bah-SA as opposed to the verb bása (to read), which is pronounced BAH-sah.
Before the Spanish came to the Philippines, Tagalog had a script called baybayin (also called alibata), which has largely been replaced with a Latin-based script. This script is part of Unicode and is called Tagalog.
Due to foreign colonial influences from Spain and the United States, Tagalog has adopted many words coming from Spanish and English (mainly American English). Tagalog has also adopted words from Chinese, Hindu, and Arabic, due to precolonial trade with mainland Asian cultures. Spanish, however, has contributed the most number of words to Tagalog. In fact, many speakers of Tagalog are unaware that many of the words they use are of Spanish origin. Some examples are:
Verbs
Sentence patterns
The difference between the first and second examples is one not of meaning but of focus, as with their English translations (I read a book versus The book was read by me). The verb comes first and is marked according to which following constituent is focused on. This syntactic arrangement is unusual in the world's languages but is typical of the Philippines, and in fact linguists call it Philippine-type marking.Phonology
Pronunciation and diacritics
Baybayin, the Tagalog script
Loan words
Tagalog itself has contributed a few words into English. The word boondocks, which means 'rural' or 'back country', was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines from the Tagalog bundok, which means 'mountain.' Another word is cogon, which is a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word kugon.Tagalog words and phrases
Numbers
1 isa
2 dalawa
3 tatlo
4 apat
5 lima
6 anim
7 pito
8 walo
9 siyam
10 sampu
11 labing-isa
12 labingdalawa
13 labingtatlo
20 dalawampu
30 tatlumpu
40 apatnapu
50 limampu
60 animnapu
70 pitumpu
80 walumpu
90 siyamnapu
100 daan
1000 libo
Days of the week
week linggo
Monday lunes
Tuesday martes
Wednesday miyerkules
Thursday huwebes
Friday biyernes
Saturday sabado
Sunday linggo
Months of the year
month buwan
January Enero
February Pebrero
March Marso
April Abril
May Mayo
June Hunyo
July Hulyo
August Agosto
September Setyembre
October Oktubre
November Nobyembre
December Disyembre
Common expressions
How are [you]? Kumusta?
Good morning Magandang umaga
Good afternoon Magandang hapon
Good evening Magandang gabi
What is your name? Ano ang pangalan mo? or better Ano'ng pangalan mo?
Goodbye Paalam
Related Articles
External Link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tagalog."
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
High Tech |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Philippines | Languages: Pilipino (based on Tagalog), national language; English, language of government and instruction in higher education. (references) |
Philippines | Since 1939, in an effort to develop national unity, the government has promoted the use of the national language, Pilipino, which is based on Tagalog. (references) | |
Philippines | The three principal indigenous languages are Cebuano, spoken in the Visayas; Tagalog, predominant in the area around Manila; and Ilocano, spoken in northern Luzon. (references) | |
Travel | Philippines | Pilipino, based on Tagalog, is the national language, and is also taught in the school system. (references) |
Philippines | It is never wrong to wear the national dress, the "barong Tagalog," a lightweight, long-sleeved shirt worn without a tie, to business and social functions. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Tagalog" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Tagalog" is used about 6 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 6 | 143,867 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "Tagalog" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Tagalog | Last name | 100 | 77,370 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Tagalog": tagalog-speaking. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
tagalog | 449 |
tagalog dictionary | 121 |
tagalog translation | 76 |
lyrics tagalog | 76 |
barong tagalog | 73 |
tagalog translator | 69 |
song tagalog | 64 |
english tagalog | 54 |
tagalog movie | 42 |
learn tagalog | 41 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "Tagalog"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Asturian | Tagalu. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | agalogtay.(various references) | |
Provencal | tagalòg. (various references) | |
Samoan | Filipaina (Philippines). (various references) | |
Tagalog | tagalog. (various references) | |
Thai | สมาชิกของชาวมลายูในเกาะลูซอนของฟิลิปปินส์, าษาอินโ"นีเซียที่ใช้กันในฟิลิปปินส์. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Words rhyming with "Tagalog" (pronounced 'Ta*ga"log'): Backlog, PROLOG, Putlog. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-g-g-l-o-t" | |
-1 letter: galago. | |
-2 letters: gloat. | |
-3 letters: agog, alga, alto, gaga, gala, gaol, goal, goat, lota, tala, toga, tola. | |
-4 letters: aal, aga, ago, ala, alt, gag, gal, gat, goa, got, lag, lat, log, lot, oat, tag, tao, tog. | |
-5 letters: aa, ag, al, at, go, la, lo, ta, to. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-g-g-l-o-t" | |
+1 letter: tagalong. | |
+2 letters: tagalongs. | |
+3 letters: cataloging. | |
+4 letters: agglomerate, cataloguing, coagulating. | |
+5 letters: agglomerated, agglomerates, allografting, ganglionated, halogenating. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)54 61 67 61 6C 6F 67 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)- .- --. .- .-.. --- --. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010100 01100001 01100111 01100001 01101100 01101111 01100111 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)T a g a l o g |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0054 0061 0067 0061 006C 006F 0067 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)54677367788173 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Non-fiction | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Names: Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
