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Pope

Definition: Pope

Pope

Noun

1. The head of the Roman Catholic Church.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "pope" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references)

Etymology: Pope \Pope\, noun. [Anglo-Saxon p[=a]pa, Latin papa father, bishop. Compare to Papa, Papal.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Pope

DomainDefinition

Dream Interpretation

Any dream in which you see the Pope, without speaking to him, warns you of servitude. You will bow to the will of some master, even to that of women.
To speak to the Pope, denotes that certain high honors are in store for you. To see the Pope looking sad or displeased, warns you against vice or sorrow of some kind. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....

Literature

Pope lived at Twickenham. (1688-1744.)
"For though not sweeter his own Homer sings,
Yet is his life the more endearing song."
Thomson: Summer.
Pope (1 syl.), in Latin popa (plur. popoe). A priest who knocked on the head the ox offered in sacrifice, and cut it up, a very small part being burnt, and all the rest distributed to those concerned in the sacrifice. Wine was poured between the horns, but the priest first sipped it, and all those who assisted him. After the beast had been stunned it was stabbed, and the blood was caught in a vessel used for the purpose, for the shedding of blood was indispensable in every sacrifice. It was the duty of the pope to see that the victim to be sacrificed was without spot or blemish, and to ascertain that it had never been yoked to the plough. The head was crowned with a fillet, and the horns gift. Apparently the Roman soldiers of Pontius Pilate made a mockery imitation of these Roman and Greek sacrifices.
Pope The Pope changing his name. According to Platina, Sergius II. was the first pope who changed his name on ascending the papal chair. His proper name was Hogsmouth. Chambers says his name was "Peter di Porca," and it was the name Peter he changed, out of deference to St. Peter, thinking it arrogant to style himself Peter II. (844-847).
I know no more about it than the Pope of Rome - than a man living as far off as the Cham of Tartary or Pope of Rome.
Drunk like a pope. Benedict XII. was an enormous eater and such a wine-drinker that he gave rise to the bacchanalian expression, bibamus papaliter (See Drunk.)
Pope Titles assumed by the popes.
Universal Bishop. Prior to Gregory the Great.
Serrus Servorum. Assumed by Gregory the Great in 591.
The Lamb of God which taketh away the Sins of the World. Martin IV. in 1281.
Divine Majesty; Husband of the Church; Prince of the Apostles; Key of the whole Universe; the Pastor and Physician possessed of all Power both in Heaven and Earth. Leo X. in 1513.
Monarch of Christendom; Vice-God; Lord God the Pope. Paul V. in 1635.
Masier of the World; the Universal Father; Viceregent of the Most High. Subsequent to Paul V.
(See Brady: Clavis Calendaria, 247.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Slang in 1811

POPE. A figure burned annually every fifth of November, in memory of the gunpowder plot, which is said to have been carried on by the papists. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Alexander Pope

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Alexander Pope (May 21, 1688 - May 21, 1744) was a well known, but controversial, English poet and writer.

Born to a Catholic family in 1688 he was educated mostly outside "normal" schools and colleges as a result of the penal laws that were in force at the time to uphold the status of the established Church of England. He suffered numerous health problems, some associated with childhood tuberculosis which stunted his growth, he never grew beyond 1.37m (4ft 6in).

Although he had been writing poetry since the age of 12, his first major contribution to the literary world is considered to be An Essay on Criticism which was published in 1711 when he was 23. Other famous works include The Rape of the Lock (1712, revised 1714) as well as a six-volume translation of Homer's Iliad (1715-1726).

Pope's poetic work mirrored the cultural history of his country. Alexander Pope wrote pastoral poetry under Queen Anne; under George I, he translated the Iliad and the Odyssey (the latter with less critical success); in the third part of his writing, Pope directly addressed the major religious and intellectual problems of his time. Pope was the last major poet to write in traditional rhyming couplets; he developed the heroic couplet beyond that of any previous poet, and essentially exhausted its usefulness for later poets.

Pope wrote a famous poem about Sir Isaac Newton: "Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night; God said Let Newton be! and all was light."

Pope had a friend and ally in Jonathan Swift.

Concerning Pope as editor of Shakespeare, see Twelfth Night - a textual problem.

Works

External Links

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Holy See

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Often the term Holy See is defined as the office or jurisdiction of the Pope. It may also be defined as the head of the Roman Catholic church, including the Pope. By this latter definition, the Holy See continues to exist when the papacy is vacant after the death or resignation of the Pope. During such vacancies the Catholic Church and the Vatican City are governed oligarchically by the College of Cardinals. The Holy See is recognized as having legal personality under international law.

The Holy See is legally distinguishable from the Vatican City, which is a territory over which the Holy See has sovereignty: some treaties the Holy See is a party to in itself, other treaties it is a party to in respect of the Vatican City.

However, the foreign embassies are credited to the Holy See and not to the Vatican State.

Generally, the Holy See as a party to a treaty reflects the interests of the Roman Catholic church, while Vatican City is generally only party to treaties which are not of general significance, e.g., treaties regarding co-operation with Italy.

Apart from Rome the episcopal see of Mainz is also called a holy see.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Holy See."

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List of Coptic Popes

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A list of the Popes of the Coptic Orthodox Church. For earlier bishops of Alexandria, see List of Patriarchs of Alexandria.

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Pope

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Pope (Bishop of Rome or Vicar of Jesus Christ) is the bishop and patriarch of Rome, the supreme spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Rite Catholic churches, which collectively comprise the Catholic -- that is, Universal -- Church. In addition to his spiritual role, the Pope is also sovereign of the independent state of Vatican City, entirely surrounded by Rome. Prior to 1870, the Pope as a secular leader ruled over a large section of the centre of Italy known as the Papal States. His office and jurisdiction is known as the Papacy or Holy See.

Among the honours belonging to the Pope are the style "Your Holiness" and "the Holy Father", and the titles "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the State of the Vatican City".

The Pope resides in the Palace of the Vatican, within Vatican City, and according to tradition the Pope has resided in Rome since the first century AD. Still, according to the Latin formula ubi Papa, ubi Curia, the Pope's seat of power is by default the place of government of the Church. As such, between 1309 to 1378 the seat of the Pope was not in Rome but in Avignon, a period often called the Babylonian Captivity, as an allusion to the Biblical exile of Israel. (see Avignon Papacy)

It is the orthodox belief of the Catholic Church that Jesus founded the Church (a word which means the community of disciples) on St. Peter when he said, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." (Matthew 16:18). This passage is significant because in the original Greek text, and the Aramaic in which Jesus would have said it, the words for Peter and rock would be identical, and the literal translation would be "You are a rock and on this rock..."

Further, it is Catholic doctrine that Jesus gave Peter the "keys of the Kingdom of Heaven" (Matthew 16:19: "And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." See also Luke 22:31: "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded permission to sift you like wheat; but I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen your brothers").

Peter is considered by Catholics to be the first visible head of the Christian church and the first pope. His authority, and by extension that of his lawful successors, is universal and immediate, with power to "bind and loose", and to govern the Universal Church (the community of all believers). He is the leader of the College of Bishops, and is responsible for guiding them just as they are responsible for guiding their own flocks.

The First Vatican Council (1869-1870) defined the dogma of papal infallibility whereby the pope, when he speaks ex cathedra, does not have the possibility of error on any matter of faith or morals. There are rigourous requirements for such a statement, and there are only a very few. Ordinarily, the Pope exercises infallibility through the College of Bishops and in union with Ecumenical Councils of the Universal Church.

The term antipope refers to individuals whom some have claimed to be popes, but who were not canonically or lawfully elected. Their stories often reflect tumultuous periods in church history; only one antipope has been canonised, or declared a saint.

Death and Election

Currently when the pope dies the rule of the papacy passes to the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, a cardinal appointed by the Pope. The Camerlengo removes the Ring of the Fisherman from the pope's right hand; it is later broken at the meeting to decide the new pope. The body rests in state for a number of days before being placed in a special coffin and interred in the crypt in some leading church or cathedral. All twentieth century popes have been buried in St. Peter's Basilica. It is expected however that when the current pope, John Paul II dies, he will be buried in his native Poland. There follows a nine day period of mourning, novemdialis.

Currently the pope is elected for life by a vote of those cardinals who are under the age of 80. Initially the pope was chosen by those senior clergy residing near Rome. In 1059 the election was restricted to cardinals and in 1179 the individual votes of all electors were equalised. However the potential choice is considerable, almost anyone —even lay persons— can be elected, although Urban VI was the last non-Cardinal elected. If a lay person or other non-bishop is elected, then the Dean of the College of Cardinals ordains him a bishop before he assumes office.

In France the Second Council of Lyons opened on May 7, 1274 to regulate the election of the pope. Two additional conditions were introduced; the cardinals had to meet within ten days of the pope's death, and they had to remain in seclusion until a new pope was chosen. This was prompted by the three year wait to replace Clement IV who died in 1268. By the mid 1500s the electoral process was roughly equivalent to the current one. The time between the death and the election has been changed; it must occur within twenty days, but must begin not less than fifteen days after the death.

The actual vote used to take place by one of three methods: acclamation, committee or plenary vote. The simplest was a unanimous voice vote called acclamation (last occurred in 1621). There was also an option of the selection of a smaller committee to make a decision. The third-most common is by a plenary vote of all cardinals entitled to vote, by means of a ballot. However in a major revision of the code of procedure, Pope John II abolished the option of selection by committee or by acclamation. Thus all subsequent popes can only be elected by full vote of the College of Cardinals.

The meeting of cardinals, the conclave, is called by the Sacred College of Cardinals and almost always takes place in the Vatican, in the Sistine Chapel. The conclave is so named because once the twenty-day limit is reached all the present eligible electors are theoretically locked away from the rest of the world (cum clavi). By lot three cardinals are assigned to collect the votes of non-attendees (through illness), three more are assigned to count the votes and a further three to review the count. The ballot papers (usually marked "Eligo in summum Pontificem Rev.mum D. Meum D. Card...") are distributed; each cardinal writes his choice upon the paper, pledges aloud he is electing "one whom under God I think ought to be elected" and deposits his ballot into a container. If there is no overall winner the cardinals vote again immediately, and then possibly again and again until there is a clear choice. Until 1996 the required majority was two-thirds; now if the meeting is still deadlocked after twelve days a simple majority rule can be invoked. To communicate some of the process to the waiting world the ballots, once counted, are burned: black smoke (sfumata, created using straw) indicates the vote was not decisive, and white smoke indicates a new pope has been chosen.

When the pope has been chosen he is asked by the Dean of the College of Cardinals to confirm his acceptance, and then the name he chooses is announced. Since 535, up to and including Pope John Paul II, the pope has had the opportunity to be called by a name other than that given at birth and the practice has become standard. The selection is then announced from a balcony over St. Peter's Square, initially with the words "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum. Habemus Papam."

The election process was last altered in 1996 by John Paul II in Universi Dominici Gregis.

The Latin term sede vacante (empty seat) is normally applied to the period between the death of one pope and the election of his successor. This term has been adapted to identify a group of modern schismatics. See sedevacantism.

The Title

The word pope (post-classical Latin papa, father), is an ecclesiastical title now used to designate the head of the Roman Catholic Church and several Patriarchs of eastern Orthodoxy, such as the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church. In the 4th and 5th centuries it was frequently used in the west of any bishop, but in the Catholic church it gradually came to be reserved to the bishop of Rome, becoming his official title. In the East, on the other hand, the Patriarch of Alexandria uses it as as his historical title.

As a popular term it was applied to priests, and at the present day, in the Greek Church and in Russia all the priests are called pappas, which is also translated "pope". Even in the case of the sovereign pontiff the word pope is officially only used as a less solemn style: though the ordinary signature and heading of briefs is, e.g. "Pius PP. X", the signature of bulls is Pius episcopus ecclesiae catholicae (Bishop of the Catholic Church), and the heading, Pius episcopus, servus servorum Dei (Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God), this latter formula going back to the time of Saint Gregory the Great. Other styles met with in official documents are Pontifex Maximus (Greatest Pontiff), Summus pontifex (Highest Pontiff), Romanus pontifex (Roman Pontiff), Sanctissimus (Most Holy), Sanctissimus pater (Most Holy Father), Sanctissimus dominus noster (Our Most Holy lord), Sanctitas sua (His Holiness), Beatissimus pater (Most Blessed Father), Beatitude sue (His Beatitude); while the pope is addressed in speaking as Sanctitas vestra (Your Holiness), or Beatissime pater (Most Blessed Father). In the middle ages is also found Dominus apostolicus (Apostolic Lord) (cf. still, in the litanies of the saints), or simply Apostolicus (The Apostolic).

See also:

External link

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Pope (music)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

"Pope" is a recitation for unaccompanied voice, composed by Juan Maria Solare. It is based on text by Alfred Edward Housman. Cologne and Saint-Germain des Angles (Évreux, France), 9-27 July 1996. [17'00"]. 5 pages. Pre-first-performance: by Ligia Liberatori in "Die Gewölbe" (Cologne, Germany) on 28 January, 1998. The first official performance was by Ligia Liberatori on 27 May 1998 in the auditorium "Freie Kammerspiele Köln", in Cologne (Germany). Performed by Marc Aisenbrey on 21/JAN/1999 and by Julius Pfeifer on 18/FEB/1999, both in the Musikhochschule at Stuttgart. Performed by Ligia Liberatori on 24/APR/1999 in Dresden (Theatermesse), on 29/JUN/99 in Luxemburg (Festival "Cour des Capucins") and on 23, 24 and 25/JUL in Art in Beaufort (Lux). Performed by Ligia Liberatori on 17/JUL/2001 in the Aula 2 og the University in Cologne.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pope (music)."

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Pope Clement VII

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

CLEMENT VII, antipope (1378-1394). See antipope Clement VII.

CLEMENT VII (Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, 1478 - 1534), pope from 1523 to 1534. This most unfortunate of the popes was the illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, who was assassinated in the Pazzi Conspiracy against the Medici; he was thus the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and cousin of Pope Leo X. Upon the latter's accession to the Papacy, Giulio became his principal minister and confidant, especially in the maintenance of the Medici interest at Florence. At Leo's death, Cardinal Medici, though unable to gain the Papacy for himself or his ally Alessandro Farnese, took a leading part in determining the unexpected election of Pope Adrian VI, to whom he succeeded in the next conclave (November 1523). He brought to the Papal throne a high reputation for political ability, and possessed in fact all the accomplishments of a wily diplomatist, but the circumstances of the times required a man of far different mold.

His worldliness and lack of insight into the tendencies of his age disqualified him from comprehending the great religious movement which then convulsed the church; while his timidity and indecision no less disabled him from following a consistent policy in secular affairs.

At first attached to the interests of the Holy Roman Empire, he was terrified by the overwhelming success of Emperor Charles V in the battle of Pavia into joining the other Italian princes in a league with France. This policy in itself was sound and patriotic, but Clement's zeal soon cooled; by his want of foresight and unseasonable economy he laid himself open to an attack from the turbulent Roman barons, which obliged him to invoke the mediation of the Emperor. When this danger seemed over he veered back to his former engagements, and ended by drawing down upon himself the imperialist host, eventually uncertainly led by Charles, Duke of Bourbon, who, compelled to satisfy his clamorous mercenaries by pillage, embraced the opportunity of leading them against Rome.

Rome was assaulted and sacked on May 6, 1527, and Clement, who had displayed no more resolution in his military than in his political conduct, was shortly afterwards obliged to surrender himself together with the castle of Sant'Angelo, where he had taken refuge. After six months captivity he was released upon very onerous conditions, and for some years subsequently followed a policy of subserviency to the Emperor, endeavouring on the one hand to induce him to act with severity against the Lutherans in Germany, and on the other to elude his demands for a general council.

One momentous consequence of this dependence on Charles was the breach with England occasioned by Clement's refusal, justifiable in point of principle, but dictated by no higher motive than his fear of offending the emperor, to sanction Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon; this ultimately resulted in the establishment of the independent Church of England.

Towards the end of his reign Clement once more gave indications of a leaning towards a French alliance, which was prevented by his death in September 1534. As a man he possessed few virtues and few vices; as a pontiff he did nothing to disgrace the church and nothing to restore its lustre; his adroitness and dexterity as a statesman were counteracted by his suspicion and irresolution; his administration affords a proof that at eventful crises of the world's history mediocrity of character is more disastrous than mediocrity of talent.

(Article originally taken from the 9th edition (1876) of an unnnamed encyclopedia)

Preceded by:
Pope Adrian VI		List of popesSucceeded by:
Pope Paul III

See also

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Pope County, Arkansas

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Pope County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of 2000, the population is 54,469. The county seat is Russellville.

Pope County was formed on 2 November 1829 and was named for the 3rd territorial governor of Arkansas John Pope of Kentucky.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,152 km² (831 mi²). 2,103 km² (812 mi²) of it is land and 49 km² (19 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.27% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 54,469 people, 20,701 households, and 15,008 families residing in the county. The population density is 26/km² (67/mi²). There are 22,851 housing units at an average density of 11/km² (28/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 93.73% White, 2.61% Black or African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. 2.06% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 20,701 households out of which 34.30% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% are married couples living together, 10.20% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% are non-families. 23.00% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.10% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 3.00.

In the county the population is spread out with 25.50% under the age of 18, 11.60% from 18 to 24, 28.20% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 12.70% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county is $32,069, and the median income for a family is $39,055. Males have a median income of $29,914 versus $19,307 for females. The per capita income for the county is $15,918. 15.20% of the population and 11.60% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 18.80% are under the age of 18 and 14.00% are 65 or older.

Cities and towns

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Pope Innocent X

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Portrait by Diego Velazquez
(Larger version)

Innocent X, Giovanni Battista Pamphili, Pope from 1644 to 1655, was born in Rome in 1574, attained the dignity of cardinal in 1629. With the help of French influence was chosen to succeed Urban VIII as Pope on September 15, 1644. He was one of the most politically shrewd Pontifs of the era, and much increased the temporal power of the Vatican.

According to the text from the 9th edition of an encyclopedia from 1880:

Throughout his reign the influence exercised over him by Olympia Maidalchina, his deceased brother's wife, was very great, and such as to give rise to gross scandal, for which, however, there appears to have been no adequate ground. He naturally enough objected to the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, against which his nuncio in his name vainly protested, and against which he issued the bull Zelo Domus Dei in November 1648. The most important of his doctrinal decisions was his condemnation of the five Jansenist propositions in 1653. The avarice of his female counsellor gave to his reign a tone of oppression and sordid greed which probably it would not otherwise have shown, for personally he was not without noble and reforming impulses.

He died January 5, 1655, and was succeeded by Alexander VII.

Preceded by:
Pope Urban VIII		List of popesSucceeded by:
Pope Alexander VII

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pope Innocent X."

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Pope John Paul II

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Pope John Paul II
at his Inauguration in 1978

John Paul II, Karol Józef Wojtyła (born May 18, 1920) is the first Slavic pope in history and the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in 1522. He is also the most widely travelled pope, having made over 100 papal visits abroad, more than all his predecessors put together. John Paul II was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church on October 16, 1978, following the short pontificate of his namesake, Pope John Paul I.

Personal background

Karol Józef Wojtyła (pronounced Voy-tee-wah) was born in Wadowice, Poland in 1920. An athlete, actor and playwright in his youth, Karol Wojtyła was ordained a priest on November 1, 1946. He taught ethics at Kraków and Lublin universities. In 1958 he was named auxiliary bishop of Kraków and four years later he assumed leadership of the diocese with the title of vicar capitular.

On December 30, 1963, he was named Archbishop of Kraków by Pope Paul VI. Both as bishop and archbishop, Wojtyła participated in the Second Vatican Council, making contributions to the documents that would become the Decree on Religious Freedom (Dignitatis Humanae) and the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes), two of the most historic and influential products of the council.

In 1967 Pope Paul VI elevated him to cardinal. In August 1978 following Pope Paul's death he participated in the Papal Conclave that elected Albino Luciani, the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice, as Pope John Paul I. At 65, Luciani was a young man by papal standards. While Wojtyła at 58 could have expected to participate in another papal conclave before reaching the age of eighty (at which he would be excluded), he could hardly have expected that his second conclave would come so soon, for on 28 September 1978, after only 33 days in the papacy, Pope John Paul I died, in circumstances that still remain mysterious. In October 1978 Wojtyła returned to the Vatican to participate in the second conclave in less than two months.

The Second Conclave of 1978


John Paul II's Coat of Arms
The Letter M is for Mary, the Mother of God, to whom he holds strong devotion

The conclave itself was divided between two particularly strong candidates, Giuseppe Siri, the reactionary Archbishop of Genoa, and Giovanni Benelli, the liberal Archbishop of Florence and close associate of Pope John Paul I. In early ballots Benelli came within nine votes of victory. Wojtyła however secured election as the compromise candidate, in part through the support of liberal cardinals like Franz König and conservatives who had previously supported Siri. On election, the first non-Italian pope for nearly half a millennium was referred to by many simply as the man for a far country. In terms of his age, his nationality, and his rugged health, the former athlete and playwright broke all the papal rules. He was to become the dominant twentieth-century pope of the Catholic Church, eclipsing Pope Paul VI in travels, Pope Pius XII in intellectual vigour, and Pope John XXIII in charisma.

The First Polish playwright-Pope

When on October 16, 1978, at age 58, he succeeded Pope John Paul I, he fulfilled a prophesy made to him decades earlier by Padre Pio that he would one day be pope. There was also another part to the prediction. The monk with the stigmata also predicted that Wotjtyła's reign would be short and end in blood, a prophesy that almost became true when on May 13, 1981 he was shot and nearly killed by Mehmet Ali Agca, a Turkish gunman, as he entered St. Peter's Square to address a general audience.

There have been unproven speculations that the assassination was ordered by the Soviet Union. Two days after Christmas in 1983, Pope John Paul went to the prison and met with his would-be assassin.

Travels


Pope John Paul II visiting a synagogue in Rome in April 1983
During his reign, Pope John Paul II made more foreign trips than all previous popes put together. While some of his trips (to the United States and the Holy Land) were to places previously visited by "The Pilgrim Pope", Pope Paul VI, many others were to places that no pope had ever visited before. He became the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom, where he met Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. In a dramatic symbolic gesture, he knelt in prayer in Canterbury Cathedral, founded by Augustine of Canterbury and the See of the Church of England, alongside the current Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. Throughout his trips, he stressed his devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary through visits to various Marian shrines, notably Knock in the Republic of Ireland, Fatima in Portugal and Lourdes in France. His public visits were centered around large Papal Masses; one million people, one quarter of the population of the island of Ireland, attended his Mass in Phoenix Park in 1979.

There was a plot to assassinate the Pope during his visit to Manila in January 1995, as part of Operation Bojinka, a mass terrorist attack that was developed by Al-Qaida members Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheik Mohammed. A suicide bomber would dress up as a priest. He would then use the disguise to get closer to the Pope's motorcade so that he could kill him by detonating himself. About one to two weeks before the Pope's Philippine visit, an apartment fire led investigators lead by Aida Fariscal to Yousef's laptop computer, which had terrorist plans on it, as well as clothes and items that suggested an assassination plot. Yousef would be arrested in Pakistan about a month later, but Khalid Sheik Mohammed would not be arrested until 2003.

Relations with the Jewish people

John Paul II has written and delivered a number of speeches on the subject of the Church's relationship with Jews, and has often paid homage to the victims of the Holocaust in many nations. His visit to the Synagogue of Rome was the first by a pope since the founding of the Catholic Church.

The Anti-Defamation League recently stated, "The Anti-Defamation League congratulates Pope John Paul II on the 25th anniversary of his papacy. His deep commitment to reconciliation between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people has been fundamental to his papacy. Jews throughout the world are deeply grateful to the Pope. He has defended the Jewish people at all times, as a priest in his native Poland and during his pontificate....We pray that he remains healthy for many years to come, that he achieves much success in his holy work and that Catholic-Jewish relations continue to flourish." [1]

Criticising a 'culture of death'

He is considered a conservative on doctrine and issues relating to the ordination of women, and has been critical of Liberation Theology and those who regard themselves Catholics while questioning the church's teachings on faith and morals. In the 1995 encyclical Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) he reasserted the church's condemnation of abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment, calling them all a part of the "culture of death" that is pervasive in the modern world. His stands on capital punishment, world debt forgiveness, and poverty issues are considered politically liberal, showing that 'conservative' and 'liberal' labels are not easily assigned to religious leaders.

Serious Health Problems


Pope John Paul II kisses the Koran in May 1999
As the youngest pope since Pope Pius IX was elected in 1846, John Paul entered the papacy as an exceptionally healthy, relatively young man who, unlike previous popes, swam and skied. However, after twenty-five years on the papal throne, a serious assassination attempt, and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health is poor. In May 2003, the Vatican confirmed that, as international observers had suspected, Pope John Paul is suffering from Parkinson's disease. He has difficulty speaking and hearing. He also has severe arthritis in his right knee, which he developed following a hip replacement. Nevertheless, he has continued to tour the world. Despite speculation that he may resign, he appears determined to remain in office until his death or until he becomes irrevocably mentally impaired. Those who have met him say that, though physically in poor shape, he remains mentally in full health.


Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope ever to preach in a Lutheran Church in Rome, in December 1983
In 2000, he publicly endorsed the Jubilee 2000 campaign on African debt relief fronted by Irish rock stars Sir Bob Geldof and Bono. Indeed the nature of the relationship between the 79-year-old pope and Bono was revealed when someone working at U2's recording studio revealed that a recording session for Bono's band, U2 was interrupted on at least one occasion by a phone call to the recording studio in Dublin by the pope, who wanted to talk to Bono about the campaign.

Antipopes

For antipopes during his papacy, see

Encyclicals of Pope John Paul II


Pope John Paul II on the
Vatican's €1 coin

Pastoral visits outside Italy


Pope John Paul II in old age

  1. January 25 - February 1 1979 - Dominican Republic, Mexico, the Bahamas
  2. June 2 - June 10 1979 - Poland
  3. September 29 - October 8 1979 - Republic of Ireland and the United States
  4. November 28 - November 30 1979 - Turkey
  5. May 2 - May 12 1980 - Zaire, Congo, Kenya, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast
  6. May 30 - June 2 1980 - France
  7. June 30 - July 12 1980 - Brazil
  8. November 15 - November 19 1980 - Germany
  9. February 16 - February 27 1981 - Pakistan, the Philippines, Guam (USA), Japan, Anchorage (USA)
  10. February 12 - February 19 1982 - Nigeria, Benin, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea
  11. May 12 - May 15 1982 - Portugal
  12. May 28 - June 2 1982 - United Kingdom
  13. June 10 - June 13 1982 - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Argentina
  14. June 15 1982 - Geneva (Switzerland)
  15. August 29 1982 - San Marino
  16. October 31 - November 9 1982 - Spain
  17. March 2 - March 10 1983 - Lisbon (Portugal), Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Haiti
  18. June 16 - June 23 1983 - Poland
  19. August 14 - August 15 1983 - Lourdes (France)
  20. September 10 - September 13 1983 - Austria
  21. May 2 - May 12 1984 - Fairbanks (USA), Republic of Korea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand
  22. June 12 - June 17 1984 - Switzerland
  23. September 9 - September 21 1984 - Canada
  24. October 10 - October 13 1984 - Zaragoza (Spain), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), San Juan (Puerto Rico)
  25. January 26 - February 6 1985 - Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago
  26. May 11 - May 21 1985 - the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium
  27. August 8 - August 19 1985 - Togo, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, Kenya, Morocco
  28. September 8 1985 - Kloten (Switzerland), Liechtenstein
  29. January 31 - February 11 1986 - India
  30. July 1 - July 8 1986 - St. Lucia, Colombia
  31. October 4 - October 7 1986 - France
  32. November 18 - December 1 1986 - Bangladesh, Singapore, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, the Seychelles
  33. March 31 - April 13 1987 - Chile, Uruguay, Argentina
  34. April 30 - May 4 1987 - Germany
  35. June 8 - June 14 1987 - Poland
  36. September 10 - September 21 1987 - United States (including New Orleans), Fort Simpson (Canada)
  37. May 7 - May 18 1988 - Uruguay, Bolivia, Lima (Peru), Paraguay, Curacao
  38. June 23 - June 27 1988 - Austria
  39. September 10 - September 19 1988 - Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique
  40. October 8 - October 11 1988 - France
  41. April 28 - May 6 1989 - Madagascar, Réunion, Zambia, Malawi
  42. June 1 - June 10 1989 - Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden
  43. August 19 - August 21 1989 - Santiago de Compostela and Asturias (both Spain)
  44. October 6 - October 16 1989 - Seoul (Republic of Korea), Indonesia (East Timor), Mauritius
  45. January 25 - February 1 1990 - Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad
  46. April 21 - April 22 1990 - Czechoslovakia
  47. May 6 - May 14 1990 - Mexico, Curacao
  48. May 25 - May 27 1990 - Malta
  49. September 1 - September 10 1990 - Luqa (Malta), Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Yamoussoukro (Ivory Coast)
  50. May 5 - May 13 1991 - Portugal
  51. June 1 - June 9 1991 - Poland
  52. August 13 - August 20 1991 - Czestochowa (Poland), Hungary
  53. October 12 - October 21 1991 - Brazil
  54. February 19 - February 26 1992 - Senegal, Gambia, Guinea
  55. June 4 - June 10 1992 - Angola, Sao Tome and Principe
  56. October 9 - October 14 1992 - Dominican Republic
  57. February 3 - February 10 1993 - Benin, Uganda, Khartoum (Sudan)
  58. April 25 1993 - Albania
  59. June 12 - June 17 1993 - Spain
  60. August 9 - August 16 1993 - Jamaica, Merida (Mexico), Denver (USA)
  61. September 4 - September 10 1993 - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
  62. September 10 - September 11 1994 - Zagreb (Croatia)
  63. January 11 - January 21 1995 - Manila (Philippines), Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea), Sydney (Australia), Colombo (Sri Lanka)
  64. May 20 - May 22 1995 - Czech Republic, Poland
  65. June 3 - June 4 1995 - Belgium
  66. June 30 - July 3 1995 - Slovakia
  67. September 14 - September 20 1995 - Yaounde (Cameroon), Johannesburg (Republic of South Africa), Nairobi (Kenya)
  68. October 4 - October 9 1995 - Newark, New York, United Nations, Yonkers, Baltimore (all USA)
  69. February 5 - February 12 1996 - Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Venezuela
  70. April 14 1996 - Tunisia
  71. May 17 - May 19 1996 - Slovenia
  72. June 21 - June 23 1996 - Germany
  73. September 6 - September 7 1996 - Hungary
  74. September 19 - September 22 1996 - France
  75. April 12 - April 13 1997 - Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
  76. April 25 - April 27 1997 - Czech Republic
  77. May 10 - May 11 1997 - Beirut (Lebanon)
  78. May 31 - June 10 1997 - Poland
  79. August 21 - August 24 1997 - Paris (France)
  80. October 2 - October 6 1997 - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  81. January 21 - January 26 1998 - Cuba
  82. March 21 - March 23 1998 - Nigeria
  83. June 19 - June 21 1998 - Austria
  84. October 2 - October 4 1998 - Croatia
  85. January 22 - January 28 1999 - St. Louis (USA), Mexico
  86. May 7 - May 9 1999 - Romania
  87. June 5 - June 17 1999 - Poland
  88. September 19 1999 - Slovenia
  89. October 5 - October 9 1999 - New Delhi (India), Georgia
  90. February 24 - February 26 2000 - Mount Sinai (Egypt)
  91. March 20 - March 26 2000 - Jordan, the West Bank, Israel
  92. May 12 - May 13 2000 - Fatima (Portugal)
  93. May 5 - May 9 2001 - Malta, Greece, Syria
  94. June 23 - June 27 2001 - Ukraine, including Babi Yar, where many Jews were massacred in the Holocaust
  95. September 22 - September 27 2001 - Kazakhstan, Armenia
  96. May 22 - May 26 2002 - Azerbaijan, Bulgaria
  97. July 23 - August 2 2002 - Canada, Guatemala (including Antigua Guatemala), Mexico
  98. August 18 - August 19 2002 - Poland
  99. May 3 - May 4 2003 - Spain
  100. June 5 - June 9 2003 - Croatia
  101. June 22 2003 - Bosnia and Herzegovina
  102. September 11 - September 14 2003 - Slovakia

References

[1] Statement from the Anti-Defamation League on the 25th Anniversary of Pope John Paul II's Papacy

External links

Preceded by:
Pope John Paul I		List of popesSucceeded by:
—

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pope John Paul II."

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Pope Pius VII

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Pope Pius VII (August 14, 1740 - August 20, 1823) was pope from March 14, 1800.


Pope Pius VII

Barnaba Chiaramonti was born at Cesena into a noble Italian family. He was educated in Ravenna before joining the Benedictine order in 1756 to continue his studies. He then became a teacher within the order. His career became a series of swift promotions following the election of a family friend Giovanni Braschi as Pope Pius VI. Pius VI appointed him abbot of San Callisto in Rome in 1776 and after making him a bishop made him a cardinal in February 1785. Following the death of Pius in August 1799 the conclave met in Venice on November 30. There were three main candidates and after several months of stalemate Chiaramonti was elected as a compromise candidate. He was crowned Pius VII on March 21, 1800.

As when he was cardinal the main concern of the new Pope was the French. The revolutionary regime of Napoleon I led to the Concordat of 1801 negotiated by Ercole Consalvi, which re-systemised the linkage between the French church and Rome. The Pope suffered a major loss of church lands in Germany where following the Peace of Lunéville (1801) a number of German princes compensated for their losses by seizing ecclesiastical property. Whatever hopes Pius may have had with Napoleon, the Papal States were eventually taken by the French around 1800, and when Napoleon subsequently was excommunicated, he had Pius arrested. Pius did not return to Rome until 1814. At the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) the Papal States were largely restored.

His monument (1831) in St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, is by the Danish (Protestant) sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Preceded by:
Pope Pius VI		List of popesSucceeded by:
Pope Leo XII

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pope Pius VII."

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Pope, Mississippi

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Pope is a village located in Panola County, Mississippi. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 241.

Geography


Pope is located at 34°12'54" North, 89°56'39" West (34.214976, -89.944299)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²). 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 241 people, 88 households, and 69 families residing in the village. The population density is 92.1/km² (238.4/mi²). There are 96 housing units at an average density of 36.7/km² (95.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 83.82% White, 14.52% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 88 households out of which 40.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% are married couples living together, 17.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.5% are non-families. 17.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.74 and the average family size is 3.09. In the village the population is spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.0 males. The median income for a household in the village is $33,125, and the median income for a family is $30,000. Males have a median income of $30,893 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village is $13,543. 11.6% of the population and 11.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 8.3% are under the age of 18 and 22.5% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pope, Mississippi."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Pope

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

POPE

English1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineMedicine

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonym: Pope

Synonym: pontiff (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Pope

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Amusement

Cards, card games; whist, rubber; round game; loo, cribbage, besique, euchre, drole, ecarte, picquet, allfours, quadrille, omber, reverse, Pope Joan, commit; boston, boaston; blackjack, twenty-one, vingtun; quinze, thirty-one, put, speculation, connections, brag, cassino, lottery, commerce, snip-snap-snoren, lift smoke, blind hookey, Polish bank, Earl of Coventry, Napoleon, patience, pairs; banker; blind poker, draw poker, straight poker, stud poker; bluff, bridge, bridge whist; lotto, monte, three-card monte, nap, penny-ante, poker, reversis, squeezers, old maid, fright, beggar-my-neighbor; baccarat.

Certainty

Gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of final appeal; res judicata, ultimatum positiveness; dogmatism, dogmatist, dogmatizer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist, Sir Oracle; ipse dixit.

Clergy

Pope, Papa, pontiff, high priest, cardinal; ancient flamen, flamen; confessor, penitentiary; spiritual director.

Superiority

Supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, preeminent, foremost, crowning; first-rate; (important), (excellent); unrivaled peerless, matchless; none such, second to none, sans pareil; unparagoned, unparalleled, unequalled, unapproached, unsurpassed; superlative, inimitable facile princeps, incomparable, sovereign, without parallel, nulli secundus, ne plus ultra; beyond compare, beyond comparison; culminating; (topmost); transcendent, transcendental;plus royaliste que le Roi, more catholic than the Pope

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Pope

English words defined with "pope": Pope Alexander VI. (references)
Specialty definitions using "pope": Alpleich, ANGELO, Apollo Belvidere, Apostolic Majesty, Arnoldists, Atossa ♦ Barbari, Bards, Bar-sur-Aube, Berenice, Bishop, Cardinal, Pope ♦ Canossa, Catholic King, Cecilia, Cerdonians, Compound Subjects, Cooper's Hill, Curse of Scotland ♦ Defender of the Faith, Dennis, Diomedean Swop, Dodington, Dogmatic Facts, Donation of Pepin, Dragon Slayers ♦ EIGHTH, Electing a Pope ♦ Factor, Fifteen decisive Battles, Filioque Controversy, Forbës, Fraticellians, Fresco-painting ♦ Glumdalclitch, Gregorian Year, Grosted ♦ Hatton, Holy League, Houyhnhnms ♦ IRISH LEGS, Isidorian Decretals ♦ Jacob the Scourge of Grammar, Jansenists, Jelly Pardons, Jerusalem Chamber, JESTER, Julian Year ♦ Keys ♦ Lætare Sunday, Last of the Romans, Lord Peter, Lucrezia di Borgia ♦ MacPherson, Man of Ross, Margites, Marozia, Mothering Sunday ♦ Namby Pamby Philips ♦ Pagan Works of Art, Pastorale of Pope Gregory, Pentapolis, Piper that Played before Moses, Poets' Corner, Poisoners, Popefigland, Pope's Tiara ♦ Querno ♦ Red Hat, Rings Noted in Fable ♦ Sacred Heart, soul, Speaking Heads, Stilo Novo, Stimulants of Great Men, Sure as Demoivre, Sylvester ♦ Ugly as Sin, Ultimus Romanorum, Ultramontane Party ♦ Vatican, Vaticanus, Codex, Veni, Creator Spiritus ♦ Wharton. (references)
Etymologies containing "pope": Pontificality. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Pope" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (coach box), German (cleric, priest), Portuguese (pope), Spanish (pope).

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Modern Usage: Pope

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Very authoritative you know, like the Pope or the computer in 2001 (Manhattan; writing credit: Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman. Starring Woody Allen as Isaac Davis and Diane Keaton as Mary Wilke.)

I've got more trophies than Wayne Gretzky & The Pope combined (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge)

About 4 or 5 years ago the pope moved him to Crespin and she should still be with him. (Jean de Florette; writing credit: Claude Berri; Gérard Brach)

I've got 10 years on the pope! (The Lion in Winter; writing credit: David Newman; Robert Benton)

No, I tell you, I havea de seal of de Pope! (The Pit and the Pendulum; writing credit: Dennis Paoli; Edgar Allan Poe)

Lyrics

'63 Pope Paul, Malcolm X, British politician sex (We Didn't Start The Fire; performing artist: Billy Joel)

Clever

At every word, a reputation dies. (references; author: Pope)

The villain's censure is extorted praise. (references; author: Pope)

Judges and senators have been bought with gold. (references; author: Pope)

To be angry is to revenge the faults of others on ourselves. (references; author: Pope)

There should be as little merit in loving a woman for her beauty, as a man for his prosperity, both being equally subject to change. (references; author: Pope)

Tongue Twisters

Pope Sixtus VI's six texts. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Pope Joan (1972)

Skazka o pope Pankrate (1918)

No. 102 Pope Leo XIII in Carriage (1898)

M.H. Pope Leo in a Chair (1898)

No. 1 Pope Leo XIII and Count Pecci (1898)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Pope

DomainTitle

References

  • Eldridge, Pope & Co. P.L.C.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Pope & Talbot, Incorporated: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • In God's Name: An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I (reference)

  • The Accidental Pope (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • High Mass Coronation Celebrated by Pope John Paul (Mozart) (reference)

  • High Mass Celebrated by Pope John Paul II (reference)

  • Pope John Paul II: The Conscience of The World (reference)

  • The Pope of Greenwich Village (reference)

  • A Celebration of Mass: His Holiness Pope John Paul II (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Pope

Photos:
Pope

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Pope

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Pope

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Pope

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Apollo 11 Astronauts Receive a Papal Audience by Pope Paul VI. Credit: NASA.

William Pope McArthur Pioneer hydrographer on the West Coast. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Edmond Pope (center), the American businessman convicted of spying by the Russian government, arrived at Ramstein Air base, Germany, Dec. 14 following his release from prison. The 54-year-old retired Navy officer was to receive a medical evaluation at ne.

C-130 Hercules launch at Pope Air Force Base, N.C.

Stanley Pope tops tobacco plants on a farm in the Danville, Va. area. Credit: USDA.

Caption: Pope Pius Xi with Ediphone Made Especially for Him; Vatican City; Unknown Date; {29.320/91} (jpg).

Saint Andrew's Church, Wilmington, Delaware, revised design for w.i. bracket-lantern over steps at entrance to chapel from south yard / The Iron-Craftsmen ; Pope & Kruse, arch'ts. Credit: Library of Congress.

Pope. Credit: Library of Congress.

The garden of the Pope from the dome of St. Peter's / A. Castaigne. Credit: Library of Congress.

Freedom for Belgium (as the Kaiser said to the Pope). Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Pope
 

"Faith" by Ruben Abascal
Commentary: "People waiting to see Pope at San Pedro´s Place."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Pope

AuthorQuotation

Alexander Pope

Passions are the gales of life.
On wrongs swift vengeance waits.
At every word a reputation dies.
Die and endow a college or a cat.
Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel?
All looks yellow to a jaundiced eye.
Most women have no characters at all.
Woman's at best a contradiction still.
All nature is but art unknown to thee.
Health consists with temperance alone.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Pope

AuthorDateQuotation

Magna Carta

1215

In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs forever that the English Church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, we, of our pure and unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord, Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel arose between us and our barons: and this we will observe, and our will is that it be observed in good faith by our heirs forever. (reference)

Communist Manifesto

1848

All the Powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Pope

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Down with the pope! (Matters were getting embroiled with Rome

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Pope

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Pope AM, Tarlov AR, editors. (references)

Brandt EN Jr, Pope AM, editors. (references)

Pope, HG. and Yurgelun-Todd, D. The Residual Cognitive Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use in College Students. (references)

Civil Liberties

Ukraine

Public services led by the Pope were attended by tens of thousands of persons in Kiev and hundreds of thousands of persons in Lviv, including President Kuchma himself. (references)

Korea

Seoul Archbishop Nicholas Jin-Suk Cheong, appointed by the Pope as Apostolic Administrator of Pyongyang, was quoted in July 2000 as stating that while there were 50 priests in the country in the 1940's, it is not known if they are still alive today. (references)

Ukraine

President Kuchma issued an official invitation to Pope John Paul II to visit, despite criticism by the Moscow Patriarchate. (references)

Economic History

China

Most Chinese Catholic bishops are recognized by the Pope, and official priests have Vatican approval to administer all the sacraments. (references)

The Holy See

The term "Holy See" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. (references)

Cuba (09/01)

In November of 1996, President Castro invited Pope John Paul II to visit Cuba after an agreement was reached on some of the issues important for the church to carry out its religious activities in Cuba and prepare for the visit. (references)

Women

Egypt

Government ministers speak out against the practice, and senior religious leaders also support efforts to stop it. The Sheikh of al-Azhar, the most senior Islamic figure in the country, and Pope Shenouda, the leader of the Coptic Orthodox community, have stated repeatedly that FGM is not required by religious doctrine. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

SOUL, n. A spiritual entity concerning which there hath been brave disputation. Plato held that those souls which in a previous state of existence (antedating Athens) had obtained the clearest glimpses of eternal truth entered into the bodies of persons who became philosophers. Plato himself was a philosopher. The souls that had least contemplated divine truth animated the bodies of usurpers and despots. Dionysius I, who had threatened to decapitate the broad- browed philosopher, was a usurper and a despot. Plato, doubtless, was not the first to construct a system of philosophy that could be quoted against his enemies; certainly he was not the last. "Concerning the nature of the soul," saith the renowned author of Diversiones Sanctorum, "there hath been hardly more argument than that of its place in the body. Mine own belief is that the soul hath her seat in the abdomen -- in which faith we may discern and interpret a truth hitherto unintelligible, namely that the glutton is of all men most devout. He is said in the Scripture to 'make a god of his belly' -- why, then, should he not be pious, having ever his Deity with him to freshen his faith? Who so well as he can know the might and majesty that he shrines? Truly and soberly, the soul and the stomach are one Divine Entity; and such was the belief of Promasius, who nevertheless erred in denying it immortality. He had observed that its visible and material substance failed and decayed with the rest of the body after death, but of its immaterial essence he knew nothing. This is what we call the Appetite, and it survives the wreck and reek of mortality, to be rewarded or punished in another world, according to what it hath demanded in the flesh. The Appetite whose coarse clamoring was for the unwholesome viands of the general market and the public refectory shall be cast into eternal famine, whilst that which firmly through civilly insisted on ortolans, caviare, terrapin, anchovies, pates de foie gras and all such Christian comestibles shall flesh its spiritual tooth in the souls of them forever and ever, and wreak its divine thirst upon the immortal parts of the rarest and richest wines ever quaffed here below. Such is my religious faith, though I grieve to confess that neither His Holiness the Pope nor His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury (whom I equally and profoundly revere) will assent to its dissemination."

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Pope

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Lyndon B. Johnson

1963-1969I have just recently returned from a very fruitful visit and talks with His Holiness the Pope and I share his hope-as he expressed it earlier today-that both sides will extend themselves in an effort to bring an end to the war in Vietnam.

George Bush

1989-1993A President is neither prince nor pope, and I don't seek a window on men's souls.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001That's what the Pope and other religious leaders have urged us to do.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Pope

"Pope" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 62.31% of the time. "Pope" is used about 1,924 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (singular)62.31%1,1996,457
Noun (proper)37.69%7259,302
                    Total100.00%1,924N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Pope

The following table summarizes the usage of "pope" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons		Rank in USA
PopeLast name28,000405
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Pope

CountryNameCountryName
United Kingdom